PREPARED STATEMENT ON CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT

Senator O'MAHONEY. The problems grow more complex as we go along. Are there any questions to be directed to Colonel Perman? Senator THYE. I have none.

Senator O'MAHONEY. Then we will insert your statement in the record, Colonel, and you will furnish the charts.

(The statement and charts referred to are as follow:)

STATEMENT OF COL. JOHN E. PERMAN

The Department of the Army budget for fiscal year 1952 includes a request for 549,088 man-years of civilian employment, which represents an increase of 142,525 man-years over the total amount made available for the fiscal year 1951 by the Congress.

Before discussing the details of why we need these personnel and where they are to be utilized, we would like to cover some of the policies and procedures followed by the Department of the Army in determining our requirements for and administering the utilization of civilian personnel.

To insure economy in our over-all utilization of personnel, Department of the Army regulations and directives have been issued stressing the fact that at all levels the utmost efficiency in the utilization of both military and civilian personnel must be practiced.

The policy of the Department of the Army regarding the utilization of military and civilian personnel is that established by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In general terms this policy provides for maximum utilization of civilian personnel in all positions which do not require military skills or military incumbents for reasons of training, security, or discipline. Specifically the Joint Chiefs of Staff policy states as follows:

"(1) It is the policy of the Joint Chiefs of Staff that, within the services and agencies and units which comprise its total organization, civilian personnel be used to the maximum practicable extent in those positions which can be occupied by either military or civilian personnel.

"(2) It is further the policy of the Joint Chiefs of Staff when civilians are used in such positions that, in consonance with Department of Defense or national policies, maximum utilization be made of women, handicapped workers, younger and older workers, and other persons not fully utilized in peacetime.

Criteria which normally make positions civilian:

"(a) Requirements of law provide that the incumbent of a job shall be a civilian. Examples: Secretary of the Army, Assistant Secretaries, Under Secretary.

"(b) The job requires particular civilian training or experience to perform the duties assigned.

"(c) The position is established by administrative order as a civilian position (examples: administrative assistant to Secretary of the Army, Department counselor, special assistants to Under Secretaries, Director CPD, Deputy Comptroller, Management Audit Director)."

The application of this principle has resulted in the replacement of approximately 21,000 military by civilians in fiscal year 1951. Included in the fiscal year 1952 estimate are 2,938 man-years for further replacement.

In connection with the policy of replacement of military by civilian, one of the areas which has been given great emphasis and produced what we consider to be highly desirable results is that of drivers for administrative vehicles. The question of why we need soldiers to drive administrative vehicles has been raised from several sources, and I can assure you that the Department of the Army is keenly alive to the question and is doing everything possible to insure that the minimum number of "fighting soldiers" are utilized on this type of duty. This has been one of the major areas in which our replacement of military by civilian has taken place. Latest available information indicates that in the ZI approximately 2,800 military drivers have been replaced by civilians. In addition, we have replaced male military drivers with Wacs, and/or where increased numbers have been required, Wacs have been furnished. To show the extent to which Wacs are used on these duties in Washington, the Pentagon motor pool is staffed

with 179 military personnel, of whom 143 are Wacs. The male personnel are in general mechanics and night drivers. There would have been more except for the fact that it was felt uneconomically advisable. Civilian drivers work certain specified hours and receive overtime pay for everything beyond that. Our military administrative requirements are not such as to adapt themselves, in many cases, to a time schedule. We can hold our soldiers for a few hours when necessity arises or call for military to meet our needs after hours without being faced with heavy overtime costs.

Army regulations are quite specific as to assignment of regular drivers for administrative vehicles and state in part: "Commanding officers will, wherever practical, authorize and encourage qualified officers and civilians to operate light passenger-type vehicles as required for use on official business." An example of the operation of this policy is where a plumber or electrician at a station must use a vehicle in connection with his work. If he has been registered as a qualified driver, he procures a vehicle from the motor pool and drives it himself rather than have a driver take him to the job and wait for him.

To further insure that minimum numbers of military drivers are utilized our command Comptrollers make periodic management surveys at their installations. If a representative of the Department of the Army is not present during the survey, copies of same are forwarded to the Department of the Army for review and analysis at which time they are further analyzed to insure economical standards are being followed; in those cases where utilization appears excessive, the Department of the Army takes investigation or administrative action as appears appropriate.

As a matter of interest our estimate before you reflects that in 1952 we contemplate a world-wide utilization of 17,614 passenger-carrying administrative vehicles including sedans, busses, jeeps, and carry-alls.

Control of civilian personnel by the Department of the Army has its inception with the basic budget.

The basic budget directive to the field contains the assumptions as to the number of troops expected to be in any field area, the total number of troops for whom supplies and equipment are required, the long-range plans for establishing our base of procurement and production, and other pertinent factors.

The field commands and technical services actually engaged in carrying out the missions then submit their detailed requests for funds and personnel to the Department of the Army.

The requests for funds and personnel submitted are carefully reviewed by the Department of the Army to insure that:

(a) Requests submitted are not excessive.

(b) All assigned missions are fully covered.

(c) Policies of higher authority are complied with.

This is accomplished as follows:

First, the assigned missions, troop strengths, stations or new installations to be activated, procurement directives, etc., are checked against Department of the Army directives. The responsible general staff agency is consulted in questionable areas. For example, if the student load for a school appears to be excessive, it is checked with G-3 in order to insure minimum staffing for the true workload. In areas where deficiencies or overstatements appear, they are checked with the responsible General Staff agency to obtain the correct data.

Following the basic reviews just mentioned a detailed analysis of each function of each agency is made to insure that the stated civilian personnel requirements conform to existing staffing patterns, prescribed ratios, work-measurement units, and experience factors. Based on the reviews outlined above, a detailed review of the personnel requirements for each agency for each function is made to insure that the stated personnel requirements conform to existing staffing patterns, prescribed staffing ratios, work-measurement units, yardsticks, and experience factors. Some explanation of this last statement may help to clarify the methods used in the Department of the Army to check our statements of requirements and also our utilization.

An example of a staffing pattern may be helpful to you.

Based on experience, on-the-spot surveys, and study of statistical data, the Department of the Army established a pattern for staffing our class I installations of various sizes. This information has been furnished to all field commands as a guide. We have a chart which is a summary breakout of the personnel requirements for a hypothetical post of 20,000 military population.

t, photostatic copies of which have been furnished the committee ajor functions which must be carried on by an overhead organization 0,000 troops training at that station.

tailed breakout of the subordinate elements to those shown on the the number of personnel for each job by "job title" and grade, is he basic plan which has been distributed to all Army commanders. been furnished with copies of this plan (Civilian Personnel Pamphlet ote that this chart sets forth both military and civilian personnel , while the pamphlet covers only the civilian personnel requirements. data published by the Department of the Army covers the military and constitutes the basis for our military strength as shown on the as previously mentioned, our analysts have lists of the stations and d strength. Checking against the pattern shown above by approproject, we can determine under or over staffing, in a particular area, n laundry operations, fire fighters, or administrative vehicle drivers. examples of the actual staffing of posts, the following information g, N. C., and Camp Breckinridge, Ky., may be of interest. e Fort Bragg. The troop strength in November 1949 was 24,295. ort of that station there were authorized at the time of the peak tal of 2,523 personnel, divided as follows: Civilian, 1,396; military, ed troop strength for Fort Bragg in fiscal year 1952 is 48,968. To strength, there is included in this budget 4,571 positions of which ilian positions. The actual utilization and planned utilization at onform very well to our general pattern. Detailed data are available

Breckinridge, Ky., as of April 30, 1951, the records show that for sary strength of 23,882, the total personnel for support were 2,116, follows: Military, 832, civilian 1,284.

nst our general pattern support the utilization in almost all respects. sis and adjustment of the requests of the agencies they are conreviewed by the Secretary of the Army, Secretary of Defense and the Budget in the process of which further adjustments may be

fing ratios have been established by the Bureau of the Budget and uthority. Some examples of these are:

lian personnel administration: One for each 80 on the payroll. pitals: Over-all staffing ratio for general hospitals has been estab134 for each 100 occupied beds in the proportion of 60 percent and 40 percent civilian. For station and specialized treatment the ratio has been established at 151 for each 100 occupied beds portion of 55 percent military and 45 percent civilian.

odial service: One person for each 15,000 square feet of adminisor space.

I maintenance of administrative vehicles: One person for each s serviced.

1.

l auditing: One person for each 2,000 vouchers audited processed

aration for storage of automobile equipment: One person for each rocessed per month.

anagement studies have been made over a period of years which us to determine the number of personnel required in our depots. en established for the various services to fit the actual conditions; handling the heavy equipment of the Ordnance and Engineers, a of personnel per ton is required than in handling the same tonnage cal, or chemical equipment, which consists of many more items. pplicable to all have been established to provide checks on the onnel required, based on the number of line items processed for nent. Ratios on the number of items have also been established mber of personnel required to keep and post our stock records and ccounts.

t maximum economy of personnel is practiced in the field and that e Congress in the field of personnel utilization, the Department of tains careful administrative control of all personnel and funds. Department of the Army has placed the control of all military civilian personnel under a single group the Manpower Control