bey and the Chapel-royal. He married Elizabeth daughter and co-heir of John Somerville, of Somerville Aston le Warwick; by whom he had issue one son, Philip, our author, and two daughters; Arabella, married to Henry Clerke, esq. and afterwards married to Christopher Turnor, of the Middle Temple, esq. barrister at law, who, at the Restoration, was knighted, and made a baron of the exchequer.

Sir Philip Warwick was born in the parish of St. Margaret's, Westminster, in the year 1608. He was educated at Eton-school, and afterwards travelled into France, and was some time at Geneva, where he studied under the famous Diodati. When he returned from abroad, he became secretary to the lord treasurer Juxon; and a clerk of the signet. He was diplomated bachelor of law at Oxford April 11th, 1638, and in 1640 was elected burgess for Radnor in Wales, and was one of the fifty-six who gave a negative to the bill of attainder against the earl of Strafford. Disapproving afterwards of the conduct of parliament, he went to the king at Oxford, and was for this desertion (by a vote of the House, Feb. 5, 1643), disabled from sitting there. Whilst at Oxford, he lodged in University-college, and his counsel was much relied upon by the king. In 1643, he was sent to the earl of Newcastle in the north, to persuade him to march southerly, which he could not be prevailed to comply with, "designing (as sir Peter Warwick perceived) to be the man who should turn the scale, and to be a self-subsisting and distinct army wherever he was." In 1646, he was one of the king's commissioners to treat with the parliament for the surrender of Oxford; and in the following year he attended the king to the Isle of Wight in the capacity of secretary; and there desiring, with some others, a leave of absence to look after their respective affairs, he took leave of the king, and never saw him more. Besides being engaged in these important commissions, he took up arms in the royal cause; one time serving under captain Turberville, who lost his life near Newark, at another in what was called the Troop of Show, consisting of noblemen, gentlemen, and their attendants, in all about 500 horse, whose property taken together was reckoned at 100,000l. per annum, and who, by his majesty's permission, (they, being his guards,) had the honour of being engaged in the first charge at the battle of Edgehill.

He was busily engaged in private conferences with the chief promoters of the Restoration; but this he does not relate to creep into a little share in bringing back the king," as he attributed that event to more than earthly wisdom. In the first parliament called by Charles II. he was returned burgess for his native city of Westminster, and about that time received the honour of knighthood, and was restored to his place of clerk of the signet. He was likewise employed by the virtuous earl of Southampton as secretary to the treasury, in which office he acquitted himself with such abilities and integrity as did honour to them both, and in which post he continued till the death of that earl in 1667. The loss which the public sustained in his retirement from business is handsomely acknowledged in one of sir William Temple's letters to our author.

He married, about the year 1638, Dorothy, daughter of Thomas Hutton of Mash, Yorkshire, by whom he had an only son Philip. Towards the end of Charles the First's reign he purchased the seat called Frognal, in the parish of Chiselhurst, in Kent, now or lately the seat of lord viscount Sidney; and about the year 1647, he married, to his second wife, dame Joan, widow of sir William Botteler, bart, who was killed in the battle at Cropredy-bridge, and daughter of sir Henry Fanshaw, of More-park, a near kinswoman to General Fairfax.

Sir Peter Warwick died January 15th, 1682-3, in the seventy-fourth year of his age. His only child, Philip (who married Elizabeth, second daughter and co-heiress of John lord Freskville, of Stavely-le-Derby, by whom he had no issue, died at Newmarket the 26th of March following, as he was returning post from Sweden (where he was envoy) to take his last farewell of his father. She was afterwards fourth wife of John earl of Holdernesse.

By will, proved April 5, 1683, sir Peter Warwick left to the parish of Chiselhurst 100l. to be placed out at interest for apprenticing a boy in the sea-service. To his native parish of St. Margaret, Westminster, the like sum for the same purpose; and towards the building of St. Paul's church 100/.; to sir Charles Cotterill the little seal of his old master king Charles.

Dr. Smith, the learned editor of sir Peter Warwick's "Discourse of Government," says, "That the author was a gentleman of sincere piety, of strict morals, of a great

and vast understanding, and of a very solid judgment; and that, after his retiring into the country, he addicted himself to reading, study, and meditation; and, being very assiduous in his contemplations, he wrote a great deal on various subjects, his genius not being confined to any one particular study and learning." What we have, however, of his in print is, "A Discourse of Government, as examined by reason, scripture, and the law of the land, written in 1678," and published by Dr. Thomas Smith in 1694, with a preface, which, being displeasing to the then administration, was suffered to remain but in very few copies *. His principal work was, "Memoirs of the Reign of King Charles I. with a Continuation to the Restoration;" adorned with a head of the author after Lely, engraved by White, and taken at a later period of his life than that which appeared in the "Gentleman's Magazine" for Sept. 1790. The Memoirs were published in 1701, 8vo; and to which is not unfrequently added his "Discourse on Government," before mentioned. This History, with several others of the time of Charles I. have this peculiar merit, that the authors of them were both actors and sufferers in the interesting scenes which they describe. Our author is justly allowed to be exceeded by none of them in candour and integrity. There is likewise ascribed to our author "A Letter to Mr. Lenthal, shewing that Peace is better than War," small 8vo, of 10 pages, published anonymously, 1646; and in the British Museum some recommendatory letters from him in favour of Mr. Collins the mathematician; which are published in Birch's "History of the Royal Society;" and in the Life of Collins, in the new edition of the "Biographia Britannica."1

WASE (CHRISTOPHER), a man of considerable learning, was born at Hackney in Middlesex, and admitted scholar of King's-college, Cambridge, Nov. 25, 1645. Before he was made junior fellow, he turned Grotius's "Baptizatorum puerorum institutio," from the original Latin verse into Greek verse, which was published by his schoolmaster at Eton, Dr. Nicholas Grey, under the title, "Hugonis Grotii baptizatorum puerorum institutio; cui accesserunt Græca ejusdem metaphrasis a Christophero Wase Regalis Coll. Cantab. et Anglicana versio a Francisco Goldsmith, Ar*This seems doubtful. See Granger's Letters, published by Malcolm, pp. 385, 387, 389. 1 Gent. Mag. vol. LX.-Granger, and Granger's Letters.

migero, una cum luculentis e S. S. testimoniis, a N. G. scholæ Etonensis informatore," Lond. 1647, 8vo. A second edition of this appeared in 1650, and a third in 1668, with a somewhat different title, and the addition of a "Praxis in Græcam metaphrasin per Barthol. Beale.”

Mr. Wase was afterwards made fellow of King's-college, and went out bachelor of arts. In 1650 he published an English translation in verse of the "Electra" of Sophocles. For something offensive in the preface of this translation, or some other accusation by the parliamentary party, which is not quite clear, (Walker says he delivered a feigned letter from the king to Dr. Collins) he was ejected from his fellowship, and obliged to leave the kingdom. He was afterwards taken at sea, and imprisoned at Gravesend, from which he contrived to escape, and served in the Spanish army against the French. He was taken prisoner in an engagement, but released soon after, and came to England, where he was appointed tutor to William lord Herbert, eldest son to the earl of Pembroke and Montgomery. To this nobleman he dedicated "Gratii Falisci Cynegeticon, a poem on hunting by Gratius, &c." Lond. 1654, 8vo. This translation, and his comment on that elegant poem, are sufficient proof of his abilities. Waller addressed a copy of verses to him on his performance.

In 1655 he proceeded M. A. and was schoolmaster of Dedham near Colchester in Essex, and about the same time married. He was afterwards made master of the freeschool of Tunbridge in Kent, probably about 1660. While here he published his "Dictionarium Minus; a compendious Dictionary English-Latin, and Latin-English," Lond. 1662, 4to. In 1671 he was elected superior beadle of law in the university of Oxford, and printer or architypographus to the same university. The same year be published "Cicero against Cataline, in four invective orations; containing the whole manner of discovering that notorious conspiracy," Lond. 8vo. This was followed by "The History of France under the ministry of cardinal Mazarine, written in Latin by Benjamin Priolo," Lond. 8vo. In 1678 he published at Oxford, "Considerations concerning free-schools as settled in England," 8vo; and in 1687, "Christopheri Wasii Senarius, sive de legibus et licentia veterum poetarum," Oxon. 4to. He wrote also "Structuræ Nonianæ," and appears to have been concerned in an edition of sir John Spelman's life of king

Alfred. Hearne says he translated it into Latin, and published it at Oxford in a thin folio, with a commentary by Obadiah Walker, master of University-college. He died Aug. 29, 1690, and appears to have been a man of great parts, and a very considerable sufferer for his loyalty. Hearne, at p. 20 of his discourse, prefixed to the eighth volume of Leland's Itinerary, stiles him "that eminent philologer," and makes honourable mention of a son of his of the same name, who was fellow of Corpus Christicollege, Oxford. He died, B. D. 1711, aud was buried at Corpus, where is an inscription to his memory.1

WASHINGTON (GEORGE), commander in chief of the armies, and first president of the United States of America, was born Feb. 11, 1732, in the parish of Washington, Virginia. He was descended from an ancient family in Cheshire, of which a branch had been established in Virginia about the middle of the seventeenth century. No remarkable circumstances have transpired of his education or his early youth; and we should not indeed expect any marks of that disorderly prematureness of talent, which is so often fallacious, in a character whose distinguishing praise was to be regular and natural. His classical instruction was probably small, such as the private tutor of a Virginian country gentleman could at that period have imparted; and if his opportunities of information had been more favourable, the time was too short to profit by them. Before he was twenty he was appointed a major in the Colonial militia, and he had very early occasion to display those political and military talents, of which the exertions on a greater theatre have since made his name so famous throughout the world.

The plenipotentiaries who framed the treaty of Aix la Chapelle, by leaving the boundaries of the British and French territories in North America unfixed, had sown the seeds of a new war, at the moment when they concluded a peace. The limits of Canada and Louisiana, furnished a motive, or a pretext, for one of the most suc cessful but one of the most bloody and wasteful wars in which Great Britain had ever been engaged. In the disputes which arose between the French and English officers on this subject, major Washington was employed by the

1 Cole's MS Athenæ in Brit. Mus.-Walker's Sufferings:-Hearne's Life of Alfred.-Harwood's Alumni Etonenses.