7. Corner Drop-A free drop onto each corner of the package in succession, or in the case of a cylindrical package onto each quarter of each rim, from a height of 1 foot onto a flat essentially unyielding horizontal surface. This test applies only to packages which are constructed primarily of wood or fiberboard, and do not exceed 110 pounds gross weight, and to all Fissile Class II packagings.

8. Penetration-Impact of the hemispherical end of a vertical steel cylinder 11⁄4 inches in diameter and weighing 13 pounds, dropped from a height of 40 inches onto the exposed surface of the package which is expected to be most vulnerable to puncture. The long axis of the cylinder shall be perpendicular to the package surface.

9. Compression-For packages not exceeding 10,000 pounds in weight, a compressive load equal to either 5 times the weight of the package or 2 pounds per square inch multiplied by the maximum horizontal cross section of the package, whichever is greater. The load shall be applied during a period of 24 hours, uniformly against the top and bottom of the package in the position in which the package would normally be transported. [31 F.R. 9941, July 22, 1966, as amended at 33 F.R. 17623, Nov. 26, 1968]

APPENDIX B-HYPOTHETICAL ACCIDENT
CONDITIONS

The following hypothetical accident conditions are to be applied sequentially, in the order indicated, to determine their cumulative effect on a package or array of packages.

1. Free Drop-A free drop through a distance of 30 feet onto a flat essentially unyielding horizontal surface, striking the surface in a position for which maximum damage is expected.

2. Puncture-A free drop through a distance of 40 inches striking, in a position for which maximum damage is expected, the top end of a vertical cylindrical mild steel bar mounted on an essentially unyielding horizontal surface. The bar shall be 6 inches in diameter, with the top horizontal and its edge rounded to a radius of not more than one-quarter inch, and of such a length as to cause maximum damage to the package, but not less than 8 inches long. The long axis of the bar shall be perpendicular to the unyielding horizontal surface.

3. Thermal Exposure to a thermal test in which the heat input to the package is not

less than that which would result from exposure of the whole package to a radiation environment of 1,475° F. for 30 minutes with an emissivity coefficient of 0.9, assuming the surfaces of the package have an absorption coefficient of 0.8. The package shall not be cooled artificially until 3 hours after the test period unless it can be shown that the temperature on the inside of the package has begun to fall in less than 8 hours.

4. Water Immersion (fissile material packages only)-Immersion in water to the extent that all portions of the package to be tested are under at least 3 feet of water for a period of not less than 8 hours.

[31 FR 9941, July 22, 1966, as amended at 33 FR 17623, Nov. 26, 1968]

APPENDIX D-TESTS FOR SPECIAL FORM
LICENSED MATERIAL

1. Free Drop-A free drop through a distance of 30 feet onto a flat essentially unyielding horizontal surface, striking the surface in such a position as to suffer maximum damage.

2. Percussion-Impact of the flat circular end of a 1 inch diameter steel rod weighing 3 pounds, dropped through a distance of 40 inches. The capsule or material shall be placed on a sheet of lead, of hardness number 3.5 to 45 on the Vickers scale, and not more than 1 inch thick, supported by a smooth essentially unyielding surface.

3. Heating-Heating in air to a tempera ture of 1,475° F. and remaining at that tem perature for a period of 10 minutes.

4. Immersion-Immersion for 24 hours in water at room temperature. The water shall be at pH 6-pH 8, with a maximum conductivity of 10 micromhos per centimeter. [31 F.R. 9941, July 22, 1966, as amended at 33 F.R. 17624, Nov. 26, 1968]

NOTE: The record keeping and reporting requirements contained in this part have been approved by the Bureau of the Budget in accordance with the Federal Reports Act of 1942.

PART 73-PHYSICAL PROTECTION OF PLANTS AND MATERIALS

GENERAL PROVISIONS

U 234.

II

Sec.

73.1

U 236.

II

Purpose and scope.

(a) Purpose. This part prescribes requirements for physical protection of special nuclear material at fixed sites and in transit and of plants in which special nuclear material is used, for the purpose of protection against acts of industrial sabotage and protection of special nuclear material against theft by establishment and maintenance of a physical protection system of: (1) Protective barriers and intrusion detection devices at fixed sites to provide early detection of an attack, (2) deterrence to attack by means of armed guards and escorts, and (3) liaison and communication with law enforcement authorities capable of rendering assistance counter such attacks.

to

(b) Scope. (1) This part prescribes requirements for (i) the physical protection of production and utilization facilities licensed pursuant to Part 50 of this chapter; (ii) the physical protection of plants in which activities licensed pursuant to Part 70 of this chapter are conducted, and the physical protection of special nuclear material, by any person who pursuant to the regulations in Part 70 of this chapter possesses or uses at any site or contiguous sites subject to control by the licensee, uranium-235 (contained in uranium enriched to 20 percent or more in the U-235 isotope), uranium-233, or plutonium alone or in any combination in a quantity of 5,000 grams or more computed by the formula, grams (grams contained U-235) +2.5 (grams U-233+grams plutonium).

(2) This part prescribes requirements for the physical protection of special nuclear material in transportation by any person who is licensed pursuant to the regulations in Part 70 of this chapter 1 who imports, exports, transports, delivers to a carrier for transport in a single

90-048 0-77-26

shipment, or takes delivery of a single shipment free on board at the point where it is delivered to a carrier, either uranium-235 (contained in uranium enriched to 20 percent or more in the U-235 isotope), uranium-233, or plutonium, or any combination of these materials, which is 5,000 grams or more computed by the formula, grams (grams contained U-235) +2.5 (grams U-233+grams plutonium).

(3) This part also applies to shipments by air of special nuclear material in quantities exceeding (i) 20 grams or 20 curies, whichever is less, of plutonium or uranium-233, or (ii) 350 grams of uranium-235 (contained in uranium enriched to 20 percent or more in the U-235 isotope).

(4) Special nuclear material subject to this part may also be protected pursuant to security procedures prescribed by the Commission or another Government agency for the protection of classified materials. The provisions and requirements of this part are in addition to, and not in substitution for, any such security procedures. Compliance with the requirements of this part does not relieve any licensee from any requirement or obligation to protect special nuclear material pursuant to security procedures prescribed by the Commission or other Government agency for the protection of classified materials.

[38 FR 35430, Dec. 28, 1973; 39 FR 2352, Jan. 21, 1974]

(a) Terms defined in Parts 50 and 70 of this chapter have the same meaning when used in this part.

(b) "Authorized individual" means any individual, including an employee, a consultant, or an agent of a licensee, who has been designated in writing by a licensee to have responsibility for surveillance of special nuclear material.

(c) "Guard" means a uniformed individual armed with a firearm whose primory duty is the protection of special nuclear material against theft and/or the protection of a plant against industrial sabotage.

(d) "Watchman" means an individual, not necessarily uniformed or armed with a firearm, who provides protection for a plant and the special nuclear material therein in the course of performing other duties.

(e) "Continuous visual surveillance" means unobstructed view at all times of a shipment of special nuclear material, and of all access to a temporary storage area or cargo compartment containing the shipment.

(f) "Physical barrier" means

(1) Fences constructed of No. 11 American wire gauge, or heavier wire fabric, topped by three strands or more of barbed wire or similar material on brackets angled outward between 30° and 45° from the vertical, with an overall height of not less than eight feet, including the barbed topping.

of

(2) Building walls constructed stone, brick, cinder block, concrete, steel or comparable materials (openings in which are secured by grates, doors, or covers of construction and fastening of sufficient strength such that the integrity of the wall is not lessened by any opening), or walls of similar construction, not part of a building, provided with a barbed topping described in paragraph (f) (1) of this section of a height of not less than 8 feet.

(3) Ceilings and floors constructed to offer resistance to penetration equivalent to that of building walls described in paragraph (f) (2) of this section.

(g) "Protected area" means an area encompassed by physical barriers and to which access is controlled.

(h) "Vital area" means any area which contains vital equipment within a structure, the walls, roof, and floor of which constitute physical barriers of construction at least as substantial as walls as described in paragraph (f) (2) of this section.

(i) "Vital equipment" means any equipment, system, device, or material, the failure, destruction, or release of which could directly or indirectly endanger the public health and safety by exposure to radiation. Equipment or systems which would be required to function to protect public health and safety following such failure, destruction, or release are also considered to be vital.

(j) "Material access area" means any location which contains special nuclear material, within a vault or a building, the roof, walls, and floor of which each constitute a physical barrier.

(k) "Isolation zone" means any area, clear of all objects which could conceal or shield an individual, adjacent to a physical barrier, which is monitored to detect the presence of individuals or vehicles within that area.

(1) "Intrusion alarm” means a tamper indicating electrical, electromechanical, electrooptical, electronic or similar device which will detect intrusion by an individual into a building, protected area. vital area, or material access area, and alert guards or watchmen by means of actuated visible and audible signals.

(m) "Lock" in the case of vaults or vault type rooms means a three-position, manipulation resistant, dial type, built-in combination lock or combination padlock and in the case of fences, walls, and buildings means an integral door lock or padlock which provides protection equivalent to a six-tumbler cylinder lock. "Lock" in the case of a vault or vault type room also means any manipulation resistant, electromechanical device which provides the same function as a built-in combination lock or combination padlock, which can be operated remotely or by the "reading" or insertion of infor mation, which can be uniquely charac terized, and which allows operation of the device. "Locked" means protected by an operable lock.

(n) "Vault" means a burglar-resistant windowless enclosure with walls, floor and roof of: (1) Steel at least one-half inch thick, (2) reinforced concrete or stone at least 8 inches thick, (3) nonreinforced concrete or stone at least 12 inches thick, or (4) monolithic floor or roof construction of equivalent resistance to entry, with a built-in lock in a steel door at least 1 inch thick, exclusive of the locking mechanism.

(o) "Vault-type room" means a room with one or more doors, all capable of being locked, protected by an intrusion alarm which creates an alarm upon the entry of a person anywhere into the room and upon exit from the room or upon movement of an individual within the room.

(p) "Industrial sabotage" means any deliberate act directed against a plant in which an activity licensed pursuant to the regulations in this chapter is conducted, or to any component of such a plant, which could directly or indirectly endanger the public health and safety by exposure to radiation, other than such acts by an enemy of the United States, whether foreign government or other person.

(q) "ERDA" means the Energy Research and Development Administration or its duly authorized representatives.