in 1983, when we celebrate the climax of the Revolution, with the signing of the Treaty in Paris.

My other area of disagreement is the elimination of the $45,000 a year grant from the Federal Government to the States. This money was important. Not so much the amount of money, but the connection it made between the States and the overall Federal group. It made me feel responsible. It made me feel I was a part of what was happning all over the Nation.

Those are the two points, Senator, that Senator Mathias and I agreed on, but Senator Mathias said them much better than I did. But I do believe that those are two of the areas that your committee will want to reconsider.

If I may, I would like to close my remarks with some thoughts which I believe are very important-and yet probably have no direct connection with this particular legislation.

For all the constructive, worthwhile, and lasting projects which will be done in the name of the Bicentennial, there is one area which is and which will remain unique to this celebration.

One hundred years ago, when we celebrated our Centennial, we did not think about preservation. It was the last thing in our minds. We were still living in and working in the places which are today so historic and interesting.

Only in these last few years as we see one important landmark disappear after another, due to progress, did some few people start to worry to do something about it.

Only recently did Maryland establish the Maryland Historic Trust to retain and restore the visual historic heritage we were about to lose.

If during our centennial celebration, there was nothing to preserve at the celebration of our tricentennial, there will be nothing left to preserve.

If you think we've seen change in the last 25 years, try to imagine our country our cities, 100 years from now.

The environment that man has created has built within it a mechanism of self-destruction, neglect, abuse, pollution, and even normal weathering have exacted a heavy toll. The famed obelisk in New York's Central Park-the well-known Cleopatra's needle-has suffered more damage from the effects of environment in the past 10 years than in all the several hundreds of centuries preceding it.

A climate for preservation and restoration sensitive to the needs and requirements of our preservation problems must be established here in the United States. From my work at Unesco I have found even the poorest of countries have recognized that they cannot continue to exist if they amputate the past.

The celebration of our bicentennial anniversary stirs the imagination with vision and ideas. But the priority for the bicentennial must be preservation. We won't get the chance again.

If Congress wants to give America a birthday present, I hope it will be the thought and effort which must be given to the proper legislation which will recognize the worth of preserving and restoring our historic and beautiful past.

Senator HRUSKA. Thank you very much. How large is your State Commission, Miss Gore?

Miss GORE. We have 15 members.
Senator HRUSKA. Fifteen members.
Miss GORE. Fifteen members.

Senator HRUSKA. And it is a pretty well representative of the various parts of the State?

Miss ĜORE. Yes.

Senator HRUSKA. You meet once every 3 months?

Miss GORE. No, we meet once a month.

Senator HRUSKA. Once a month.

Miss GORE. Actually, because we were a little late in getting started. I am sure many States were in the same position. We meet much more often than that, and the fact is, I would say at least one or two members of my Commission I meet with every day, doing some part of our work.

Senator HRUSKA. Have you a full-time secretary for the Commission?

Miss GORE. We have had a staff of one acting director, who I shared with three other State agencies, and assistant, two secretaries. I am sure that when I go before the legislature this coming year, I will be able to improve on that.

Senator HRUSKA. Have you had contact with other State Commissions in your adjoining areas?

Miss GORE. Yes, due to the headquarters here in Washington, we have had meetings with our neighboring States, Pennsylvania, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Virginia, and West Virginia, and it is very important, it means a great deal to us. We meet and talk about our plans, and it sort of encourages us to do better if you are listening to someone else who is doing better than you are. It makes you work harder, and I think those things are valuable Senator HRUSKA. You have rendered us a very good report. Miss GORE. I think every one is looking forward to this being done, as well as possible, and there is no end to the people who want to help you. If you can accept their help and use it and use it wisely, and that takes great coordination, and it takes the help of being a part of something. We cannot say by ourselves one State here and one State here and one State over there. It's only the Office here in Washington that can bring us all together, and make us do our job with cooperation and coordination and make it right, because the people who come to visit us are going to go from one State to another. There are many projects that are only for Maryland. For instance, our educational program which, if we do nothing else, will be the best contribution we can make because we foundit had never come to our minds except for the interest in the bicentennial, that we became aware that all of the new subjects that had to be taught, all of the additions to old subjects that we now have to teach, that we weren't teaching enough history, and we were not teaching the history of Maryland, and because we are a very transient State, most of our teachers weren't even from Maryland, and first of all, we are going to have to teach the teachers before the teachers can teach the students the history of Maryland. That is one of the best projects we are going to do. The other projects will be in relationship to other States. It will be handling the traffic of people, the taking care of people, the tourists are set up

so they see the type of things they are particularly interested in, whether it be historic or recreational or whatever their particular interest is. So there is a great deal of work that has to be done that can only be done through working with the group here in Washington and that is why this bill is so important that it get finished and becomes a reality as soon as possible.

Senator HRUSKA. Thank you very much. You have given us a touch of the field work here, and that is what we need..

Miss GORE. Thank you.

Senator HRUSKA. We have one other statement from Senator Kennedy that we will include in the record at this point. (The statement of Senator Kennedy follows:)

STATEMENT OF SENATOR EDWARD M. KENNEDY

Mr. Chairman, I want to thank the distinguished Chairman of this Subcommittee for the opportunity to comment once again on legislation to establish the American Revolution Bicentennial Administration. There will be testimony during this hearing from other witnesses on the organizational aspects of this new agency, and hopefully the Congress will act quickly to approve the establishment of an administration which will be responsive to the needs of the national program for commemorating our 200th anniversary. For seven years we have been struggling to find a national organization and a national program to celebrate the Bicentennial. A billion dollar Bicentennial Park plan and a billion and half dollar Expo in Philadelphia have been rejected. Hearings in both the House and Senate and debate in the Congress has thoroughly reviewed the problems of the existing commission. The Congress now has the opportunity to act on H.R. 7446 which holds out real hope that the organizational difficulties at the national level are at an end and that we can move forward quickly with so little time left.

It is ironic that what should have been an exciting decade of planning and programming has been so far a discouraging and depressing enterprise for those who care the most about the direction of the Bicentennial celebration, those who have worked the hardest to achieve a sensible and maningful plan— the commissioners back in our states.

Seven years after we began this venture, we can claim only that each state has a bicentennial commission and that they each received $90,000 in seed money. It is clearly the thrust of the bill we discuss today, and it is clearly the intent of the Congress, and it clearly makes a great deal of sense to let each state decide for itself how our 200th birthday will be celebrated.

In the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, where the American Revolution began, we are fortunate to have a dedicated and energetic state commission under the direction of Richard Barringer and an innovative and committed agency of the City of Boston under the direction of Kathy Kane. These groups work closely together and in cooperation with their elected representatives at all levels of government.

It would be hard to imagine these concerned citizens are not discouraged at this late date. The Bicentennial begins in Massachusetts in 1975. The American Revolution began on April 19, 1775 at Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts. We have 21 months left in Massachusetts to be ready for the expected visitor increase of at least 20 per cent. Already, long-range or complex plans have been put aside because it is too late.

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the City of Boston are not planning a carnival or fair. They simply want to be able to welcome the hundreds of thousands of visitors to Lexington and Concord and Faneuil Hall and the Old North Church and all of the other sites familiar to all Americans from our history books. That welcome would be assured if these sites, and landmarks, and historic parks were in a sensitive program of restoration and preservation.

It is very discouraging for the citizens of Massachusetts who receive no encouragement that funds will be available from the departments and agencies of the Federal Government which have received appropriations for Bicentennial activities. It must be the job of this Congress to establish not

only a viable national bicentennial administration, but an equitable, sensible and economically feasible program of aid to the states.

In the House of Representatives an amendment was proposed to provide $490 million for grants to the states. That proposal was defeated both by those who felt the amount was exorbitant and those who felt the allocations were inequitable. Some states with no expectation of significant visible impact would have received more than the centers of Revolutionary War history. I will offer an amendment to H.R. 7446 when it is considered by the full Judiciary Committee which I am hopeful the distinguished members of this Subcommittee will support. The amendment I will offer recognizes the need for funding to all 50 states, as well as the special needs of states such as Massachusetts that will be impacted by visitor increase.

The base level of funding to the states will be through matching grants not to exceed $400,000 per state. While the maximum cost could reach $20 million, the realistic total will be approximately $8 million. Only four states have appropriated $400,000 for their bicentennial-Pennsylvania, Virginia, New Jersey, and Massachusetts ($415,000). This appropriation assures that each state may choose its own level of bicentennial effort and its own type of celebration, and it assures that every state in the Union can participate in the anniversary.

The second level of appropriation will be based on an impact formula to provide funding for those states which are home to the historic landmarks of the American Revolution and which can expect visits from thousands of American families.

This impact can be measured with the expert knowledge of the U.S. Travel Service and the Department of the Interior. My amendment will prepose that $150,000 be appropriated for a study by the U.S. Travey Agency on projected visitor increases to be completed within 90 days of enactment. The Department of the Interior will be asked to compile a list of Revolutionary War sites based on their available data from National Historic Site and National Historic Landmark lists and communications from state historical commission on additional Revolutionary War sites not federally designated. This study, too, can be completed within 90 days of enactment as most of the information is on record at the Department of the Interior and contacts for additional sites will involve only 13 states.

When this information has been compiled from the U.S. Travel Service and the Department of the Interior, appropriations of $20 million may be proportioned equitably. Those states which are compelled to provide accommodations, essential health and police services and visitor information centers for enormous numbers of tourists will have the necessary funds to do so. Those states which are anxious to provide safe, comfortable, and attractive historic landmarks will have these desperately needed funds.

Mr. Chairman-the total cost of the amendment I will offer in Committee will be under $30 million. It meets the criteria of fiscal responsibility and sound statistical reality. It is, I believe an appropriation the Congress can accept and one which will be based on hard data.

Time is running out for states such as Massachusetts. Too much time has already been wasted. The citizens of Massachusetts, the descendants of these colonists who began the fight for freedom, are anxious to implement a program which in the final analysis will benefit all Americans. I urge that you support such a program.

STATEMENT OF HON. JAMES R. MANN

Mr. Chairman, I am appreciative of the opportunity you and the other members of the Subcommittee on Federal Charters, Holidays, and Celebrations have afforded me to present my views on legislation establishing the American Revolution Bicentennial Administration. The bill, H.R. 7446, which is before your Subcommittee for consideration, passed the House of Representatives on June 7, 1973, and is the product of much work and careful study. Two days of hearings were held by the Subcommittee on Claims and Governmental Relations of the House Judiciary Committee, the Subcommittee on which I serve, and there were extensive discussion within the Subcommittee on the organizational structure of the federal agency to be responsible for proceeding with a proper celebration of the American Revolution Bicentennial. I

feel that the bill which emerged from the House Committee and which was approved on the Floor of the House without any significant amendments is basically a good bill and a bill with which I am pleased to be identified. I do feel, however, that a relatively minor change in the approach taken by H.R. 7446 with reference to the program of grants in aid would significantly improve the bill and make the Bicentennial Celebration more responsive to the will of Congress. Section 9 of the House-passed version of this legislation authorizes the Administrator to use only non-appropriated funds for grants in aid. By restricting these grants to such non-appropriated funds, the bill unnecessarily prohibits the use of any unexpended appropriated funds, which might become available, for the grant program. In addition, if this restriction is retained in the Act which becomes Public Law, Congress will have deprived itself of an option which it might have chosen to exercise at some later date; namely, that of appropriating funds for grants in aid. Amendatory legislation could, of course, be enacted in the future to accomplish this purpose, but as my colleagues in the Congress know, the enactment of legislation is usually a time-consuming and cumbersome process. The possibility that such action would be necessitated could be easily avoided by a relatively minor change in the language of the bill presently pending in your Subcommittee.

The restriction contained in Section 9 of H.R. 7446 serves no essential purpose and could be negated by authorizing the Administrator to use appropriated as well as non-appropriated funds for grants. This change would not necessarily affect the appropriations for the American Revolution Bicentennial Administration since it neither commits nor restricts the Congress in appropriating funds for grants in aid. It would, however, provide Congress with discretionary authority in this area in the event that a different approach to the grant program should become desirable or necessary before the Administration is terminated on June 30, 1977. In that connection it should be noted that we are establishing a new organization, which will undoubtedly have new leadership and new personnel, and we can expect new and valuable ideas to emerge from this organization. Such may include a different or expanded program of grants in aid. The Congress should not unnecessarily tie its hands in this regard.

I would encourage the Subcommittee on Federal Charters, Holidays, and Celebrations to eliminate the restrictive language relative to grants in aid contained in Section 9 of H.R. 7446.

STATEMENT OF GLENNIS PARKER

I am Glennis Parker, executive director of the Arkansas American Revolution Bicentennial Celebration. Although I have mailed letters stating my opinions on H.R. 7446 to Senator McClellan, I welcome the opportunity to express these views in person.

The original $45,000 federal grant to each state made it possible to implement the Bicentennial program in Arkansas in 1972. The General Assembly of 1971 passed a resolution requesting that the governor appoint a ninemember "American Bicentennial Celebration Committee for the State of Arkansas." The committee was directed to "make plans for Arkansas' participation in and activities in relation to the bicentennial celebration of the formation of the United States of America."

The members who were appointed by Governor Dale Bumpers represent an excellent cross-section of occupations, professions, and interests, as well as different sections of the state. Two members were added by the General Assembly of 1973.

Our Bicentennial program has received a warm reaction throughout the state. Since we have not had a large budget for projects, grants, programs, etc., planning has originated on the local level according to area interests and available resources. Our goal is a people-oriented, people-participation celebration. In striving to reach this goal, excellent support has come from local, county, state and federal governmental agencies; the departments of education; local, county and state historical groups, the news media, civic and women's groups, and the General Assembly.