shift speeds as indicated below (where possible; if not, cut into time of next mode). Shifting shall be accomplished rapidly to minimize closed-throttle time. 2,250 Mode 2,500 0-25 accel. 2,750 3,000 3,500 4,000 15-30 accel_______ 4,500 5,000 5, 500 1 Where it is expected that more than 33 percent of the vehicles in an engine displacement class will be equipped with air conditioning, an additional 10 percent will be added to the above listed road load horsepowers for all test vehicles representing such engine class. (d) Practice cycles should be run to find the correct throttle action to allow completion of the accelerations in the specified time at the constant rates of acceleration specified. Care should be taken to avoid throttle closures in the transition from acceleration to 30 cruise. (e) The vehicle speed (m.p.h.) as measured from the dynamometer rolls shall be used for all conditions. A speed vs. time recording, as evidence of dynamometer test validity, shall be supplied on request by the Secretary. (a) All test conditions except as noted shall be run in highest gear. (b) Cars equipped with free wheeling or overdrive units shall be tested with this unit (free wheeling or overdrive) locked out of operation. (c) Idle: Idle shall be run with transmission in gear and with clutch disengaged (except first idle; see § 85.80). (d) Cruise: The vehicle shall be driven at a constant throttle position to maintain the cruising speed. An engine tachometer and vacuum gauge may be used as driving aids. (e) Acceleration: Modes shall be run at nearly constant acceleration with the (f) Deceleration: (1) The modes shall be run at closed throttle in high gear with clutch engaged, maintaining a constant deceleration rate by using the vehicle brakes. For those modes which decelerate to zero, the clutch should be depressed when speed drops below 15 m.p.h. (2) If the vehicle decelerates more rapidly than required with no braking, the decelerations should be made at closed throttle even though less than the specified time is required. Indicate the end of the (30-15 or 20-0) deceleration, continue at that speed until the specified time has elapsed, then proceed with the next sequence. (g) Optional shift points: When recommended by the manufacturer in the owner's operating manual, second gear may be used in sequences six and seven of § 85.75 (a). If this option is utilized, it shall be reported in test results submitted under § 85.51 and a copy of the applicable owner's operating manual shall be submitted with such report. § 85.78 Four- and five-speed manual transmissions. (a) Use the same procedure as threespeed manual transmissions with the following exceptions: in the next steady speed mode to the extent necessary to compensate for time lost. (d) Optional shift points: When recommended by the manufacturer in the owner's operating manual, second gear may be used in sequences six and seven of § 85.75 (a). If this option is utilized, it shall be reported in test results submitted under § 85.51 and a copy of the applicable owner's operating manual shall be submitted with such report. § 85.79 Automatic transmissions. (a) All test conditions shall be run with the transmission in "Drive" (highest gear). (b) Idle: Idle shall be run with the transmission in "Drive" and the wheels braked (except first idle; see § 85.80). (c) Cruise: The vehicle shall be driven at constant throttle position to maintain specified speed in highest gear. (d) Accelerations: Modes shall be run at nearly constant acceleration, allowing the transmission to shift automatically through the normal sequence of gears. (e) Decelerations: These modes shall be run at closed throttle, maintaining a constant deceleration by using the vehicle brakes. If the vehicle decelerates more rapidly than required, the test shall be run as for Manual Transmission Vehicle (see § 85.77). (a) The engine will be started according to the manufacturer's recommended starting procedure and run in the neutral position at no less than 1,100 r.p.m. (or maximum r.p.m. at which clutch remains disengaged if automatically operated) for a total of 20 seconds. (b) Put the transmission in gear after 20 seconds so that the first acceleration can be started at the end of 40 seconds. The emissions for the first idle are to be read during the last 3 seconds preceding the first acceleration mode. This initial idle replaces the idle in the first 7-mode cycle. (c) Vehicles equipped with manual choke shall be started according to the manufacturer's procedure. Use of the choke shall not extend beyond sequence eight of the first cycle. (d) In all of these sequences the operator may use more choke, more r.p.m., and decreased rate of acceleration, etc., in the first cycle, where necessary to keep the engine running. § 85.81 Sampling and analytical system (exhaust emissions). (a) Schematic drawing. The following figure (Figure 1) is a schematic drawing of the exhaust gas sampling and analytical system which will be used for testing under the regulations in this part. Figure 1 FLOW SCHEMATIC OF EXHAUST GAS ANALYSIS SYSTEM (b) Component description. The following components will be used in sampling and analytical systems for testing under the regulations in this part. (1) Flowmeters FL1, FL2, FL3, and FL4 indicate the sample flow rate through the analyzers. (2) Low range hydrocarbon analyzer. (5) High range hydrocarbon analyzer. (6) Pressure gauges P1, P2, and P3 indicate the analyzer sample pressure. (7) Needle valves N1, N2, N3, and N4 regulate sample flow rate to the analyzers. (8) Needle valves N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, and N10 regulate the flow rates of N. and normalizing gases to the analyzers. (9) Ball valves V1, V2, and V3 for directing either sample or calibration gases to the analyzers. (10) Needle valves N11, N12, N13 regulate the sample flow rate through the bypass network. (11) Flowmeters FL5, FL6, and FL7 indicate the flow rate through the bypass system. (12) Pumps P1, P2, and P3 for pulling sample from source. (13) Filters F1, F2, and F3 remove contaminants from sample prior to analysis. (14) Ball valves V4, V5, and V6 for directing sample to the analyzer or directing air in the reverse direction as a blackflush. (15) Toggle valves V8, V9, V10, and V11 for draining condensate traps and refrigerated bath. (16) Traps T1, T2, and T3 for condensing water vapor and cooling exhaust sample. (17) Ball valve V7 for diverting air to low HC analyzer during periods of high hydrocarbon response. (18) Needle valve N14 for regulating air flow to low hydrocarbon analyzer during purge conditions. (19) Thermometer for indicating bath temperature. (20) Refrigerated water bath for condensing water vapor and cooling exhaust sample. (21) Sample line from vehicle to analysis system. (22) Sample probe to extract exhaust gas sample from terminus of vehicle exhaust system. (23) Ball valve V12 for directing N, to hydrocarbon analyzers. § 85.82 Sampling and analytical system (fuel evaporative emissions). (a) Schematic drawings. (1) The following figures (Figures 2, 3, and 4) are flow diagrams of typical evaporative loss collection applications. (i) Canister-300±25 ml., cylindrical container having a length to diameter ratio of 1.4±0.1. An inlet tube, 6-inch ID and 1-inch long is sealed into the top of the canister, at its geometric center. A similar outlet tube is sealed into the wall 1/4-inch from the bottom of the canister. The canister is designed to withstand an air pressure of 2 p.s.i., when sealed, without evidence of leaking when immersed in water for 30 seconds. (ii) Activated carbon-meeting the following specifications: Surface area, min. (N, 1,000 square meters BET method).1 Adsorption capacity, min. (carbon tetrachloride). per gram. 60 percent, by weight. |