doors; and the doors from the cabin into other parts of the boat must be provided with substantial springs, making them self-closing. The stoves must be at least 18 inches from all partitions, and a sheet-metal shield 51⁄21⁄2 feet in height, securely fastened to the floor and the wall, must be placed midway between the walls and the stove. The stove must be at least 6 inches from the floor of the cabin, supported either on legs permanently and securely fastened to the stove and the floor or on 6 inches of hollow tile securely fastened in place. The hole in the roof of the cabin where the stovepipe passes through shall be 18 inches larger in circumference than the stovepipe, and a substantial metal plate shall be placed in the opening surrounding the pipe to hold it in place. The stovepipe shall also be tied into the walls so that it will not shift. The smokestack must be provided with substantial screens of fine mesh or other satisfactory spark arrester. All oil lamps must be held in marine brackets. Safety matches of wooden-stick type rather than the paper type must be used exclusively and kept in proper receptacles. Oils and lamps must be kept on deck in a metal-lined box, and in such position that it can be readily thrown overboard. No artificial light shall be permitted in the holds or compartments of any vessel that contains explosives except electric flash lights or electric lanterns or an approved electric lighting of the vessel. Crews must not have or carry matches, firearms, or cartridges on their persons. Electric flash lights must be provided for the attendants.

6. No explosives will be allowed to be placed aboard a vessel until the rest of the cargo has been placed aboard and the vessel trimmed. All work of construction of floors, partitions, and other conditioning of the vessel, and the removal of any other combustibles from that part of the hold in which the explosives are to be stored, shall be completed before loading of the explosives is commenced. All rubbish, shovelings, old oil, paint cans, oil rags, rope ends, and other litter must be kept cleared out of the holds. Such lumber as is allowed to remain in the holds for use as firewood must be securely piled. Floors must be kept broom clean. All decks, gangways, and holds over which explosives must be passed in loading must be freed from all loose metal or tools and carefully swept before loading is commenced and after loading has ceased.

7. All explosives must be handled carefully. No metal tools shall be used in loading, unloading, or handling explosives. Men engaged in loading, unload ing, or handling explosives must not have or carry on their persons metal tools or bale hooks, matches, firearms, or cartridges, and they must not wear boots or shoes shod or strengthened with iron nails or any metal, unless such boots or shoes are covered with leather. felt, or some other such material. Packages of explosives must not be thrown, dropped, rolled, dragged, or slid over each other or over the decks. Dynamite boxes must be stowed topside up. Powder kegs should be loaded with seams up.

8. The term "high explosives in bulk" shall be construed to mean high explosives packed in boxes, barrels, or kegs, and not loaded in ammunition or shells. The standard definition of the term "high explosives" will be that contained in paragraph 1503 of the regulations of the Interstate Commerce Commission for the transportation of explosives by rail, viz: "High explosives are all explosives more powerful than ordinary black powder, except smokeless powders and fulminates. Their distinguishing characteristic is their sus ceptibility to detonation by a blasting cap. Examples of high explosives are dynamite, picric acid, picrates, chlorate powders, nitrate of ammonia powders, dry trinitrotoluol, dry nitrocellulose (gun cotton), dry tetranitroaniline, dry tetranitromethylaniline, and fireworks that can be exploded en masse." Unless

they are loaded in the same vessel with articles enumerated in the rule quoted above, picric acid 10 per cent wet, and trinitrotoluol 10 per cent wet, and nitrocellulose (gun cotton) 20 per cent wet will not be classified as high explosives. The term "high explosives in bulk" does not include such articles as benzol, toluol, smokeless powder, black powder, small-arms ammunition, ammunition for cannon with explosive projectiles, explosive projectiles or torpedoes, percussion fuses, time fuses, combination fuses, tracer fuses, cordeau detonant, primers for cannon and small arms, blasting caps, detonating fuses, and fulminate of mercury in bulk. Blasting caps, detonating fuses, and fulminate of mercury in bulk will be considered as constituting a distinct class by themselves, and must be stowed and handled with special care.

9. In transferring high explosives in bulk, blasting caps, detonating fuses, or fulminate of mercury from one vessel to another they must be handled by hand or regulation chute and mattress. If difference in elevation between vessels or condition of weather renders it impossible to transfer or load by hand or chute, mechanical hoists and a special crate or basket may be used. Explosives transferred in this manner must not be handled roughly. They must be hoisted and lowered carefully and be deposited or lowered on a mattress.

10. When an inclined chute is employed, such chute shall be constructed of 1-inch planed boards with side boards 4 inches high, extending 3 inches above top face of bottom of chute and throughout its length fastened with brass screws. D-shaped strips or runners not more than 6 inches apart and running lengthwise of the chute must be fastened to the upper surface of the bottom part by means of glue and wooden pegs extending through the bottom part and runners. Chutes must be occasionally wiped down with waste moistened with machine oil when dynamite packages are being handled. A stuffed mattress 4 feet wide by 6 feet long and not less than 4 inches thick, or a heavy jute or hemp mat of like dimensions, must be placed under the discharging end of the chute. The incline of the chute should be such that the velocity of the packages sliding will not be great enough to cause violent shock when coming in contact with other packages or when reaching the bottom of the slide, or men must be stationed alongside the chutes to retard the velocity of the packages and prevent violent shocks when packages come in contact with each other or reach the bottom of the chute.

11. Broken or seriously damaged packages of explosives may be recoopered when it is practicable and not dangerous. A broken box of dynamite that can not be recoopered should be reinforced by stout wrapping paper and twine placed in another strong box, and surrounded by dry, fine sawdust, or dry clean cotton waste, or elastic wads made from dry newspaper. A ruptured can or keg should be inclosed in a grain bag of good quality and boxed or crated. Injured packages thus protected and properly marked may be forwarded. Packages too seriously damaged to be recoopered should not be forwarded, but set aside and the shipper notified to make disposition of them. In removing broken cases or kegs of explosives from vessels, care must be taken to remove any particles of loose explosives.

12. The transportation of high explosives by water and the transfer of high explosives to and from water craft in the harbor of New York and vicinity, other than in the case of naval vessels, shall be made under the direct supervision of such guards as may be assigned for the purpose by the Captain of the Port, but this is not to be construed as charging the Captain of the Port with any responsibility in connection with the navigation of such water craft. No high explosives in bulk shall be transported by water through Arthur Kill or Kill van Kull, except that during stormy weather the Captain of the Port

may permit, in his discretion, shipments of high explosives in bulk in amounts not exceeding 10,000 pounds in any one shipment to be transported through these passages when destined to Explosive Anchorage 49(b) for local consumption: Provided, That no high explosives in bulk shall be transported through these passages at night or during foggy weather: Provided, That no other explosives shall be transported by water through Arthur Kill or Kill van Kull except during stormy weather: And provided further, That shipments of high explosives in bulk in amounts not exceeding 2,000 pounds in any one shipment may be transported through Arthur Kill or Kill van Kull, except at night or during foggy weather, when such explosives are destined for local consumption at places along these two waterways. Owners or agents of water craft transferring or carrying such cargoes will be required to provide subsistence when crews are subsisted on board, and, when necessary, suitable sleeping accommodations for guards placed on board by the Captain of the Port, and for such period as he may specify. When crews are not subsisted on board, subsistence for inspectors and guards will not be required, but every opportunity will be afforded to them to use such cooking facilities as are provided for the crews.

13. In any case of violation of the regulations in regard to the handling of explosives, the Captain of the Port is empowered to remove any vessels, or any man or men from the waters to which these regulations pertain or to stop the loading or unloading of explosives in said waters.

14. Nothing in the foregoing shall be construed as relieving the master of any vessel carrying explosives from the responsibility of making frequent inspections, both by day and night, to see that these rules are complied with.

AMBROSE CHANNEL, NEW YORK HARBOR, N. Y.

Navigation regulations prescribed April 17, 1914 (E. D. 16388/256).

[The law Sec. 11 of act of Congress approved June 13, 1902; and act approved March 4, 1913.] 1

Whereas Ambrose Channel, New York Harbor, has been excavated to its full project depth of 40 feet and width of 2,000 feet; and

Whereas the regulations heretofore issued, restricting the use of said channel during the progress of the improvement become inoperative upon completion of the work of improvement; and

Whereas the large fleet of steam vessels engaged in the foreign and coastwise trade of New York Harbor are enabled by the ample dimensions of the said channel to enter and leave the port at all stages of the tide and in nearly all kinds of weather, with a corresponding reduction in the time of voyage from pier to pier; and

Whereas it is essential to the safe use of said channel at all times, and especially in hazy weather, that all craft therein shall operate under their own power and be at all times under perfect control; and

Whereas the other entrance channels near Sandy Hook afford adequate facilities for the safe navigation of sailing vessels and tows:

Now, therefore, in pursuance of the authority conveyed by the aforesaid acts of Congress, the following regulations are prescribed to govern the movement of vessels in Ambrose Channel, New York Harbor:

1. The use of Ambrose Channel (formerly and before improvement called East Channel) is hereby restricted to navigation by vessels under efficient

1 See Appendix.

control with their own motive power, and not having barges or other vessels or floats in tow. Sailing vessels and vessels carrying tows are not permitted to use this channel.

2. Vessels permitted to use Ambrose Channel under section 1 of these regulations must proceed through the channel at a reasonable speed such as not to endanger other vessels and not to interfere with any work which may become necessary in maintaining, surveying, or buoying the channel; and they must not anchor in the channel, except in cases of emergency such as fog or accident which would render progress unsafe or impossible.

3. These regulations are not to be construed as prohibiting any necessary use of the channel by any Government boats while on Government duty, nor in emergencies by pilot boats whether steam or sail, nor by police boats.

4. These regulations shall remain in force until modified or rescinded, and shall supplant all prior regulations governing the use of Ambrose Channel, which are hereby revoked.

COENTIES REEF, EAST RIVER, N. Y.

Navigation regulations prescribed October 6, 1916 (E. D. 7733/289).

1

[The law Sec. 11 of act of Congress approved June 13, 1902.] 1

1. It being necessary in the interests of navigation to prevent interference with the operations under the United States in removing Coenties Reef, East River, N. Y., such portions of the waters over and immediately surrounding said reef as may from time to time be indicated by the district engineer officer are set aside and closed to general navigation during the progress of the operations thereon, and until the Secretary of War shall declare the whole area again open to navigation.

2. The area within which these operations will take place will be included within the following boundaries: Beginning at a point 200 feet south 33° 12′ east from the southwesterly corner of Pier 6, East River, and running thence south 12° 45' west, 350 feet; thence south 16° 52′ east, 267 feet; thence south 45° 10' east, 136 feet; thence north 78° 50' east, 282 feet; thence north 34° 29' east, 148 feet; thence north 1° 20′ west, 460 feet; thence north 52° 19' west, 320 feet; thence south 54° 18' west, 238 feet to the point of beginning.

3. The portion of the above-described area that is closed to navigation will be marked by suitable buoys, each carrying a red flag by day and a red light at night. The buoys will be moved from time to time as may be necessary.

4. All vessels and other water craft, except plant operated by the United States or by a contractor under the direction and supervision of the United States (and inspection boats of the United States), or of the city of New York, are forbidden to enter upon or pass through the portion of the area described when marked as above.

NEWTOWN CREEK, N. Y.

Bridge (highway) at Vernon Avenue, Long Island City, N. Y.-Regulations prescribed December 22, 1916 (E. D. 18029/112).

[The law Sec. 5 of act of Congress of August 18, 1894.] 1

The draw in the bridge across Newtown Creek, at Vernon Avenue, Long Island City, shall be opened promptly, upon reasonable signal, for the passage of boats

and other water craft, except, during week days, between the hours of 6.45 a. m. and 7 a. m., 7.45 a. m. and 8 a. m., 12 m. and 12.15 p. m., 12.45 p. m. and 1 p. m., 6 p. m. and 6.15 p. m., 6.45 p. m. and 7 p. m.

Bridge (highway) at Grand Street, New York City-Regulations prescribed February 25, 1984 (E. D. 28338/6).

1

[The law Sec. 5 of act of Congress of August 18, 1894.] 1

That the draw in the bridge across Newtown Creek at Grand Street shall be opened promptly upon reasonable signal for the passage of boats and other water craft, except between 12 m. and 12.15 p. m., and 12.45 p. m. and 1 p. m.

HELL GATE, EAST RIVER, N. Y.

Use, administration, and navigation during improvement operations-Regulations prescribed November 13, 1919 (E. D. 77248/221).

[The law-Sec. 7 of the act of Congress of August 8, 1917.] 1

1

1. For the purposes of these regulations, Hell Gate is defined to be that portion of East River, N. Y., between the bridge of the New York Connecting Railroad Co., on the north, and a line running from Hatter's Dock, Astoria, to Blackwell Island Light, and thence to the southerly end of Mill Rock, on the south.

2. All vessels and other water craft passing through Hell Gate shall give as wide a berth as practicable to any floating plant under operation therein for channel improvement, either by the United States or by any contractor under the authority and supervision of the United States, and shall in no case pass nearer to said plant than 100 feet.

3. All vessels and other water craft passing through Hell Gate shall slow down to half speed, or to a speed of not more than 6 knots in the case of a vessel whose full speed exceeds 12 knots. When running against the tide such speed in excess of 6 knots as may be necessary only for safe navigation past the aforesaid floating plant is permitted, at the risk of any such vessel exceeding a speed of 6 knots. The speed herein prescribed shall be the speed of the vessel through the water and not in relation to any shore mark or marks.

4. All tows made up of floats or barges for the transfer of railroad cars passing westbound or southbound through Hell Gate during the time between one hour after slack water of each low tide and two hours before slack water of the next succeeding high tide at Hell Gate, shall consist of but one such car float and one towboat, and during the said periods of time the passage through Hell Gate of westbound or southbound tows containing more than one car float, whether loaded or light, is prohibited.

5. The United States Engineer in charge of the improvement of East River, New York, is hereby authorized to declare these regulations suspended during such periods of time as there may be no floating plant operating in Hell Gate, and to declare them again in full force and effect upon notice of 24 hours posted as prescribed by the law.

6. Except as otherwise specified in these regulations, all vessels and other water craft approaching and passing floating plant operating in Hell Gate shall be governed by the regulations of August 18, 1916, for the display of signals on, and the operation of, dredges and other floating plant while at work in navigable waters of the United States.

1 See Appendix.