will have their own technicians who can develop in each country the programs best suited to meet the needs of the country. This and not a give-away plan is the truly American way of spreading the benefits. of the peaceful use of the atom throughout the world. This is the American way which, to use the President's words, "will lead this world out of fear and into peace.' It is the American answer to the pledge of the President "to devote its entire heart and mind to find. the way by which the miraculous inventiveness of man shall not be dedicated to his death but concentrated to his life."

Press release by United States Atomic Energy Commission, "AEC Announces Three Basic Regulations for Civilian Atomic Industry," April 12, 1955

Lewis L. Strauss, Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, today announced that the Commission has approved three proposed regulations governing the activities of private and public organizations and persons in the development and utilization of atomic energy for peaceful purposes, as provided in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954. The proposed regulations establish the procedures and criteria for the issuance of licenses for the possession and use of production and utilization facilities, and special nuclear materials. They also establish the security standards and procedures for safeguarding secret and confidential restricted data. The three new regulations provide the essential information needed by the public to prepare license applications to proceed with atomic energy activities. Present regulations governing source and by-product materials are under revision. Other regulations in such fields as operators licenses, health and safety, and administrative procedures are still being formulated.

In announcing the proposed regulations, Mr. Strauss stated: "These regulations will open the way to all who are interested in engaging in research and development or commerical activities in the atomic energy field. The Commission has established no deadlines for the filing of applications for licenses. Such applications may be filed at any time."

Mr. Strauss added that the AEC's objective in the formulation of the regulations was to minimize Government control of competitive enterprise. "The regulations," he said, "impose on a licensee only those controls which we believe are clearly needed to protect the health and safety of the public and the national security. We have not included in these regulations the detailed management controls which we have found to be necessary in the administration of contracts involving the expenditure of Federal funds."

As required by law the proposed regulations will be published in the Federal Register, giving official notice of proposed rule making. There will then be a 30-day period during which the public may submit written suggestions and comments on the regulations. After these suggestions and comments have been taken into account the regulations will be officially promulgated in the Federal Register.

In developing the proposed regulations the AEC invited the comments and suggestions of advisory groups made up of the principal segments of industry which will be affected by the regulations. This

was done through conferences held a few weeks ago which were attended by representatives of public and private electric utility groups, equipment manufacturers, the chemical industry and organizations engaged in research in the field of atomic energy.

SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL DISTRIBUTION

The key provisions of the regulation governing the distribution of special nuclear materials are:

1. The applicant must be a reliable person, qualified through training and experience to use the material safely;

2. The applicant's equipment and facilities must be adequate to protect health and minimize danger to life or property;

3. The use to which material is to be put must be authorized by the Atomic Energy Act;

4. The licensee must keep records of special nuclear material received, on hand, and transferred, but the regulation does not prescribe detailed accounting procedures nor the type of physical protection to be given the material;

5. Licenses for special nuclear material to be used in reactors will contain provisions allocating the amount of special nuclear material estimated to be necessary for operation of the reactor during the period for which it is licensed. Similar long-term allocation may be included in licenses for other uses if needed by the applicant.

Special nuclear material used by fabricators or processors in performing service functions for licensees who have an allocation. will come out of that allocation.

FACILITIES LICENSES

The facilities to be licensed under the regulations include all reactors, gaseous diffusion and other isotope separation plants, chemical processing and fuel element fabrication plants.

The facilities regulation applies only to complete production or utilization facilities and not to component parts such as control mechanism, instruments, pumps, and similar items. Moreover, the regulation when it becomes effective will eliminate existing regulations of the AEC which apply to components.

Two classes of license are provided. These are based on the distinctions in Sections 103 and 104 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954. Licenses under Section 103, designated "class 103" licenses, pertain to facilities which may be determined by the Commission to be of practical value for industrial or commercial purposes. The Commission has not yet made any such determinations. Licenses under Section 104, or "class 104" licenses, pertain to facilities to be devoted to research and development and to medical therapy.

As a preliminary to the issuance of a facilities license the regulation provides that the AEC shall issue a construction permit. The license when issued will be in the same class for which the construction permit was issued.

SAFEGUARDING OF RESTRICTED DATA

This regulation establishes the basic requirements for protecting secret and confidential restricted data. Information in the top secret

category is subject to specific instructions from the Commission. The regulation authorizes the free exchange among properly cleared persons of confidential restricted data pertaining to civilian applications of atomic energy. Strict AEC control is retained over the dissemination of secret restricted data and of confidential restricted data which does not pertain to civilian applications.

EXPORT CONTROLS

The Atomic Energy Act of 1954 prohibits all exports of special nuclear material except under an international arrangement entered into under Section 123. The proposed regulations will remove AEC licensing controls on the export of component parts of utilization or production facilities. However, restrictions on exports are imposed by other agencies such as the Department of Commerce. The Commission's regulations do not relieve anyone from compliance with the requirements of other agencies. The requirement that AEC licenses be obtained for the export of complete facilities is continued.

In addition to its licensing requirements, the Atomic Energy Act also requires AEC approval for any activity which constitutes engaging directly or indirectly in the production of special nuclear material in a foreign country. Persons desiring Commission approval of their foreign atomic energy activities may apply to the Commission, stating the scope of those activities.

The regulations follow:1

Press release by United States Atomic Energy Commission, "32 Students From 21 Countries To Receive Radioisotope Training," April 15, 1955

Lewis L. Strauss, Chairman of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, today announced that 32 scientists and technicians from 21 nations have been accepted as students for a special four-week course in radioisotope techniques beginning May 2, 1955 at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

This project is one of several launched by the Commission in furtherance of the President's atoms-for-peace program. So many applications for enrollment were received from interested nations that another session will be set aside in the fall for those who applied but who could not be accommodated now.

The purpose of the training is to permit qualified research workers and technicians to gain sufficient facility in the use of radioisotopes, or "tracer atoms," to apply this technique in their own work.

The isotope training courses have been given at Oak Ridge since 1948, and are part of the work contracted by the AEC to the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies, an educational corporation of 32 colleges and universities in the South. This special session, the first to be devoted exclusively to foreign students, is identical with training given to U. S. scientists and technicians six times a year by the Oak Ridge Institute.

Students accepted for the special session and the countries represented are:

Australia: Francis E. Jenkins, Victoria, Australia.

Canada: Donald A. Fraser, Ontario, Canada; Kenneth E. Hall,

1 The text of the regulations appears in the Federal Register for April 15, 1955 (10 CFR 50; 10 CFR 70; 10 CFR 95).

Ottawa, Canada; Thomas G. Stoddart, Ottawa, Canada.
Chile: Camilo Larrain, Santiago, Chile.

Colombia: Jaime Cortazar, Bogota, Colombia.

Cuba: Jorge E. Gavilondo Y Gonzalez, Habana, Cuba.
Egypt: Osman Hilal, Alexandria, Egypt.

Finland: Kauno E. Salimaki, Helsinki, Finland.
Germany: Guenter Schramm, Nassau, Germany.

Greece: George K. Daikos, Athens, Greece; John Papadakos, Athens, Greece.

Guatemala: Francisco Aguirre-Batres, Guatemala City, Guatemala. India: Miss E. K. Janaki-Ammal, N. Malabar, India; Boshi Sen, Pradesh, India.

Italy: Cesare Rossi, Rome, Italy.

Japan: Yutaka Hirata, Tokyo, Japan; Nagao Ikeda, Tokyo, Japan.

Mexico: Augusto Moreno-Moreno, Coyoacan, Mexico 20, D. F.; Ariel Tejera-Rivera, Monetaria 67-6, Mexico 12, D. F.

Netherlands: J. A. J. Stolwijk, Wageningen, Netherlands.

Pakistan: Mohammed Maqsood, Lahore, Pakistan; Mohammed Shafqat Husain Siddiqi, Peshawar, Pakistan; Mohammed Hafeez Toosy, Lahore, Pakistan.

Peru: Julio A. Bedoya, Lima, Peru.

Philippines: Vicente M. Belizario, Laguna, Philippines; Florencio A. Medina, Quezon City, Philippines.

Spain: Jose Francisco Saiz Del Rio, Madrid, Spain.

Thailand: Malini Jamikorn, Bangkok, Thailand; Chalio Surasiti, Bangkok, Thailand; Vikul Viranuvatti, Bangkok, Thailand. Venezuela: Ruben Merenfeld, Caracas, Venezuela.

Excerpts of address by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, “International Atomic Energy," at the annual luncheon of the Associated Press, at Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, New York City, April 25, 1955, as actually delivered

Just over two years ago I had an opportunity to appear before the American Society of Newspaper Editors. I then pledged your Government to an untiring search for a just peace as a fixed and abiding objective. In our search for peace we are not bound by slavish adherence to precedent or halted by the lack of it. The spirit of this search influences every action of your Administration; it affects every solution to problems of the moment.

It prompted my proposal before the General Assembly of the United Nations that governments make joint contributions of fissionable materials to an International Atomic Energy Agency for peaceful research-so that the miraculous inventiveness of man may be consecrated to his fuller life.

It inspired last week's offer of polio information, research facilities and seed virus-so that Dr. Salk's historic accomplishment may free all mankind from a physical scourge.

It provides the reason for a plan that, after lengthy study, I am able now to announce. We have added to the United States Program for Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy an atomic-powered merchant

ship. The Atomic Energy Commission and the Maritime Administration are now developing specifications. I shall shortly submit to the Congress a request for the necessary funds, together with a description of the vessel.

The new ship, powered with an atomic reactor, will not require refueling for scores of thousands of miles of operation. Visiting the ports of the world, it will demonstrate to people everywhere this peacetime use of atomic energy, harnessed for the improvement of human living. In part, also, the ship will be an atomic exhibit; carrying to all people practical knowledge of the usefulness of this new science in such fields as medicine, agriculture, and power production.

Press release by Atomic Energy Commission, Department of State, and White House; and Text of Prototype of “Bilateral Agreements for Cooperation in the Civil Uses of Atomic Energy," May 3, 1955-July 1955

BILATERAL AGREEMENTS FOR COOPERATION IN THE CIVIL USES OF ATOMIC ENERGY, MAY-JULY 1955

(EDITOR'S NOTE: Negotiation of bilateral agreements for cooperation between other nations and the United States in the civil uses of atomic energy was set underway early in 1955. On May 3, the first agreement was initialed by representatives of the United States and Turkey. By early July, agreements with twenty-seven nations had been initialed or signed. After Presidential approval, each agreement was forwarded to the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy in accordance with the requirements of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954.)

STANDARD AGREEMENTS FOR RESEARCH ASSISTANCE

Of the agreements twenty-four were of similar nature, providing for cooperation in research in the peaceful uses of atomic energy. This group of agreements sets forth the arrangements for cooperation between the Government of the United States and the following:

Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Republic of China, Colombia, Denmark, Greece, Israel, Italy, Republic of Korea, Japan, Lebanon, Netherlands, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Venezuela, Uruguay.

COMPREHENSIVE AGREEMENTS FOR EXCHANGE OF CLASSIFIED AND UNCLASSIFIED INFORMATION

Three of the agreements-with Belgium, Canada, and the United Kingdom, wartime and postwar cooperators with the United States in raw material, supply or certain types of research-are much more comprehensive. They include arrangements for exchange of classified as well as unclassified information bearing on the peaceful uses of atomic energy.

There follows the full text of an agreement, which may be regarded as a prototype for the twenty-four standard agreements for research

1 In this chronological presentation, the text of the Belgian, Canadian, and the United Kingdom agreements appear beginning on p. 448, under date of June 20-the time of their release.