ART. 404. Return of income of nonresident alien.-A nonresident alien individual shall make or have made a full and accurate return on Form 1040 B of his income received from sources within the United States, regardless of amount, unless the tax on such income has been fully paid at the source. See section 217 of the statute and articles 317-331. The responsible representatives of nonresident aliens in connection with any sources of income which such nonresident aliens may have within the United States shall make a return of such income, and shall pay any and all tax, normal and additional, assessed upon the income received by them in behalf of their nonresident alien principals, in all cases where the tax on income so in their receipt, custody, or control shall not have been withheld at the source. The agent of a nonresident alien is responsible for a correct return of all income accruing to his principal within the purview of the agency. The agency appointment will determine how completely the agent is ⚫ substituted for the principal for tax purposes. Where upon filing a return of income it appears that a nonresident alien is not liable for tax, but nevertheless a tax shall have been withheld at the source, in order to obtain a refund on the basis of the showing made by the return there should be attached to it a statement showing accurately the amounts of tax withheld, with the names and post-office addresses of all withholding agents. See article 364.

ART. 405. Return of corporate dividends.-Dividends on stock of domestic corporations or resident foreign corporations are prima facie income of the record owner of the stock, and such record owner will be liable for any additional tax based thereon, unless a disclosure of the actual ownership is made to the Commissioner on Form 1087 which shall show that the record owner is not the actual owner and who the owner is and his address. In all cases where the actual owner is a nonresident alien individual and the record owner is a person in the United States, the record owner will be considered for tax purposes to have the receipt, custody, control, and disposal of the dividend income and will be required to make return for the actual owner, regardless of the amount of the income, and to pay any surtax found by such return to be due.

ART. 406. Verification of returns.-All income tax returns must be verified under oath or affirmation. The oath or affirmation may be administered by any officer duly authorized to administer oaths for general purposes by the law of the United States or of any State, Territory, or possession of the United States, wherein such oath is administered, or by a consular officer of the United States. Persons in the naval or military service of the United States may verify their returns before any official authorized to administer oaths for the purposes of those services. Income tax returns executed abroad may be attested free of charge before United States consular officers.

Where a foreign notary or other official having no seal shall act as attesting officer, the authority of such attesting officer should be certified to by some judicial official or other proper officer having knowledge of the appointment and official character of the attesting officer.

ART. 407. Use of prescribed forms.-Copies of the prescribed return forms will so far as possible be furnished taxpayers by collectors. A taxpayer will not be excused from making a return, however, by the fact that no return form has been furnished to him. Taxpayers not supplied with the proper forms should make application therefor to the collector in ample time to have their returns prepared, verified, and filed with the collector on or before the last due date. Each taxpayer should carefully prepare his return so as fully and clearly to set forth the data therein called for. Imperfect or incorrect reurns will not be accepted as meeting the requirements of the statute. In lack of a prescribed form a statement made by a taxpayer disclosing his gross income and the deductions therefrom may be accepted as a tentative return, and if filed within the prescribed time a return so made will relieve the taxpayer from liability to penalties, provided that without unnecessary delay such a tentative return is replaced by a return made on the proper form. See further articles 443-445.

PARTNERSHIP RETURNS

SEC. 224. Every partnership shall make a return for each taxable year, stating specifically the items of its gross income and the deductions allowed by this title, and shall include in the return the names and addresses of the individuals who would be entitled to share in the net income if distributed and the amount of the distributive share of each individual. The return shall be sworn to by any one of the partners.

ART. 411. Partnership returns.—Every partnership must make a return of income, regardless of the amount of its net income. The return shall be on Form 1065 and shall be sworn to by one of the partners. Such return shall be made for the taxable year of the partnership: that is, for its annual accounting period (fiscal year or calendar year, as the case may be), irrespective of the taxable years of the partners. See section 218 of the statute and articles 335-338. If the partnership makes any change in its accounting period, it shall make its return in accordance with the provisions of section 226 and article 431. See also article 424.

ART. 412. Contents of partnership return.-The return of a partnership shall state specifically (a) the items of its gross income enumerated in section 213 of the statute; (b) the deductions enumerated in section 214, other than the deduction provided in paragraph (10) of subdivision (a) of that section; (c) the amounts specified in subdivisions (a) and (b) of section 216 received by the partner

ship; (d) the amount of any income, war-profits and excess-profits taxes of the partnership paid during the taxable year to a foreign country or to any possession of the United States, and the amount of any such taxes accrued but not paid during the taxable year; (e) the names and addresses of the individuals who would be entitled to share in the net income of the partnership if distributed; (f) the amount of the distributive share of such net income of each such individual; (g) the part of such share of the net income which consists of earned income; and (h) such other facts as are required by Form 1065. See also sections 209, 222, and 227 and articles 381-387, 441-446, and 1661.

FIDUCIARY RETURNS

SEC. 225. (a) Every fiduciary (except a receiver appointed by authority of law in possession of part only of the property of an individual) shall make under oath a return for any of the following individuals, estates, or trusts for which he acts, stating specifically the items of gross income thereof and the deductions and credits allowed under this title

(1) Every individual having a net income for the taxable year of $1,000 or over, if single, or if married and not living with husband or wife;

(2) Every individual having a net income for the taxable year of $2,500 or over, if married and living with husband or wife;

(3) Every individual having a gross income for the taxable year of $5,000 or over, regardless of the amount of his net income;

(4) Every estate or trust the net income of which for the taxable year is $1,000 or over;

(5) Every estate or trust the gross income of which for the taxable year is $5,000 or over, regardless of the amount of the net income; and

(6) Every estate or trust of which any beneficiary is a nonresident alien. (b) Under such regulations as the Commissioner with the approval of the Secretary may prescribe a return made by one of two or more joint fiduciaries and filed in the office of the collector of the district where such fiduciary resides shall be sufficient compliance with the above requirement. Such fiduciary shall make oath (1) that he has sufficient knowledge of the affairs of the individual, estate or trust for which the return is made, to enable him to make the return, and (2) that the return is, to the best of his knowledge and belief, true and correct. Any fiduciary required to make a return under this Act shall be subject to all the provisions of this Act which apply to individuals.

ART. 421. Fiduciary returns.-Every fiduciary, or at least one of joint fiduciaries, must make a return of income (a) for the individual whose income is in his charge, if the gross income of such individual is $5,000 or over, or if the net income of such individual is $2,500 or over if married and living with husband or wife, or is $1,000 or over in other cases, or (b) for the estate or trust for which he acts if the net income of such estate or trust is $1,000 or over, or if the gross income of the estate or trust is $5,000 or over, re

gardless of the amount of the net income, or if any beneficiary of such estate or trust is a nonresident alien. The return in case (a) shall be on Form 1040. In case (b) a return is required on Form 1040 with respect to any taxable net income of the estate or trust computed in accordance with section 219 (b) of the statute and a return on Form 1041 with respect to any income deducted under paragraph (2) or (3) of subdivision (b) of section 219. If a portion of the income of the estate or trust is retained by the fiduciary and the remainder is distributable or distributed to beneficiaries, both Forms 1040 and 1041 will be required. See article 342. See article 425 for returns in cases where any beneficiary is a nonresident alien. If the net income of a decedent from the beginning of the taxable year to the date of his death was $1,000 or more if unmarried, or $2,500 or more if married, or if his gross income for the same period was $5,000 or over the executor or administrator shall make a return for such decedent. See article 305.

ART. 422. Return by guardian or committee.-A fiduciary acting as the guardian of a minor having a net income of $1,000 or more, or $2,500 or more, according to the marital status of such person, or having a gross income of $5,000 or over, must make a return for such minor on Form 1040 or 1040 A and pay the tax, unless such minor himself makes a return or causes it to be made. A fiduciary acting as a guardian or the committee of an insane person having an income of $1,000 or more or $2,500 or more, according to the marital status of such person, or having a gross income of $5,000 or over, must make a return for such incompetent on Form 1040 or 1040 A and pay the tax.

ART. 423. Returns where two trusts.In the case of two or more trusts the income of which is taxable to the beneficiaries, which were created by the same person and are in charge of the same trustee, the trustee shall make a single return on Form 1041 for all such trusts, notwithstanding that they may arise from different instruments. When, however, a trustee holds trusts created by different persons for the benefit of the same beneficiary, he shall make a return on Form 1041 for each trust separately.

ART. 424. Return by receiver.-A receiver who stands in the stead of an individual or corporation must render a return of income and pay the tax for his trust, but a receiver of only part of the property of an individual or corporation need not. If the receiver acts for an individual the return shall be on Form 1040 or 1040 A. When acting for a corporation a receiver is not treated as a fiduciary, and in such a case the return shall be made as if by the corporation

itself. See section 239 of the statute and article 622. A receiver in charge of the business of a partnership shall render a return on Form 1065. A receiver of the rents and profits appointed to hold and operate a mortgaged parcel of real estate, but not in control of all the property or business of the mortgagor, and a receiver in partition proceedings, are not required to render returns of income. In general, statutory receivers and common law receivers of all the property or business of an individual or corporation must make returns. See also section 256 of the statute and articles 1071-1080. ART. 425. Return for nonresident alien beneficiary.-Where a citizen or resident fiduciary has the distribution of the income of a trust any beneficiary of which is a nonresident alien, the fiduciary shall make a return on Form 1040 B for such nonresident alien and pay any tax shown thereon to be due. Unless such return is a true and accurate return of the nonresident alien beneficiary's income from all sources within the United States the benefits of the credits and deductions to which the beneficiary is entitled can not be obtained in the return filed by the fiduciary. See section 217 (g). If the beneficiary appoints a person in the United States to act as his agent for the purpose of rendering income tax returns the fiduciary shall be relieved from the necessity of filing Form 1040 B in behalf of the beneficiary and from paying the tax. In such a case the fiduciary shall make a return on Form 1041 and attach thereto a copy of the notice of appointment. If the sole beneficiary of an estate or trust is a nonresident alien and Form 1040 B is filed by the fiduciary, the filing of Form 1041 will not be required. If there are two or more nonresident alien beneficiaries the fiduciary shall render a return on Form 1041 and also a return on Form 1040 B for each nonresident alien beneficiary. In no case will a fiduciary be required to withhold tax at the rate of 6 per cent and render a return on Form 1042 with respect to income of a nonresident alien beneficiary, as a complete return thereof will be included in Form 1040 B. See further article 404.

RETURNS FOR A PERIOD OF LESS THAN TWELVE MONTHS

SEC. 226. (a) If a taxpayer, with the approval of the Commissioner, changes the basis of computing net income from fiscal year to calendar year a separate return shall be made for the period between the close of the last fiscal year for which return was made and the following December 31. If the change is from calendar year to fiscal year, a separate return shall be made for the period between the close of the last calendar year for which return was made and the date designated as the close of the fiscal year. If the change is from one fiscal year to another fiscal year a separate return shall be made for the period between the close of the former fiscal year and the date designated as the close of the new fiscal year.