Form No. 922. TIFFANY'S SPECIAL AGENTS' AND ADJUSTERS' ASSISTANT, CONTAINING NUMEROUS CITATIONS TO THE LAW OF INSURANCE AND OTHER VALUABLE STATISTICS AND REFERENCES, TOGETHER WITH TIFFANY'S DIGEST OF DEPRECIATIONS, COMPILED BY H. S. TIFFANY, General Agent and Adjuster, AUTHOR OF TIFFANY'S INSTRUCTION BOOK FOR FIRE INSURANCE AGENTS, TIFFANY'S BOOK OF TIFFANY'S DIgest of depreciations, TIFFANY'S SERIES of STANDARD INSURANCE BLANKS AND BOOKS, EXPIRATION REGISTERS, BTC. NINTH EDITION REVISED AND ENLARGED PUBLISHED AND FOR SALE BY H. S. TIFFANY & CO., INSURANCE PUBLISHERS. CHICAGO. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1878, by H. C. TIFFANY & CO., In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1879, by In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1881, by In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1882, by In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1887, by In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. Copyright Secured. All Rights Reserved. THE PREFACE TO NINTH EDITION. HE favor, with which the former Editions of this work have been received, has induced the Publishers to prepare the present Edition, revised and enlarged, with the addition of many Rules, Formulas, Tariffs, Legal Decisions, and other important data. It is, beyond doubt, the BEST AND MOST PRACTICAL WORK OF THE KIND EVER PUBLISHED, and one that WILL FULLY MEET THE WANTS of the practical field workers of the Profession. The Tariffs of the various State Boards are complete and will assist Special, as well as Local Agents, in whatever section of the Country they may be engaged. The Law of Insurance and references to standard Authorities and adjudicated Cases, will be of great service to Managers of Companies, Officers, Adjusters, and Special and Local Agents. The Estimates on Flour Mills and Price List of Mill Machinery, together with the Formulas, Rules, etc., will prove of great assistance to Adjusters, as well as Architects, Builders and Contractors and others who are engaged in mechanical pursuits. We have no desire to extract from the writings of any one without giving full credit therefor, and distinctly state that the Special Agents' and Adjusters' Assistant is in part a compilation from many sources, and we are indebted to the writings of Park, Weskett, Emerigon, Marshall, Duer, Hammond, Annesley, Angell, Arnould, Phillips, May, Wood, Ewell, Bunyon, Ellis, Porter, Barber, Bennett, Case, Spalding, Rogers, Haswell, Rice, Hunt, Hill, Moore, Vodges, Davies, Robinson, Meyers, Fuller, Blackstone's and Kent's Commentaries, Waters, Winslow, Blodget, Walker, Berne, Bliven, the Judges of the Supreme Court of the United States, and others for many of the extracts found in this work. The Digest of Depreciations, which has been prepared with great care, will be a most valuable assistant to Special Agents and Adjusters, as well as to Architects, Builders and Contractors, and is the most complete work on this subject that has ever been published. The Publishers hope and trust that the present Edition will prove of increased value to the entire Underwriting Fraternity of the Country. PREFACE TO FORMER EDITIONS. THE necessity for a work of general information has been apparent for a long time, and our aim in compiling this book has been to embody, in as concise shape as possible, such matters as would be the most valuable for reference to Special Agents and Adjusters. In this we think we have succeeded, and have gathered from innumerable sources, many items of information, tables, data, formulas, and rules pertaining to a great variety of subjects, and applicable to a diversity of ends, as well as much information of a general character, valuable to the Special Agent and Adjuster. The Minimum Tariffs of the various State Boards are exceedingly valuable to the Special Agent in the prosecution of his work; and the Rules, Legal Decisions, Price Lists, etc., have a corresponding value to the Adjuster. Our Hints to Special Agents and Adjusters we believe will be found instructive, especially to those who have lately engaged in the business, and perhaps profitable reading even to those who have had experience. The rules for ascertaining the cost of buildings, together with the other data relative to buildings, were furnished by one of Chicago's leading Architects, and may be relied upon as correct, and we may say, are the results obtained by proper calculations, of buildings actually built. The estimates on Flour Mills are exceedingly valuable to Adjusters. We are indebted to many of our friends for data furnished and assistance rendered in compiling this work, and desire to return sincere thanks therefor. No special claim to originality of ideas is made; but anything that seemed valuable, in the several departments treated, has been arranged with a view to meet the wants and requirements of the profession, and the publishers hope and trust the work may prove of some practical utility, and be serviceable to the field workers of the profession. CHICAGO, May, 1878 to 1887. FIRE INSURANCE. "Insurance is a contract whereby one, for a consideration, undertakes to compensate another if he shall suffer loss." A policy of Fire Insurance is merely the written evidence of an agreement between the parties in the nature of an Indemnity bond whereby, for a consideration named and the conditions, limitations and requirements of the bond, one party agrees or undertakes to indemnify or protect another from all damage by fire to his interest in certain described, located and specified property named therein. "The fundamental principle of Insurance is, simply, INDEMNITY; i. e. An obligation on the part of the insurer, for a consideration received, to reinstate the insured in the value of the property he may lose, or be damnified, according to the terms and intent of the contract." Alauzet, 1 par., 108, 112, 146. Angell on Ins., 2. Annesley on Ins., 1, 22. Arnould on Ins., 300. Barber on Ins., 25. Bunyon on Ins., 20, 21. Emerigon on Ins., 1. Hammond on Ins., 1. Hamilton v. Mendes, 2 Burr., 1270. N. Y. Civ. Code, sec 1357. Pardessus, part 3, t. 8., 588. Park on Ins., 1. Parsons on Ins., 17, Phillips on Ins., 1, 3. Porter on Ins., 1, 20. Roccus de Assecur. not. 1. Straccha, pt. 20, not. 4. Weskett on Ins., pre. disc., 8. Park on Insurance, page 1, says: "Policy is the name given to the instrument by which the contract of indemnity is effected between the insurer and the insured; and it is not like most contracts, signed by both parties, but only by the insurer, who, on that account, it is supposed, is denominated the Underwriter. Notwithstanding this, there are certain conditions * to be performed as well by the person not subscribing as by the underwriter, otherwise the policy will be void." * * "The policy, being merely a bond of indemnity, is personal in its character and not available to any one excepting the person named therein or those to whom it may have been properly assigned, by and with the consent of the Insurance Company." Weskett on Insurance, page 130, says: "The Insurance Contract is susceptible of all the clauses and conditions which the parties may agree to insert, provided they are not contra bonos mores, nor repugnant to the nature and essence of this contract nor to public authority. As it is a contract of good faith, it must be interpreted according to received custom, the presumption being that the parties have intended to conform thereto, if there be no departure therefrom in the policy; otherwise they must be governed by the express clauses and conditions inserted in it, without adding anything thereto by an extension of one case to another." Lucena v. Craufurd, 3 Bos. & P., 301. Glendale Woollen Mill Co. v. Protection Ins. Co., 21 Conn., 31. Castellian v. Preston, 11 Q. B. D., 380; 52 L. J. Q. B., 366; 49 L. T. N. S., 29 |