Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Society for Experimental Biology Biology and Medicine. Other publishing houses represented: Breskin Publications, Inc. and Medicine. Case-Sheppard-Mann Publishing Corp. Keeney Publishing Co. Diesel Publications, Inc. F. W. Dodge Corp. Publisher Fairchild Publications, Inc. Gulf Publishing Co. Miller Freeman Publications Press release by Office for United States Participation, International Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, "United States Reactor for UN Conference Being Flown From United States to Geneva," June 30, 1955 The research reactor the United States Atomic Energy Commission will exhibit at the International Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy will be air-lifted to Geneva starting from Knoxville, Tenn., June 30, Lewis L. Strauss, Chairman, announced today. The reactor will be flown over in two United States Government aircraft and re-assembled on the grounds of the Palais Des Nations, where the Conference will be held. Built in record time in the past three months at the Commission's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, near Knoxville, the reactor was successfully tested, passing all safety requirements, before it was dismantled and crated for trans-Atlantic airlift. K The Oak Ridge National Laboratory is operated under contract for the AEC by Union Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corp. The reactor project has been under the direction of Dr. Charles E. Winters. About 15 tons of reactor components are being air-lifted from the McGhee-Tyson Air Force Base in a C-124 and a C-54 supplied by the Military Air Transport Service. The framework for the reactor was dispatched earlier by ship. The aircraft are expected to reach Geneva July 1. The reactor will be reassembled in a new building at Geneva especially built for it. After installation adjustments and test operations are completed, the reactor will be given a final check-out. It will be ready for display when the 12-day Conference opens August 8. Delegates will be invited to watch demonstrations and experiments of the reactor. It is expected there will be special hours when the public also will be invited to attend. This will be the first United States reactor to be exhibited in Europe. It is one prototype of research reactors which will become available to more than 20 nations under the bilateral agreements which the United States has been signing in recent weeks with individual nations. After the Geneva Conference, the reactor will be sold to the Swiss government. This is a pool-type reactor. At Geneva it will operate in a cylinder of purified water 10 feet in diameter and 21 feet deep. The reactor operates with approximately 18 kilograms of uranium containing 3.6 kilograms of the U-235 isotope. This represents a 20 per cent enrichment of the fuel, insufficient to make it of weapons grade. The reactor underwent a variety of operational and safety tests at Oak Ridge, each of which was satisfactory. The reactor's power rose to a maximum level of 100 kilowatts of heat. It operated at full power for a total of 25 minutes during the several hours of tests. As a result of advances in instrumentation, it is possible for this reactor to be operated automatically from start to full power. Laboratory engineers point out that adaptation of this design will add more safety factors for reactors of this type now under construction both in the United States and abroad. The major vendors and contractors for the United States research reactor exhibit in Geneva and their contributions are as follows: American Machine & Foundry Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.: Control drive motors, electromagnets, grid plate control rods, and guide tubes. Atomic Instrument Co., Cambridge, Mass.: Scalar. Brown Instrument Division of Minneapolis Honeywell Co., Philadelphia, Pa.: Display recorders. Burton-Rogers Co., Cincinnati, Ohio: Reactor tank cover. Cincinnati Ventilating Co., Covington, Ky.: Grid plate support stand and fuel storage rack. Craftweld Equipment Co., Long Island, N. Y.: Diving lights. Daystrom Instrument Co., Archbald, Pa.: Reactor control instruments. Electric Machinery Co., Minneapolis, Minn.: Frequency converter controls. Fisher & Porter Manufacturing Co., Hatboro, Pa.: Flow rate meters. Harig Manufacturing Co., Chicago, Ill.: Grid plate. Illinois Water Treatment Co., Rockford, Ill.: Water demineralizer equipment. International Instrument, Inc., New Haven, Conn.: Control rod position indicator. Labour Co., Elkhart, Ind.: Water pumps. Leeds & Northrup Co., Philadelphia, Pa.: Reactor simulator recorders and flux amplifier. Master Electric Co., Dayton, Ohio: Motor generator frequency converter. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn.: Design and engineering of fuel element fabrication. Panellit, Inc., Skokie, Ill.: Reactor control panel. Radiation Counter Laboratories, Skokie, Ill.: Ionization chambers. Radio Corporation of America, Camden, N. J.: Intercommunication and public-address equipment. L. Schreiber & Sons Co., Covington, Ky.: Control drive platform and railing. Structural Display Co., Inc., Long Island, N. Y.: Exhibits. Westinghouse Electric Electronic Tube Division, Elmira, N. Y.: Fission chambers. The major foreign contractors in Geneva are as follows: Conrad Zschokke: Construction contractor. Union Carbide Europa. Press release by Postmaster General Arthur E. Summerfield, "Issuance of a Special 3-Cent Stamp To Commemorate 'Atoms for Peace'," July 6, 1955 Postmaster General Arthur E. Summerfield announced today that a special 3-cent stamp to commemorate "Atoms for Peace" will be first placed on sale at Washington, D. C., on July 28, 1955. The stamp will be 0.84 by 1.44 inches in dimension, arranged horizontally, electric-eye perforated, and issued in sheets of fifty. The color of the stamp will be blue. The printing of 120,000,000 3-cent Atoms for Peace commemorative stamps has been authorized. The central design of the stamp is composed of two spheres showing each side of the atlas encircled with the orbital emblem which has become symbolic of atomic energy. The words "Atoms for Peace" in white face modified Gothic are displayed across the two spheres. Placed in three sides of the stamp frame is the following quotation taken from the speech of President Eisenhower before the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 8, 1953: ". . . to find the way by which the. . inventiveness of man shall be . consecrated to his life,:" and at the bottom, "3¢ United States Postage 36" all in dark face Gothic. Postmaster General Summerfield in commenting on the stamp stated that "The Atomic Energy Commission was asked to submit ideas for an Atoms for Peace stamp. Through the cooperation of the Atomic Energy Commission, State Department, and the United States Information Agency, a total of forty-three different designs was submitted for consideration. There were many good designs submitted to the Department for consideration and of those received the one executed by George R. Cox, Senior Technical Illustrator, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, Long Island, New York, was judged the most suitable for this stamp." Stamp collectors desiring first-day cancellations of this stamp may send a reasonable number of addressed envelopes to the Postmaster at Washington, D. C., with money order remittance to cover the cost. of the stamps to be affixed. An enclosure of medium weight should be placed in each envelope and the flap either sealed or turned in. The outside envelope to the Postmaster should be endorsed "First Day Covers." Address of Senator Clinton P. Anderson, Chairman, Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, before the National Advertising Executives Association, Inc., Summer Conference, The Greenbrier, White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., July 12, 1955 When I began preparing my remarks for this audience of advertising executives, I suddenly realized that our luncheon today would take place four days before the tenth anniversary of what many call the beginning of the atomic age. Ten years ago on July 16, a cold New Mexico dawn was lit by an enormous flash of light-brighter than even the sun itself. The first atomic bomb had been exploded at Alamogordo. For better or for worse, the Atomic age had arrived. You people here today know what has happened in the ten years since that first atomic explosion. You know that the atom has been developed into a weapon of unexpected and unparalleled destructiveYou know that the atomic bombs which fell upon Hiroshima and Nagasaki a decade ago were "Model-T" devices when compared with the terrible atomic and hydrogen weapons in our stockpile today. ness. The bombs which fell upon Japan were the equal of twenty thousand tons of TNT. Our first full-scale hydrogen test-which wiped out an island in the Pacific in the fall of 1952-had the power of a few million tons of TNT. And even the tremendous blast and the searing heat which follow in the wake of a hydrogen explosion now seem unimportant when measured against the effects of radioactive fallout-which can kill and maim over an area covering tens of thousands of square miles. Scientists now have it in their power to build bombs even more terrible. There is no theoretical limit to the size of the hydrogen bomb. It is now possible to make them so large, so efficient, and so destructive that the only target big enough to justify their use would be civilization itself. But now let me put this question to you: When you think of electricity do you simply think of the electric chair? Of course you don't. You know that electricity can be a life-giving as well as a life-destroying force. And it is the same with the energy from the atom. Like every other force in nature, atomic energy can be used for good or for evil-depending on how man chooses to use it. Uncontrolled, atomic energy is a merciless destroyer. But if we can control it, it holds out the promise of a far richer and a far more productive life for all who can harness its energy for good. The moral of this should be clear: If the atom can be used either to destroy life or to enrich life on scales never before contemplated, then surely it must now be our simple duty to explore every possible peacetime use of the atom, so that its elemental force will benefit all of civilization, and not destroy it. The atomic story does not have to end on a note of destruction and horror. This atomic age of ours can be as full of promise as it now is of peril, as full of hope as it may be of horror. And this is what I would like to discuss with you today-how all of you in the advertising profession, and how all of us as Americans, can get about the job of helping make sure that these opening years of the atomic age will represent the beginning of a new era of peace and abundance for decent men and women everywhere. A moment ago, I said that the atom had limitless potentialities for good and for evil. Let me try to explain what I mean. A single pound of Uranium-235 contains almost as much energy as three million pounds of coal. If we can harness this energy for constructive purposes, it can be the key which opens the gates to a new world of material plenty. It isn't hard to see why. Energy-sheer physical energy usefully employed-constitutes the material foundation of our industrial civilization. Give a country cheap energy in abundance, give it also the skills to employ it productively, and you have the makings of a wealthy nation. Cheap and abundant energy underlies our own country's material wealth. Today our nation makes and therefore has more goods and leisure than any other country in the world. We have been able to do this largely because of the enormous amount of energy each American has at his command. Let's go back into history a bit. Suppose you went to dinner at a wealthy home one hundred years ago. Possibly, your hostess might have recounted the number of servants' rooms she has and the number of domestics she employs. If she was very wealthy, she might count up an upstairs maid and a downstairs maid, and a cook and butler and a liveryman. But one hundred years ago, only the lucky few could have five servants. Yet today my own wife has thirty-five servants in our home, and I am fortunate when I pay the bills, since they are all electric servants. She has a toaster, a coffee maker, clocks, washers, dryers, ranges and cleaners. With their help, she is able to run our servantless house without undue burden. And the experts predict that by 1970, my wife and your wives as well-will be able to call upon one hundred electric servants to help with the chores. It is up to industry to come forward with the inventiveness and the know-how needed to devise all the new electric servants which will lighten our labors in the years ahead. But it is up to you—the members of the advertising profession-to provide the millions of lines of interesting copy which will be needed to persuade my wife and the millions of other housewives in America of what new products they should buy and how frequently thereafter they should trade them in. Yet may it be that this challenging task before you will be interrupted by the horrors of an atomic war? Will it be that the enormous promise of our atomic age will turn out to be a mockery--and will it be that this great new force which can enrich all of us will instead. destroy all of us? |