tributor to the edition of "Thucydides," which goes by the name of "Wassii et Dukeri," Amst. 1721, 2 vols. fol. He died of an apoplexy, November 19, 1738,. and was succeeded in his living of Aynhoe by Dr. Yarborough, afterwards principal of Brasenose college, Oxford, who purchased part of his collection of books, many of them replete with MS notes and collections of MSS. by Mr. Wasse. They are now in the library of that college, by the kindness of the heirs of Dr. Yarborough. John Whiston adds that Wasse was "6 a facetious man in conversation, but a heavy preacher; a very deserving charitable man, and universally esteemed." A considerable part of his library appeared in one of Whiston's sale catalogues.

WATERHOUSE (EDWARD), a heraldic and miscellaneous writer, was born in 1619. He had a learned education, and resided some time at Oxford, for the sake of the Bodleian Library there; but was not a member of that 'university. Soon after the passing of the second charter of the Royal Society, he was proposed on the 22d July, 1668, candidate for election into it; and chosen the 29th of the same month; being admitted the 5th August. He afterwards entered into holy orders, by the persuasion of Dr. Sheldon, archbishop of Canterbury, in 1668. He was twice married to his first wife he had Mary, daughter and heiress of Robert Smith, alias Carrington, by Magdalen his wife, daughter of Robert Hervey, esq. comptroller of the custom-house to James the First; secondly to Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Richard Bateman of Hartington in Derbyshire, and London, esq. by Christiana, his first wife, daughter of William Stone, of London, esq. who died, leaving him one son, and two daughters; the daughters only survived him. He died 30th May, 1670, aged fifty-one, at his house at Mile-end-green, and was interred June 2d, at Greenford in Middlesex, where he had an estate. He was author of the following works, some of which are much sought after at present: 1. "An Apology for Learning and Learned Men," 1653, Svo. 2. "Two Contemplations of Magnanimity and Acquaintance with God," 1653, 8vo. 3. A Discourse of the Piety, Policy, and Charity of Elder Times, and Christians," 1655, 12mo.

1 Nichols's Bowyer.-MS Account by Whiston the bookseller.-Whiston's Life.-Gent. Mag. vol. LXXVIII.-Dibdin's Classics.

4." A Defence of Arms and Armory," 1660, 8vo; with a frontispiece of his quarterings. 5. "Fortescutus illustra tus; or, a Commentary on sir John Fortescue, lord chancellour to Henry VI. his book, De Laudibus legum Angliæ," 1663, fol. with a fine portrait of Waterhouse, by Loggan, and of sir John Fortescue, by Faithorne. 6. "The Gentleman's Monitor," 1665, 8vo, with a portrait by Horlocks.

WATERLAND (DANIEL), a learned English divine, and able assertor of the doctrine of the Trinity, was born Feb. 14, 1683, at Waseley, or Walesly, in the Lindsey division of Lincolnshire, of which parish his father, the rev. Henry Waterland, was rector. He received his early education partly at Flixborough, of which also his father was rector, under his curate Mr. Sykes, and partly under his father, until he was fit to be sent to the free-school at Lincoln, then in great reputation. His uncommon diligence and talents recommended him to the notice of Mr. Samuel Garmstone and Mr. Antony Read, the two successive masters of that school, at whose request, besides the ordinary exercises, he frequently performed others, which were so excellent as to be handed about for the honour of the school. In 1699, he went to Cambridge, and on March 30, was admitted of Magdalen college, under the tuition of Mr. Samuel Barker. In December 1702 he obtained a scholarship, and proceeding A. B. in Lent term following, was elected fellow in Feb. 1703-4. He then took pupils, and was esteemed a good teacher. In 1706 he commenced A. M. In February 1713, on the death of Dr. Gabriel Quadrin, master of the college, the earl of Suffolk and Binden, in whose family the right is vested, conferred the mastership upon Mr. Waterland, who having taken holy orders, was also presented by that nobleman to the rectory of Ellingham in Norfolk. But this made little or no addition to his finances, as he gave almost the whole revenue of it to his curate, his own residence being necessary at college, where he still continued to take pupils, and for their advantage wrote his "Advice to a young student, with a method of study for the first four years," which went through several editions.

In 1714, he took the degree of bachelor of divinity, at the exercise for which he gave a proof of no common abi

1 Ath. Ox. vol. II.-Gent. Mag. vol. LXII. and LXVI.—Communication by a descendant.

lities. He chose for his first question, upon which consequently his thesis was made, "Whether Arian subscription be lawful?" a question, says Mr. Seed, worthy of him who abhorred all prevarications, and had the capacity to see through and detest those evasive arts, with which some would palliate their disingenuity. When Dr. James, the professor, had endeavoured to answer his thesis, and embarrass the question with the dexterity of a person. long practised in all the arts of a subtle disputant, he immediately replied in an extempore discourse of about half an hour long, with such an easy flow of proper and significant words, and such an undisturbed presence of mind, as if he had been reading, what he afterwards printed, "The case of the Arian subscription considered." He unravelled the professor's fallacies, reinforced his own reasoning, and shewed himself so perfect a master of the language, the subject, and himself, that all agreed no one ever appeared to greater advantage. He was on this occasion happy in a first opponent Mr. (afterwards the celebrated bishop) Sherlock, who gave full play to his abilities, and called for all that strength of reason of which he was master. One singular consequence is said to have followed this exercise. Dr. Clarke, in the second edition of his "Scripture Doctrine," &c. published in 1719, omitted the following words, which were in his former edition of that book: "It is plain that a man may reasonably agree to such forms (of subscription to the thirty-nine articles) whenever he can in any sense at all reconcile them with scripture." This is remarked by our author in the preface to his vindication of Christ's divinity, as redounding to Dr. Clarke's honour, and it is well known that Dr. Clarke afterwards constantly refused subscription.

On the death of Dr. James, regius professor of divinity, Mr. Waterland was generally considered as fit to succeed him, but his great esteem for Dr. Bentley, who was elected, prevented bis using his interest. He was soon after appointed one of the chaplains in ordinary to George I. who, on a visit to Cambridge in 1717, honoured him with the degree of D. D. without his application; and in this degree he was incorporated at Oxford, with a handsome encomium from Dr. Delaune, president of St. John's college in that university. In 1719, he gave the world the first specimen of his abilities on a subject which has contributed most to his fame.

He now published the first "Defence of his Que

ries," in vindication of the divinity of Christ, which engaged him in a controversy with Dr. Clarke. (See CLARKE, p. 409.) The "Queries" which he thus defended were originally drawn up for the use of Mr. John Jackson the rector of Rossington in Yorkshire (See JACKSON, p. 420), and it was intended that the debate should be carried on by private correspondence; but Jackson having sent an answer to the "Queries," and received Waterland's reply, acquainted him that both were in the press, and that he must follow him thither, if he wished to prolong the controversy. On this Dr. Waterland published "A vindication of Christ's Divinity: being a defence of some queries, &c. in answer to a clergyman in the country;" which being soon attacked by the Arian party, our author published in 1723, "A second vindication of Christ's Divinity, or, a second defence of some queries relating to Dr. Clarke's scheme of the holy Trinity, in answer to the country clergyman's reply," &c. This, which is the longest, has always been esteemed Dr. Waterland's most accurate performance on the subject. We are assured that it was finished and sent to the press in two months; but it was a subject he had frequently revolved, and that with profound attention. In answer to this work, Dr. Clarke published in the following year, "Observations on the second defence," &c. to which Dr. Waterland replied in "A farther defence of Christ's divinity," &c. It was not to be expected that these authors would agree, as Dr. Clarke was for explaining the text in favour of the Trinity, by what he called the maxims of right reasoning, while Dr. Waterland, bowing to the mysterious nature of the subject, considered it as a question above reason, and took the texts in their plain and obvious sense, as, he proved, the fathers had done before him.

A short time before the commencement of this controversy, Dr. Waterland had attacked a position in Dr. Whitby's "Disquisitiones modestæ in Bulli defensionem fidei Nicene," which produced an answer from Whitby, entitled "A reply to Dr. Waterland's objections against Dr. Whitby's Disquisitiones." This induced our author to publish in the same year (1718) "An answer to Dr. Whitby's Reply; being a vindication of the charges of fallacies, misquotations, misconstructions, misrepresentations, &c. respecting his book, entitled 'Disquisitiones modestæ, in a letter to Dr. Whitby'."

In consequence of the reputation which Dr. Waterland had acquired by his first publication on this subject, he was appointed by Dr. Robinson, bishop of London, to preach the first course of sermons at the lecture founded by lady Moyer. This he accomplished in 1720, and afterwards printed in "Eight Sermons, &c. in defence of the Divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ," &c. 8vo, and in the preface informs us that they may be considered as a supplement to his "Vindication of Christ's Divinity." In 1721 Dr. Waterland was promoted by the dean and chapter of St. Paul's to the rectory of St. Austin's and St. Faith's, and in 1723 to the chancellorship of the church of York, by archbishop Dawes. The same year he published his "History of the Athanasian Creed," which he undertook in order to rescue this venerable form of faith from Dr. Clarke's censures, who had gone so far as to apply to the prelates to have it laid aside. In 1727, upon the application of lord Townsend, secretary of state, and Dr. Gibson, bishop of London, his majesty collated him to a canonry of Windsor; and in 1730, he was presented by the dean and chapter to the vicarage of Twickenham in Middlesex. Qn this he resigned his living of St. Austin and St. Faith, objecting to holding two benefices at the same time with the cure of souls; but as this principle did not affect his holding the archdeaconry of Middlesex, he accepted that preferment this year, given him by bishop Gibson.

Dr. Clarke's exposition of the Church Catechism being published in 1730, our author immediately printed some remarks upon it, with a view to point out what he esteemed to be dangerous passages in that exposition, and to counteract their influence. In the prosecution of this design, he advanced a position concerning the comparative value of positive and moral duties, which drew him into a controversy with Dr. Sykes. Sykes having published an answer to Dr. Waterland's "Remarks," the latter replied in a pamphlet, entitled "The nature, obligation, and efficacy of the Christian Sacraments considered; as also the comparative value of moral and positive duties distinctly stated and cleared." Other pamphlets passed between them on the same subject, until Dr. Waterland's attention was called to Tindal's deistical publication of "Christianity as old as the Creation." Against this, he wrote "Scripture vindicated, in answer to Christianity as old as the Creation," 1730—1732, three parts; and two charges to the clergy of the archdea