all times advance indications of where this hazard is likely to be encountered in the event of enemy attack. To this end, the Weather Bureau issues fallout forecasts at 6-hour intervals for 65 key locations selected on the basis of meteorological and geographical significance and target probability.

The effect of meteorological factors is so great that forecasts of these factors necessarily must be integrated into all realistic planning against radiological, biological, and chemical warfare. The fallout forecast contributes much to the task of rendering decisions relative to warnings, evacuation, dispersal, and sheltering throughout the emergency situation. Also, appropriate defense officials will rely heavily on this type of information effectively to direct monitoring teams, rescue crews, and other pressing survival activities.

Consultant services.-Weather Bureau meteorologists are assigned for full-time duty to the OCDM regional offices to insure continuing expert consultation on meteorological factors. A staff of meteorologists also maintains a 24-hour watch at OCDM operational headquarters to insure operational readiness at all times in the interpretation and use of the fallout forecasts and to provide timely naturaldisaster warnings. These consultants travel throughout the regions to instruct and encourage local and State civil defense groups in developing and maintaining capability to plot and interpret fallout forecasts; to lecture to civic groups on the effects of radioactive fallout, and to train Weather Bureau personnel for participation in the Federal fallout monitoring network.

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

(1959 estimate, $80,000; 1960 estimate, $4,500,000; H.R. 7978, 0)

In the face of the massive problem created by the possibility of attack with modern weapons, neither the health and welfare forces of the Nation, which must provide the nucleus for survivor care, nor the general population have adequate civil defense readiness. This has been recognized, and in Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1958 which created OCDM, a basis for correcting this deficiency has been provided. However, House action now makes practically inoperable any attempt to plan and to provide guidance and training to the States for this emergency program, utilizing the operating agencies of this Department most qualified. Furthermore, statements in past congressional Appropriation Committee reports make very clear that, in the view of the Labor-Welfare Subcommittee of the House Appropriations Committee, regular appropriations to the Department should not be used for civil defense activities.

Funds for these purposes were in no case included in the regular appropriations of the Department. In fact, the appropriations to carry out regular functions are very tightly budgeted. To perform these delegated functions without additional funds would not only be contrary to the specific statement of the LaborWelfare Subcommittee of the House Appropriations Committee, but would require the Department to reduce its regular services below acceptable levels. The fiscal year 1960 readiness program as contemplated by this Department is divided into three parts: The first is preparation of the health resources of the Nation through (a) national emergency health operations, (b) training activities, (c) research, and (d) casualty rehabilitation, and (e) measures for the protection of food and drug supplies from biological, chemical, and radiological contamination. These are emergency preparedness measures to deal with mass casualties and mass survival operations, and to assist in organizing and training the Nation's total medical structure in postattack responsibilities. These activities are not part of the normal statutory responsibilities of this Department.

The second part of the fiscal year 1960 program concerns planning now for postattack emergency welfare responsibilities such as food, clothing, welfare services to the homeless, locating and reuniting families, and giving specialized attention in an emergency to unaccompanied children, the aged, and the handicapped. The unusual scope and character of these activities are of dimensions that go far beyond the Department's normal welfare responsibilities which consist primarily of assisting States to meet cash assistance requirements for specified needy groups but in no way compare with the type of welfare problems to be faced in the aftermath of attack.

The third part of the fiscal year 1960 program is the preparation of the general population through civil defense education and survival training, utilizing the schools and educational institutions. This is an emergency assignment which falls outside the normal leadership role of the Office of Education in its relations with State and local educational agencies.

In summary, the Department's fiscal year 1960 budget request represents a sincere attempt to correct certain civil defense deficiencies, achieve improved readiness, and to comply with the congressional desire for a unified budget. Since this request is not duplicated in the OCDM regular operating budget request, the financing of these activities out of regular OCDM funds would mean penalizing other extremely important functions. Also, the Department has repeatedly been admonished by the congressional Appropriations Committees not to use its own regular funds for civil defense delegations. The requested funds are urgently needed to permit the Department to carry out its extremely important functions in the field of civil and defense mobilization. These functions are among the most important that need to be performed in order to be prepared for any civil defense emergency.

HOUSING AND HOME FINANCE AGENCY

(1959 estimate, $60,000; 1960 estimate, $275,000; H.R. 7978, 0)

The Housing and Home Finance Agency is assigned responsibility for the development of emergency plans and programs covering (1) emergency lodging, including billeting; (2) guidance to States and communities as to standards and priorities for emergency lodging and housing programs; (3) repair of damaged housing, and as necessary, the construction of new housing; (4) restoration and repair of emergency community facilities; (5) advice on economic stabilization measures pertaining to real estate, credit controls, and rent stabilization programs; and (6) the organization for administering these programs.

In fiscal year 1959, under an agreement with OCDM pursuant to which the Housing and Home Finance Agency received $60,000, the Housing Agency was able to complete two plans: (1) the plan for emergency lodging and billeting, and (2) a plan for a part of the emergency housing construction program.

Much, however, remains to be done for the Housing Agency to achieve a state of operational readiness. In fiscal year 1960, the Housing Agency civil defense and defense mobilization activities will fall into two principal categories:

1. Further detailed planning in connection with the following projects:

(a) The organizational structure for the headquarters office and field down to the lowest operational level must be devised, including staff requirements, regulations, procedures, etc.;

(b) A program must be developed for the urgent repair of damaged housing and as necessary for the construction of new housing;

(c) A program must be prepared for the urgent restoration and repair of emergency community facilities and the installation of new facilities;

(d) Studies must be conducted on economic stabilization measures pertaining to real estate, credit controls, and rent stabilization; and

2. The plans completed in fiscal year 1959 must be implemented through instructions and training for the staff of our own Agency, the executive reservists, and the related segments of the State and local civil defense organizations.

It has been estimated that the agency will need a total of $275,000 to cover the costs of these programs in fiscal year 1960. The regular appropriations for the Housing and Home Finance Agency do not cover the civil defense and defense mobilization functions. Consequently, unless appropriations are received therefor the Housing Agency will be unable to accomplish its assigned emergency

programs.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

(1959 estimate, 01; 1960 estimate, $500,000; H.R. 7978, 0)

Restoration of the budget estimate of $500,000 for the Department of the Interior is requested. This amount is distributed to the following activities:

Excludes $370,550 of which $301,800 was reflected in the appropriation of the Department of the Interior and $68,780 was made available by OCDM

The above amount may also be divided into two parts as follows:

1. That required to carry programs already in operation: Office of Minerals Mobilization__

Oil and gas--

Subtotal_

2. That necessary due to the increased workload from OCDM...

The following amounts were carried in the Department of the Interior regular budget for the fiscal year 1959 and were shown as reduction in that budget for the fiscal year 1960.

Oil and gas (security clearances).

Office of Minerals Mobilization (total program)_.

$18,500 283, 300

These amounts were eliminated from the Department of the Interior budget in accordance with the policy established for 1960 that all civil defense and mobilization functions should be carried in one budget. Elimination of the funds for the Office of Minerals Mobilization would mean that the important work which this Office has conducted for a number of years in connection with minerals and solid fuels would come to an abrupt halt. Thus all work underway, and to a lesser degree, work which has been done, would be lost. The 22 employees in that Office would have to be terminated.

In addition, the Department of the Interior has no funds with which certain other civil defense functions which the Department has carried on to a very limited degree in the past could be implemented as provided for in this budget. A brief summary of the functions to be carried on with the funds requested follows:

Water and power, $69,000.-This activity relates to the development of emergency plans and an organization to assure electric power during a national emergency. To carry this out, it is necessary to employ without-compensation employees from the electric power industry who would devote part of their time to mobilization planning within their particular area. Sixteen areas have been established and the plan contemplates an area director and two or three alternates in each area. To develop this organization, a great deal of travel and personal contact is necessary. To secure the necessary personnel, train and organize them, $69,000 is requested for the employment of three professional employees and one secretarial employee, the necessary travel and other expenses, and security clearances.

Oil and gas, $120,000.-The request for the Office of Oil and Gas contains funds for two particularly important programs. The first in the amount of $50,000 is for the continuation (review and updating) of the long-range petroleum study that was started in 1959. The second is for the executive reserve (field) program. The objective is to have ready for decentralized operation on a regional, State, and local basis in the event of enemy attack, groups of executives well acquainted not only with the resources of their respective industries but also with the functions which the Office of Oil and Gas would perform under delegations from the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization. These executive reserves must be selected, organized, and trained. To carry out this program and the petroleum study funds for 11 positions together with some expense money are requested. Minerals mobilization, $311,000.-The request for minerals mobilization may be divided into two parts as follows:

1. That required for carrying the current Office or Minerals Mobilization

2. That requested to implement the work on civil defense activities in solid fuels___

$283, 000 28,000

The Office of Minerals Mobilization has been an integral part of the Department of the Interior for several years and has been engaged principally in carrying out mobilization and civil defense functions delegated to the Secretary of the Interior in the fields of minerals and solid fuels. The Office of Minerals Mobilization is largely an outgrowth of the work of the President's Cabinet Committee on Mineral Policy.

As a result of the committee's recommendations, the Director of ODM delegated functions with respect to production and processing of metals and minerals to the Secretary of the Interior. In January 1955, the Secretary established the Office of Minerals Mobilization to carry out his mobilization responsibilities for metals and minerals (except for minerals exploration functions and several

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operational functions which had been delegated to GSA). The Secretary also transferred to the Office his mobilization functions for solid fuels, previously vested in the Defense Solid Fuels Administration. The functions with respect to minerals and metals correspond closely to those defense mobilization planning functions which Interior agencies have been performing relating to petroleum and gas, solid fuels, and electric power.

If no funds are provided the Office would have to be abolished and 22 employees now on the rolls reduced in force. If this should be the case, funds would be required for liquidation and accumulated leave. The elimination of this Office would leave the Secretary with no practicable means of carrying out the delegated functions in these areas.

The increase of $28,000 for civil defense activities in solid fuels would permit the addition of two employees with funds for security clearances, travel, and other expenses to carry out the Department's responsibility for planning and directing Federal activities for procuring, storing, transporting, and distributing fuel supplies to attacked areas and reception centers.

DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

(1959 estimate, $85,000; 1960 estimate, $2,229,000; H.R. 7978, 0)

The Department of Labor requested $2,229,000 for planning and installing emergency manpower programs and improving the Department's state of readiness to meet an emergency.

The denial of these funds for fiscal year 1960 will mean that no funds will be available for preparing the Federal, State, and local manpower organizations to handle the critical manpower problems which the country will face in an emergency.

The Department's emergency planning program is based on the need to have as quickly as possible an emergency capability to recruit, allocate, and utilize effectively manpower at the local level. One-half of the funds requested would be assigned to State employment security agencies, for emergency readiness units, operating the guidance of the Department similar to that provided for the States' regular employment service and unemployment insurance activities. The other half of funds requested would be expended in national and regional office activity in support of State plans and in preparing materials and programs for use at the national level in an emergency. These funds include a small amount for planning effective programs for wage stabilization and labor-management relations in an emergency.

The importance of effective utilization of manpower in an emergency cannot be overemphasized. Manpower is the common element in all production and human effort to organize or reorganize ourselves for achieving economic and political survival if nuclear war should strike this country. Workable emergency plans must be ready for use at the local level where decisions will be made in an emergency, until regional or national guidance is reestablished.

There is now a nucleus of 13 employees in the Department engaged in civil defense and defense mobilization activities, paid from $85,000 received from OCDM for fiscal year 1959. The funds were received late in the fiscal year so that it was possible to staff the Department at the annual equivalent rate of approximately $150,000. Yet, these funds have hardly sufficed to meet the demands of a holding operation-mainly maintaining liaison with OCDM and other Government departments concerned with manpower resources. The denial of these minimal funds received from OCDM will mean the reassignment or reduction in force for these employees and complete cessation of all civil defense and mobilization activities.

The funds OCDM is requesting for assignment to the Department of Labor are the only funds available to the Department and to the State employment security agencies affiliated with it, for this purpose. For the past 3 years, the subcommittee of the Appropriations Committee reviewing regular appropriations estimates for the Department has directed the Department that funds approved for other purposes should not be used for civil defense or mobilization purposes.

The House Appropriations Committee denied the Department funds in fiscal year 1959 for emergency planning purposes which were included in the Department's regular budget request. We have therefore eliminated our request for civil defense funds from our regular budget and are completely dependent upon financing these essential emergency activities through assignment of funds from OCDM. The denial of OCDM funds for transfer to the Department of Labor

will therefore mean the postponement of essential emergency manpower programs for at least another year.

GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION

(1959 estimate, 01; 1960 estimate, $760,000; H.R. 7978, 0)

The $760,000 of the item denied by the House is required to finance GSA's participation in the OCDM program for making the Government's communications services less vulnerable to interruption in the event of an attack on this country.

In the event of an attack, communications would be essential to the maintenance of Government and for the support of survival operations. Also, our national communications systems converge upon our major cities which may be objectives of attake and, if precautions are not taken, essential communications may be disrupted at the time of their greatest need.

In 1956 ODM (now OCDM) requested GSA to undertake measures which would provide increased assurance that Government communications would remain operable under attack conditions. This request was made in recognition of GSA's normal statutory authorities for Government communications. Also, it was in keeping with the concept that all departments and agencies would conduct their normal functions in a way to improve the defense of the country without duplication of effort.

GSA developed a plan, to be phased over several years, for improving emergency communications capabilities within the Government communications system. Building upon the facilities which GSA operates daily for meeting the civilian agencies' normal requirements, a substantial, integrated, emergency communications capability has been established. This approach obviously permits greater economy and efficiency than would result from a multiplicity of systems or idle standby systems.

For fiscal year 1959 an identical amount of $760,000 was appropriated direct to GSA for the purpose of supporting these functions which are separate and apart from its peacetime mission. The shift in financing to OCDM is in line with directions in House Report No. 1332 and Senate Report No. 1655, both 85th Congress, 2d session, which requires a consolidated budget for OCDM for fiscal year 1960.

In consonance with these expressed policies of the Congress, GSA made no provision for financing the continuing expense of emergency rapid-written communication facilities in its budget estimates for 1960 and did in fact offer a reduction of $760,000 in the schedule of changes from 1959 to 1960 for operating expenses, PBS. Arrangements were made for OCDM to provide for this item in its estimates for 1960.

Substantially all of the $760,000 for GSA is for recurring annual charges for rental of equipment over and above GSA's normal operating requirements. Without such funds, GSA will not be able to maintain this emergency capability as requested by OCDM.

In order that the existing emergency capability may be retained, it is urged that the item be restored in H.R. 7978.

POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT

(1959 estimate, 0; 1960 estimate, $177,000; H.R. 7978, 0)

The civil defense and defense mobilization functions assigned to the Postmaster General have been eliminated completely by House action. Restoration of the request of $177,000 would allow the following programs to be initiated:

1. Emergency registration system. Assist in planning a national program, developing technical guidance for States, and directing Federal activities concerned with (a) registering persons and families, (b) receiving and answering welfare inquiries, and (c) reuniting families in civil defense emergencies.

2. Training. Conduct training programs for postal employees which will enable them to operate emergency central postal directories, and to assist in the operation of a national emergency registration system designed to (a) deliver the mail to dispersed populations, and (b) support local welfare activities in reuniting families.

Does not include obligations of $760,000 for fiscal year 1959 reflected in appropriations of the General Services Administration.