OTHER INTERESTED AGENCIES

Accordingly, in this matter I am speaking, therefore, on behalf of the Atomic Energy Commission, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce, the Department of the Interior, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, and the Smithsonian Institution as well as the National Science Foundation.

The amounts proposed for the National Science Foundation in the material before you are to be used to meet the needs for translation of scientific material not otherwise provided for by the other executive agencies. The Foundation's interest, therefore, is to assure that the foreign currencies made available by this legislation are broadly used to insure their optimum usefulness in the Nation's scientific effort.

TOTAL REQUEST

The National Science Foundation is submitting this request for $2 million with which to utilize foreign currencies which have accrued to the United States from the sale of surplus agricultural products. These currencies are available for the purposes of this act in the following countries: Poland, Spain, Yugoslavia, Brazil, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Israel, and Pakistan. A more detailed breakdown is submitted in the justification before you. Availability of these funds will enable us to supplement the translation programs conducted within the United States. Materials to be translated under this program will be selected by competent research scientists on the basis of the potential contribution to scientific knowledge in the various fields of research. On behalf of the Federal agencies, we expect to arrange with appropriate foreign nonprofit scientific institutions for translations of scientific monographs, recent back files of basic scientific journals, patent specifications, and reports of scientific symposia, as well as for the initial publication in the English language of scientific publications appearing in these countries.

The Foundation has acquired considerable experience in the administration of our Public Law 480 program in fiscal year 1959 for which the Congress appropriated $1,200,000. We believe that the present increase is necessary in terms of American scientific needs, and practicable in terms of oversea translation potential.

Our experience with the conduct of this program in 1959 has been gratifying indeed. First, we have met with interest, cooperation, and even enthusiasm on the part of the foreign governments and foreign scientific agencies concerned with the problem of communication of scientific publications. Generally speaking, these governments are glad to have their national contribution to world science more widely recognized by publication in English. As a case in point, the Polish Academy of Science already, by policy, issues a limited number of its basic research journals in English in order to communicate to Western science. The academy is anxious to increase the volume of its communication in English and has welcomed this program. The Department of State and the International Cooperation Administration have given us full cooperation and assistance in establishing this

program.

Using the funds made available to us in fiscal year 1959, we now have a contract in Israel under which the Israel Foundation trustees are actively producing translations. An agreement with the Polish Central Institute for Scientific Documentation under which translations will be provided us is nearly completed. We have conducted preliminary negotiations in Yugoslavia, and expect to establish a translation contract there this summer. From Israel and Poland alone we anticipate receiving 33,000 pages of translated material, or enough to fill 66 volumes of scientific journals of an average of 500 pages each.

It is expected that a maximum of 1,000 copies of these translated materials be distributed to Federal agencies and to the research library depositories which they designate. Where appropriate, arrangements will be made to have additional copies offered for sale. Through this distribution mechanism, we expect to achieve maximum circularization of the material among the groups of the scientific community most directly interested.

In conclusion, I should like to state that the proposed arrangements for effectively and economically administering this provision of Public Law 480 should provide American scientists with important and timely information concerning research carried on abroad and will thus assist in avoiding unnecessary duplication of research.

We have already had instances where reports translated into English of foreign research have enabled us to stop research which we would otherwise have undertaken unnecessarily.

IMPROVING INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION

Further, I believe that programs developed for improving international communication in the sciences constitute an imaginative and productive use of these foreign currencies which have accrued overseas to the credit of the United States. With this broader base of information, it is inevitable that American scientists will approach their research tasks better informed; without this we run the risk of American scientists being unnecessarily limited in their knowledge of the significant advances of their scientific colleagues in other countries. Chairman HAYDEN. It is quite evident from your statement that good advantage can be taken from the use of these currencies. Dr. WATERMAN. Yes, sir; we believe so.

Senator MCGEE. Was this testimony given to the House?

Dr. WATERMAN. No. This is the first occasion we have had. Senator MCGEE. Has there been no opportunity accorded by the subcommittee of the House Appropriations Committee to give this testimony?

Dr. WATERMAN. Not that I am aware of.

Mr. LUTON. No, sir.

Chairman HAYDEN. You have previously testified, I believe, both before the Senate and the House on foreign currencies.

AVAILABILITY OF FOREIGN CURRENCIES

Dr. WATERMAN. It is a continued program, yes, sir. It was approved last year, in the amount of $1,200,000.

Senator MCGEE. Suppose you initiate certain programs and run out of foreign currencies?

43227-59-26

Dr. WATERMAN. We could only do it to the extent that money is available, and we were given that figure by the Bureau of the Budget in accordance with Mr. Staats' testimony.

Senator MCGEE. You would have to come back and ask for some hard dollars, then?

Dr. WATERMAN. If the money ran out.

Chairman HAYDEN. As I understand your testimony, you have taken this matter up in counrties where we do have ample supplies of foreign currencies.

Dr. WATERMAN. Two things are important, I believe. One is that the money is available, and second that the translations are worthwhile.

Chairman HAYDEN. You should not spend even foreign currency on something that is not worthwhile, but where the translation is worthwhile and is available to us, as I understand it, you have investigated and looked into those particular countries where foreign currency is now available.

Dr. WATERMAN. Yes, sir. Our budget officer might reply to that earlier question.

BUDGETARY CONTROL

Mr. SCHOEN. I think in connection with the question previously asked, we have, in 1959, $1,200,000 available that was appropriated to the President for the science information program. We are con

ducting our current activities within that amount. We are given an an allocation of foreign currencies in certain countries, and then we negotiate with these countries within the limitations of that specific amount; so that we do have budgetary control at all times.

This program will not be initiated unless we are appropriated this money; so that our action to initiate a program in a given country does not take place until we have the funds available.

PRESENTATION OF PROGRAM TO HOUSE COMMITTEE

Senator MCGEE. This may be a very wise program, Mr. Chairman, but it seems to me that the conferees of the Senate are placed at a very great disadvantage when we meet with the conferrees of the House on items that are in disagreement between the two Houses, where the testimony has not been presented to the House committee. Chairman HAYDEN. Unfortunately, that happens once in a while. Mr. LUTON. Mr. Chairman, I think I should explain at the time we presented our fiscal year 1960 budget and had our hearings before the House, the materials on foreign currencies were not available. That is, this material had not been prepared and was not ready for submission. And it has only been recently that the work has been completed so that this presentation could be made.

COMMITTEE RECESS

Chairman HAYDEN. We thank you, Doctor.

The committee will stand in recess until 10 o'clock Monday morning. (Whereupon, at 12 o'clock noon, Friday, July 17, 1959, the committee was recessed until 10 a.m., Monday, July 20, 1959.)

SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1960

MONDAY, JULY 20, 1959

U.S. SENATE,

COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS,

Washington, D.C.

The committee met at 10:30 a.m. pursuant to recess, in room 1224, New Senate Office Building, Hon. Carl Hayden (chairman) presiding. Present: Chairman Hayden, Senators Robertson, Monroney, Bible, and Dworshak.

Also present: Senator Murray.

GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION

MANGANESE CARLOT PROGRAM

STATEMENT OF HON. JAMES E. MURRAY, A U.S. SENATOR from THE STATE OF MONTANA

GENERAL STATEMENT

Chairman HAYDEN. The committee will be in order.
We will be pleased to hear from you, Senator Murray.

Senator MURRAY. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I am grateful for this opportunity to make a short statement in support of the request of Senator Mansfield and myself for an appropriation of $23 million with which to continue the carlot manganese program to the extent of an additional 10 million units. It is expected that this number of units will permit the program to run until the legal expiration date of the program, January 1, 1961.

If this appropriation is not granted the manganese industry will follow tungsten, chrome and other segments of our domestic mining industry down the drain.

The General Services Administration has decreed that the program must close August 5 and, unless it is continued, all the domestic mines will have to close down, due to the competition of cheap foreign manganese. Although manganese operations are widely scattered around the country, including the Southern States, Arizona and my State of Montana will be the hardest hit, with hundreds of men thrown out of work and millions of dollars in capital investment lost.

EFFECT OF CLOSING OF DOMESTIC MANGANESE MINES

Montana manganese production centers around Butte and Phillipsburg. The unemployment distress in the Butte area is well known and the closing of the manganese mines will further accentuate it.

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LOAN TO DEVELOP MANGANESE MINES IN AFRICA

I should like to point out that while the western Senators are begging for a mere $23 million with which to save our entire domestic manganese industry, the World Bank has just loaned $35 million to develop manganese in an obscure area in French Equatorial Africa, Should we not do as much at home?

Now, I would like to introduce to the committee Mr. J. Carson Adkerson, president of the American Manganese Producers Association, who will not only testify for the entire domestic industry, but who will represent the Montana congressional delegation, Senator Mansfield, Representatives Metcalf, Anderson, and myself.

Mr. Adkerson has been testifing before congressional committees on the subject of manganese for about 25 years, and must be recognized as the most outstanding expert on the subject. Mr. Chairman, may I present Mr. Adkerson?

AMERICAN MANGANESE PRODUCERS ASSOCIATION

STATEMENT OF J. CARSON ADKERSON, PRESIDENT,
WOODSTOCK, VA.

GENERAL STATEMENT

Mr. ADKERSON. Thank you, Senator Murray. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, my name is J. Carson Adkerson, Woodstock, Va. I appear as president of the American Manganese Producers Association and for myself as an individual operator in manganese.

I want to express my appreciation to the committee for the opportunity of appearing before you. This is my first appearance before the Appropriations Committee. It has been my pleasure to appear before other committees of Congress over a long period of time.

The American Manganese Producers Association was organized in 1927 and is composed of manganese producers in the United States. Its purpose is to aid and encourage the production, beneficiation and use of domestic manganese bearing ores. Manganese is in a category all its own. It is used in the manufacture of steel. We use 14 pounds of manganese in a ton, but without that 14 pounds we could have no steel. The steel mills would close.

We consume an average of more than 2 million short tons of manganese ore a year. We now produce about 15 percent of our needs, or about 325,000 short tons a year and we import over 2 million tons

a year.

Our consumption at times will run as high as 2,400,000 short tons a year and our production is about 15 percent of our needs.

SOURCE OF IMPORTED ORES

The ores that are imported come from India, Africa, and Brazil and other sources. Most are long sea hauls which, in an emergency, can be cut off overnight.

Mr. Ankeny, the Director of the Bureau of Mines, appeared before the House Appropriations Committee for 1958, and testified thatmanganese is perhaps the most critical of all strategic materials. Steel in quantity cannot be made without it, and yet the United States normally must import over 90 percent of our needs.