It was partial, and it was defective. It will however always be read, as the last, and evidently an elaborate production of bishop Hurd, and as the ablest apology that can be offered for the failings of his friend. Since bishop Hurd's death, the characteristics of both the author and biographer were amply displayed in a volume of very curious "Letters" which passed between Warburton and Hurd during a long course of years. To these must be added, although we less approve the motive and the spirit which produced such a publication, a volume that appeared in 1789, with the title, "Tracts by Warburton and a Warburtonian, not admitted in their works," 8vo. Throughout Mr. Nichols's "Literary Anecdotes," likewise, but especially in vol. V. may be found many interesting particulars of bishop Warburton and his friends, and many of his letters, contributed from various authentic sources.

1

WARD (EDWARD), a poet and miscellaneous writer, wasof low extraction, and born in Oxfordshire about 1667. Jacob said of him, in his Lives of the Poets, that he kept a public house in the city, but in a genteel way, which was

an age of ability and learned independence, they had erected their leader into a monarch of literature, and whoever presumed to contest his claim was, without ceremony, sacrificed to it, while with the raucour which ever pursues this single species of delinquency, the mangled limbs of the departed enemy were held up with savage derision to the scorn or commiseration of mankind.

"But even among the disciples of the Warburtonian school, Hurd assuredly was not the man whom we should have wished to select for the delicate and invidious task of embalming his patron's remains. Subtle and sophistical, elegant, but never forcible, bis heart was cold, though his admiration was excessive. He wanted that power

of real genius, which is capable of being fired by the contemplation of excellence, till it partakes of the heat and flame of its object. On the other hand, he wanted nothing of that malignity which is incident to the coolest tempers, of that cruel and anatomical faculty, which, in dissecting the character of an antagonist, can lay bare, with professional indifference, the qui vering fibres of an agonized victimFor this purpose his instrument was irony; and few practitioners have ever employed that, or any other, more un-" feelingly than did the biographer of Warburton, even when the ground of complaint was almost imperceptible, as in the cases of Leland and Jortin.

"To the author of the Delicacy of Friendship, however, the office of biographer to Warburton, whether wisely or otherwise, was in fact consigned; and it cannot be denied, that he has executed his task in a style of elegance and purity worthy of an earlier and better age of English literature." Quarterly Review, ubi supra.

1 Life by Hurd.-Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.-Quarterly Review, No. XIV. in the review of the octavo edition of Warburton's Works, published in 1811.

much frequented by those who were adverse to the Whig administration. Ward, however, was affronted when he read this account, not because it made him an enemy to the Whigs, or the keeper of a public house, but because his house was said to be in the city. In a book, therefore,

called "Apollo's Maggot," he declared this account to be a great falsity, protesting that his public house was not in the city, but in Moorfields. Oldys says he lived a while in Gray'sInu, and for some years after kept a public house in Moorfields, then in Clerkenwell, and lastly a punch-house in Fulwood's-Rents, within one door of Gray's-Inn, where he would entertain any company who invited him with many stories and adventures of the poets and authors he had acquaintance with. He was honoured with a place in the "Dunciad" by Pope, whom, however he contrived to vex, by retorting with some spirit. He died June 20, 1731, and was buried the 27th of the same mouth in St. Pancras church-yard, with one mourning-coach for his wife and daughter to attend his hearse, as himself had directed in his poetical will, which was written by him June 24, 1725. This will was printed in Appleby's Journal, Sept. 28, 1731. Ward is most distinguished by his well-known "London Spy," a coarse, but in some respect a true, description of London manners. He wrote one dramatic piece, called "The Humours of a Coffee-house," and some poems in the Hudibrastic style, but not "England's Reformation," as asserted in Mr. Reed's edition of the Biog. Dram. 1782. That was the production of Thomas Ward, who will be mentioned hereafter. 1

1

WARD (JOHN), a learned and useful writer, was born in London about 1679. His father was a dissenting minister of the same name, boru at Tysoe, in Warwickshire, who married Constancy Rayner, a woman of extraordinary piety and excellence of temper, by whom he had fourteen children. She died in April 1697, when her funeral sermon was preached and printed by the Rev. Walter Crosse; and Mr. Ward survived her twenty years, dying Dec. 28, 1717, in the eighty-second year of his age. Of his numerous family he left only two, a daughter, and the subject of this article.

His son John appears to have early contracted a love for learning, and longed for a situation in which he could make

Cibber's Lives.-Jacob's Lives.-Biog. Dram.-Bowles's edition of Pope.

it his chief object. He was for some years a clerk in the navy office, and prosecuted his studies at his leisure hours with great eagerness, and had the assistance of a Dr. John Ker, who appears to have been originally a physician, as he took his degree of M. D. at Leyden, but kept an academy at Highgate, and afterwards in St. John's-square, Clerkenwell. Mr. Ward continued in the navy-office until 1710, when he resigned his situation, and opened a school in Tenter-alley, Moorfields, which he kept for many years, being more desirous, as he said, to converse even with boys upon subjects of literature, than to transact the ordinary affairs of life with men. In 1712, he became one of the earliest members of a society of gentlemen, who agreed to meet once a week, or as often as their affairs would permit, to prepare and read discourses, each in his turn, upon the civil law, and the law of nature and nations. In the prosecution of this laudable design, they went through the "Corpus Juris civilis," Grotius "De Jure belli et pacis," Puffendorff "De officio hominis et civis," and ended with Cicero "De Officiis." Some of the society were divines, and some lawyers; and as their affairs from time to time obliged any of them to leave the society, they were succeeded by others. But in order to preserve a perfect harmony and agreement among themselves, it was always a standing rule not to admit any new member, till he was first proposed by one of their number, and approved of by all the rest. This society, with some occasional interruptions, was kept up till Michaelmas-term 1742. Several of the members were afterwards persons of distinction both in church and state, and Mr. Ward continued highly esteemed among them while the society subsisted.

In 1712, he published a small piece in Latin, octavo, entitled "De ordine, sive de venusta et eleganti tum vocabulorum, tum membrorum sententiæ collocatione," &c. When Ainsworth was employed to compile an account of the antiquities collected by Mr. John Kemp, which he published under the title of "Monumenta Vetustatis Kempiana," Mr. Ward furnished him with the descriptions and explanations of several of the statues and lares, and with the essay "De vasis et lucernis, de amuletis, de annulis et fibulis," and the learned commentary "De asse et partibus ejus," which had been printed in 1719. About this time Mr. Ward was so eminent for his knowledge of polite

literature, as well as antiquities, that on Sept. 1, 1720, he was chosen professor of rhetoric in Gresham college, and, on Oct. 28 following, made his inaugural oration there, "De usu et dignitate artis dicendi." Gresham-college was then in existence, and the appointment to a professorship a matter of some consequence; but after the venerable building was pulled down, and the lecturers removed to a paltry room in the Royal Exchange, the public ceased to take any interest in them.

In 1723, he published a Latin translation of the eighth edition of Dr. Mead's celebrated "Discourse of the Plague," that author not approving of the translation of the first edition by Maittaire, which was never printed. In the same year Mr. Ward was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, of which he became a vice-president in 1752, and continued in that office until his death. In 1724, he subjoined to an edition of Vossius's "Elementa Rhetorica," printed at London, a treatise "De Ratione interpungendi," containing a system of clear and easy rules with regard to pointing, superior to what had before appeared on that subject. In 1726, when Dr. Middleton published his dissertation "De Medicorum apud veteres Romanos degentium conditione," Ward answered it, at the suggestion of Mead, and a short controversy took place (See MIDDLETON), which has been already noticed. When Buckley was about to print his splendid edition of Thuanus, Mr. Ward translated his three letters to Dr. Mead into Latin. In 1732, at the request of the booksellers who were proprietors of Lily's grammar, he gave a very correct edition of it, and in the preface a curious history of that work. The same year he contributed to Horsley's "Britannia Romana" an "Essay on Peutinger's table, so far as it relates to Britain." He had also communicated many remarks to Horsley; and Ward's copy, now in the British Museum, contains many MS corrections and additions.

In Feb. 1735-6, Mr. Ward was chosen a member of the society of antiquaries, and in 1747, being proposed by Roger Gale, esq. one of the vice-presidents, was elected director on the resignation of Dr. Birch, who, from an inflammation in his eyes, had been prevented for some months from performing the business of it; and in 1753 he was appointed one of the vice-presidents, which office he held until his death. In 1736 he assisted Ainsworth in the publication of his Dictionary, and performed the same ser

vice to the subsequent editors, as long as he lived. In this same year he became a member of the Society for the encouragement of Learning, by printing valuable books at their own expence. During its existence, which, for various reasons, was not long, Mr. Ward had the care of the edition of Maximus Tyrius, to which he contributed the prefatory dedication; and in the preface to the edition of "Elian de animalibus," the editor Abraham Gronovius is full of acknowledgments to Mr. Ward for his assistance in that work. In Dec. 1740, his "Lives of the Professors of Gresham College" were published at London, in folio, a work which Dr. Birch justly pronounces a considerable addition to the literary history of our country *. Of this also there is a copy in the British museum, with considerable MS additions by the author.

In 1741 he translated into Latin the life of Dr. Arthur Johnston, for auditor Benson's edition of that poet's Latin version of the Psalms; and in 1750 he addressed a Latin letter to Dr. Wishart, principal of the university of Edinburgh, which was the year following added to the principal's edition of Volusenus, or Wilson, "De animi tranquillitate." This probably led to the degree of doctor of laws, which the university of Edinburgh conferred upon Mr. Ward the same year. On the establishment of the British museum in 1753, Dr. Ward was elected one of the trustees, in which office he was singularly useful by his assiduous attendance, advice, and assistance in the formation of that establishment, and the construction of rules for rendering it a public benefit, which it is, however, now in a much higher degree than in Dr. Ward's time.

In July 1754 he published a new edition of Camden's "Greek Grammar" for Westminster school. The last work published by himself was his "Four Essays upon the English Language," which appeared in June 1758.

He died in the eightieth year of his age, at his apartments at Gresham college, Oct. 31, 1758, and was interred in the dissenters' burying ground in Bunhill-fields. He had prepared for the press his "System of Oratory, delivered in a course of lectures publicly read at Gresham college," which was accordingly published in 1758, 2 vols.

In the view of the college prefixed to this work, Ward paid a singular compliment to his friend Dr. Mead, by introducing him and his an

tagonist, Dr. Woodward, in the gateway, at the moment Woodward is kneeling and laying his sword at the feet of Dr. Mead.