favors this bill only in so far as it deals with research work in American woods and not with foreign woods. The CHAIRMAN. We thank you very much, Mr. Oxholm. Mr. KELLOGG. We will hear from Mr. Herty, representing the Chemical Foundation. STATEMENT OF CHARLES H. HERTY, ADVISER OF THE CHEMICAL FOUNDATION Mr. HERTY. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, I speak for the foundation simply through its interest in development in every line of life, but particularly with reference to the naval-stores industry, which for many years I had opportunity to observe and had experience with while I was with the Forest Service. The naval stores, as you know, deal largely with the extracting of turpentine of the pine trees in the South, the slash pine and other pines from which turpentine can be extracted. The product of the tree is extracted for the manufacture of turpentine and resin. The operators have dealt in methods which were uniformly destructive of the forests. About 25 years ago, owing to the work of the Forest Service, the operators were led to improve their methods and follow a practice which was much less injurious to the trees. This was done by utilizing vessels instead of cutting a hole at the bottom of the tree. In the process of years they have been led to improve their method still further, so that they scarify the tree a little each week, thereby not injuring the tree and still producing much more turpentine. There are lines of investigation that we know little or nothing about in regard to this matter, and it is believed through this research which is proposed we may gain such knowledge of the functioning of these pine trees in this regard that we will do still less injury to the trees and yet be able to extract the turpentine and add millions of dollars of wealth to the country. The matter has been taken up with the Department of Agriculture. At the present time, with the slight funds at their disposal, they are not able to do very much. There is one person only working along that line, Miss Gerry, but we are hoping much from this bill. At the naval-stores convention in Savannah last week they passed very strong resolutions for the adoption of this bill. That convention was representative of the people engaged in this industry, and they hope from the adoption of this bill they may get the knowledge that will enable them to carry on their industry more scientifically. The CHAIRMAN. Thank you very much, Mr. Herty. Mr. KELLOGG. Is Mr. Gray here, representing the American Farm Bureau Federation? STATEMENT OF W. R. OGG, REPRESENTING THE AMERICAN FARM BUREAU FEDERATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. Mr. OGG. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, I am authorized to represent the American Farm Bureau Federation at this hearing. Mr. Chairman, the fact that approximately one-fourth of the area of this country is in timber, and of that area about one-third, I believe, is in small farm lots and small holdings, and practically 40 per cent of the lumber produced is utilized by the farmers, is evidence of the interest of the farmers in this particular question now being heard before this committee. And I am authorized to say, Mr. Chairman, on behalf of the Farm Bureau Federation that we heartily indorse this measure, and to call the attention of the committee to two resolutions adopted at the annual meeting of the American Farm Bureau Federation. The CHAIRMAN. Have you the resolutions? Mr. OGG. I have them here. The CHAIRMAN. You may place them in the record. (The resolutions presented by Mr. Ogg are as follows:) * Fundamental research by the United States Department of Agriculture, this to include research to extend industrial as distinguished from food uses of farm products. * ** Developing a more intensive national reforestation program, said program to be in cooperation with and a correlation of State programs to prevent erosion of soils, and to bring present marginal lands eventually back into profitable production, with more adequate fire protection for our great forested areas. Mr. OGG. There is no doubt but that this legislation carries out the intent of those resolutions, and we heartily indorse this program. The CHAIRMAN. We are very glad to have your statement, Mr. Ogg. Mr. KELLOGG. Mr. McFarland. STATEMENT OF J. M. MCFARLAND, PRESIDENT OF THE UTAH STATE HORSE GROWERS ASSOCIATION, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH Mr. MCFARLAND. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, my name is J. M. McFarland, Salt Lake City, Utah. I am president of the Utah State Horse Growers' Association. I did not know I was going to be called on to-day. But we are very much in the grazing proposition. We have in Utah something like 54,000,000 acres of ground, better than 70 per cent of it still in the public domain, about 8,800,000 acres in forest. We depend largely on our livestock for a livelihood. That brings in more money than all the rest of the farming together. And our great resources are being dissipated, and each year our losses are just a little greater. It is not only the forest, but it is the public domain, and we need some research work, and need it badly. Our little station, which is located in Ephraim in the basin, has done a splendid work with what funds they have had. We visited there last summer and every man went away ready to indorse the work they had done, because they had rehabilitated the range to the extent that where it took 7 acres to carry a cow a month, they had brought it back so that 212 acres would carry a cow a month. Now, the most wicked thing of all is the erosion. We have in the southern part of the State washes anywhere from 25 to 50 feet deep. And it has got so now that you would have to have a flying machine to get over the country. That is absolutely destroyed for grazing purposes. Hundreds of thousands of acres of fine ground is being destroyed. So we believe if we had funds enough to go ahead and investigate range management and to reestablish the range to bring it back, and also an investigation of the forest plants, it would be a great thing to the future of the State of Utah. 91312-28- -6 The CHAIRMAN. Thank you very much, Mr. McFarland. We are very glad to have an opinion from that angle of the proposition. Mr. KELLOGG. Mr. Burnham, of New York. STATEMENT OF JOHN B. BURNHAM, PRESIDENT AMERICAN GAME PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION, NEW YORK CITY Mr. BURNHAM. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, I just want to say that this association heartily indorses this bill. The CHAIRMAN. Thank you very much, Mr. Burnham. You were here a few days ago on the migratory bird bill? Mr. BURNHAM. Yes, sir. Mr. KELLOGG. Mr. Chairman, I shall have to go now. There are a number of gentlemen here who might care to make brief statements. The CHAIRMAN. We will take it for granted that everyone here is for the measure. If there is anyone here who would desire to furnish a statement in writing, we would be glad to have it inserted in the record. Mr. JULIAN E. ROTHERY. Mr. Chairman, I represent the International Paper Co., and I would like to file a statement, if I may. The CHAIRMAN. Very well; we will be glad to have it. STATEMENT SUBMITTED BY JULIAN E. ROTHERY, FOREST ENGINEER, INTERNATIONAL PATER Co., NEW YORK CITY The International Paper Co. is one of the largest forest owners in the Northeast and also in the South, as well as the largest producer of papers of different grades. The constantly increasing consumption of paper is forcing serious consideration of all questions touching the ownership and management of forest lands. Some of our mills are based on a plan of supplying them indefinitely from second-growth timber handled on a scientific forestry basis. Some of our production has been moved to points outside the United States, largely due to the question of pulp-wood supplies. The work of the Department of Agriculture in various lines has been of great value to this company, and is so broad in scope that it can only be handled by a national agency with adequate financial support. Such work and financial support is well outlined in this bill. I believe it will be to the benefit of the entire regions in which the International Paper Co. has interests, and to the country at large, if this bill is passed as given. Mr. SHIRLEY W. ALLEN. Mr. Chairman, I have a statement that I would be glad to have in the record. The CHAIRMAN. We will be glad to have it. You may insert it in the record. STATEMENT OF SHIRLEY W. ALLEN, FORESTER, THE AMERICAN FORESTRY ASSOCIATION Mr. ALLEN. I represent the American Forestry Association, which has 17,000 members scattered throughout all the States of the Union, and which is organized for the purpose of bringing about the fullest yield of products and benefits from the forest lands of this country. Our association has made a thorough study of S. 1183, and believes that its passage will bring about an efficient and orderly program of forest research. The need for research work in any great business undertaking, such as maintaining and reestablishing the forests of this country, admits of no argument. The rate at which such work should go forward, however, under our system of government depends on the wish of its people as expressed by Congress. We are particularly enthusiastic about this bill because it points the way of securing a greater return from the Federal dollar as spent for forestry. It is a wealth-producing and a dollar-stretching measure. It will bring about, among other things, a thorough study of forest protection, including fire prevention and the efficient combating of disease and insect injury to forests. The need for this type of research is a thing that is peculiarly evident to a group like the American Forestry Association, which continually meets the problem of public carelessness and public ignorance of the value of our forest resources. The first and most sensible move in a nationalforest program is thoroughly to protect and maintain the resources which we have left. That is why research along forest protection lines is urgent. As an organization we have also observed that forest research in this country is now handled in rather piecemeal fashion without a definite program and with no assurance of modest continuing financial support. Passage of this bill should correct this trouble. I wish to file at this time a copy of a resolution in favor of this measure which was adopted on the floor of the annual convention of the American Forestry Association at St. Louis on February 18, 1928, and to urge a favorable report of the bill. The American Forestry Association believes that the prompt and thorough working out of the many difficult problems in timber growing, economical utilization of mature timber, and profitable use of idle lands rests upon continuous forest research, adequately provided for by the Federal Government. Such a program would be authorized in the proposed organic forest research act known as the McSweeney-McNary bill (H. R. 6091 and S. 1183), which constitutes one of a series of basic acts outlining a comprehensive national forestry policy. The association therefore urges favorable action by Congress on the McSweeney-McNary bill, and requests the officers and members of the association to use every effort to insure its early passage. STATEMENT OF WILSON COMPTON, SECRETARY AND MANAGER OF THE NATIONAL LUMBER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. Mr. COMPTON. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, as secretary and manager, representing the National Lumber Manufacturers Association, I just want to record my appearance in behalf of this bill. All of the lumbermen are unanimously in favor of it, and indorse it very heartily. And as taxpayers, and as citizens of the country, we just want to say that we hope the bill will pass, and that this research work will be carried on. The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Mr. Compton. STATEMENT OF S. E. DANA, REPRESENTING THE SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS Mr. DANA. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, may I just record here the fact that the American Foresters are heartily in favor of this bill? The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Mr. Dana. STATEMENT OF LAWRENCE W. WALLACE, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY AMERICAN ENGINEERING COUNCIL, WASHINGTON, D. C. Mr. WALLACE. Mr. Chairman, I would like to have the privilege of just announcing that the American Engineering Council is very much in favor of this proposed measure, and if I can have the privilege I would like to insert in the record a letter to that effect. The CHAIRMAN. We would be very glad to have it. (The letter presented by Mr. Wallace is as follows:) Hon. CHARLES L. MCNARY, AMERICAN ENGINEERING COUNCIL, Washington, D. C., February 28, 1928. United States Senate, Washington, D. C. DEAR SIR: Fundamental research is the basic foundation of modern national life. That nation that does not rest its activity and sustenance on fundamental research is doomed to disappointment and loss of standing in this modern world. Without fundamental research there is no sound way of safeguarding the natural resources of a nation. In the struggle for existence and place natural resources are essential. This Nation has no greater natural resource than its timber supply, and there is no resource so lacking in application of research. Therefore the Senate bill 1183, which is designed to insure adequate supplies of timber and other forest products for the people of the United States through research in reforestation, timber growing, protection, utilization, forest economics, and related subjects, is of paramount timeliness and merit. It should not be surprising, therefore, that engineers who are great users of timber and who understand and appreciate the value of fundamental research are, in so far as we are aware, a unit in support of Senate bill 1183. Particularly do I wish to be recorded in the minutes of the hearings that American Engineering Council, representing some 43,000 engineers, earnestly urges the early passage of this bill. We do this in full appreciation of the merits of the bil itself and in recognition of the fact that it is one of a series of bills designed to develop and perpetuate for the benefit of the people of the United States one of their most valuable resources. Respectfully submitted. L. W. WALLACE, Executive Secretary. The CHAIRMAN. I have here a statement just handed to me from the Chamber of Commerce of the United States, an indorsement of this measure. That, together with many other resolutions, telegrams, and letters of indorsement, will be placed in the record. (The statements, resolutions, telegrams, and letters of indorsement are printed in full, as follows:) AMERICAN FARM BUREAU FEDERATION, Hon. CHARLES L. MCNARY, Senate Office Building, Washington, D. C. MY DEAR SENATOR MCNARY: Now that the Senate Committee on Agriculture has acted favorably in regard to S. 1181, a bill authorizing an appropriation to carry out the provisions of the so-called McNary-Clark act, it is very desirable that similar action be taken in regard to S. 1183, a bill to insure adequate supplies of timber, etc. This latter measure, the so-called McNary-McSweeney |