However, it is recognized that:

a. The disposal of surpluses should not displace commercial sales of identical products traditionally carried out by other countries; and b. Such disposal cannot substitute for large scale financial and technical assistance programs.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF this Charter is signed, in Punta del Este, Uruguay, on the seventeenth day of August, nineteen hundred sixty

one.

The original texts shall be deposited in the archives of the Pan American Union, through the Secretary General of the Special Meeting, in order that certified copies may be sent to the Governments of the Member States of the Organization of American States.

[NOTE: This special meeting of the IA-ECOSOC also adopted and signed the following resolutions

A.1-"Ten-Year Education Program of the Alliance for Progress"

A.2 "Ten-Year Public Health Program of the Alliance for Progress"

A.3 "Taxation Program"

A.4 "Task Forces for Programming"

B.1-"Balance of Payments Credits for Economic Integration"

B.2 "Studies on Latin American Ports"

B.3—“Financing Studies of the Darien Region”

C.1-"Draft Declaration of Principles Recommended to the Coffee Study Group for Inclusion in the World Coffee Agreement"

C.2 "Internal Measures in Producing Countries for Regulating the Coffee Market"

C.3 "Appointment of a Committee to Negotiate the Elimination of Restrictions on Coffee Consumption"

C.4 "Facilities for the Export of Meat and Other Primary Products"

C.5 "Acceptance of Latin American Wools in European Futures Markets" C.6 "Restrictive Practices Affecting Imports of Wool and Other Basic Products in Their Various States of Processing"

C.7-"Tasks for the Secretariat"

D. "Annual Review of Economic and Social Progress and Annual Meetings of the Inter-American Economic and Social Council at the Ministerial Level"

E. "Public Opinion and the Alliance for Progress" (Texts in Alianza para el Progreso the Record of Punta del Este, pp. 17–39)]

"IT IS IMPERATIVE... THAT WE... DEMONSTRATE OUR SUPPORT FOR THE CHARTER OF PUNTA DEL ESTE BY ADOPTING LONG-TERM FOREIGN AID LEGISLATION": Statement Read by the Secretary of the Treasury (Dillon) at a News Conference, August 22, 1961 17

...

17 Department of State press release No. 587; the Department of State Bulletin, Sept. 11, 1961, pp. 441-446.

147. BOLIVIAN INQUIRY CONCERNING THE UNITED STATES DECISION TO SELL A PORTION OF THE STRATEGIC STOCKPILE OF TIN: Telegram From the President of Bolivia (Paz Estenssoro) to the President of the United States (Kennedy), September 16, 1961 19

I wish to express to you, Mr. President, the deep concern and alarm caused in Bolivia by the announcement of the American Government that it will sell a part of its strategic stockpile of tin in the market as a measure to avoid a rise in its price." On this occasion I must recall reiterated promises made by your illustrious Government to bear in mind the interests of Bolivia in the tin problem. Throwing on the market large tonnages of metal by the United States will make the price descend to a level harmful particularly for Bolivia, which is a high-cost producer, annulling completely the favorable situation which the international market now presents. This does not coincide with the aims stated in the documents of Punta del Este nor with the plans of the Alliance for Progress nor with those expressed specifically for Bolivia in your esteemed letter of May. The leadership exercised by the United States in the Western World makes it necessary to consider not only the interests of the great nations consumers of tin but also the position of small nations which are producers. I trust your Government will be able to find a solution which takes into consideration Bolivian interests in harmony with the traditionally good relations which exist between our peoples. With my highest consideration.

148. PERUVIAN-UNITED STATES DISCUSSION OF "THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF LATIN AMERICA... IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PRINCIPLES ESTABLISHED IN THE CHARTER OF PUNTA DEL ESTE": Joint Communiqué Issued at Washington by the President of the United States (Kennedy) and the President of Peru (Prado), September 21, 1961 22

Dr. Manuel Prado, President of the Republic of Peru, is making a state visit to the United States at the invitation of President Kennedy," with a view to strengthening the already friendly relations prevailing between the two countries. In keeping with this objective, the two Presidents have held conversations characterized by a spirit of cordiality, frankness and understanding. They discussed a number of matters of bilateral interest as well as other important problems in international relations.

19

Unofficial translation printed in the Department of State Bulletin, Nov. 6, 1961, p. 773.

19 Reference to the General Services Administration news release No. 1505, Sept. 5, 1961, which reads in part as follows: "The General Services Administration today announced that it has requested Congress to authorize the disposal of 50,000 long tons of pig tin which have been declared excess to national stockpile needs."

20 See ante, docs. 145 and 146.

21 Ante, doc. 135.

22 White House press release dated Sept. 21, 1961 (text as printed in the Department of State Bulletin, Oct. 23, 1961, pp. 675-676).

23

President Prado's visit covered the period Sept. 18-29; his Sept. 21 address before a joint session of the Congress is printed ibid., pp. 676-678.

The Presidents in their discussions affirmed their adherence to the principles of the Alliance for Progress. They stressed the great importance of the economic and social development of Latin America in order to achieve growing economies, with effective and continuing improvement in living standards, and thus to satisfy the urgent aspirations of its peoples for a more equitable participation in the life of their countries. Each Latin American country must therefore concentrate increasing efforts and make greater sacrifice toward such basic development. The United States for its part is prepared to assist in the realization of this objective in accordance with the principles established in the Charter of Punta del Este.24 With this in mind the Presidents considered various projects of importance to Peru's economic and social development. The United States will participate in emergency projects being initiated by the Peruvian Government in the critical Puno area.

The Presidents agreed that such development in Latin America would be facilitated by the formulation by each country of a national development plan to establish its own goals, priorities and reforms.

They also agreed that only by instituting reforms in such fields as land tenure, tax structure and the utilization of national income can the objective of integrated social and economic development be achieved.

President Prado emphasized that one of the essential problems in the case of Peru is the integration of the Indian population into the life of the country.

The Presidents agreed to the need for stimulating private investment in Peru and in all of Latin America. President Prado emphasized that Peru, because of its raw materials, its advanced legislation, its policy of free trade, monetary stability and the absence of exchange controls, offers excellent opportunities for foreign capital interested in participating with Peruvian capital in the growth of its promising economy. In order to encourage such investment, he stressed the desirability of eliminating double taxation.

Following a review of the international situation, the Presidents agreed on the need for a firm policy to confront the unceasing conspiracy of international Communism against the peace of the hemisphere and of the world, recognizing that the successes or failures of Communism wherever they may occur have direct or indirect repercussion in each and every nation.

The Presidents emphasized the importance of hemispheric unity for the preservation of peace and the development of harmonious relations among nations. Because of their traditions of liberty, faith in the human being and encouragement of individual initiative in all aspects of life, the Americas must serve as a bastion of these principles and a force for harmony in the world. Such unity is firmly founded upon long historic ties and a community of purpose of the nations of the hemisphere and on recognition and respect for the distinctive national character of each member of the American family.

As guiding principles governing the peaceful relationship of nations, fundamental to the Inter-American system, the Presidents reiterated the importance of nonintervention in the domestic affairs of other states and the right of self-determination of peoples by means of periodic, free and democratic elections to guarantee the rule of liberty, justice and individual social and human rights. They agreed that when an alien ideology establishes a foothold in the hemisphere or when its official and unofficial agents engage subversively in undermining constitutional order, this constitutes both a violation of the principle of nonintervention and a threat to all the nations of the hemisphere. The Presidents reasserted their adherence to the principles of the United Nations and of the Organization of American States, which are the embodiment of the fundamental precepts of the rule of law and justice, the faithful observance of international obligations and agreements, and the respect for national independence, identity and dignity. They call on all nations to reaffirm in their actions their adherence to the high principles of those two organizations.

The Presidents also discussed the similarity of the principles, particularly the principle of reciprocal assistance, which characterize the Organization of American States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. They agreed that it is more than ever essential that these regional organizations be alert to maintain and defend the civilization that is common to their members.

In conclusion, the two Chiefs of State reiterated their unwavering determination to foster and perfect the close cooperation that exists between their nations in matters of common interest both of regional consequence and of world importance.

149. ARGENTINE-UNITED STATES DISCUSSION OF "QUESTIONS RELATING TO POLITICAL SOLIDARITY AND THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS": Joint Communiqué Issued at New York City by the President of the United States (Kennedy) and the President of Argentina (Frondizi), September 26, 1961 25

The meeting between the Presidents of the United States and of the Republic of Argentina was held in the spirit of deep friendship and mutual respect which unites the two countries and which finds expression in the fruitful cooperation and close solidarity in ideals and aims that are common to the two nations.

On the basis of this spirit of understanding and common interest the two Presidents joined in conversation for four hours, during which time they considered subjects of the greatest relevance in the field of

25

'White House press release (Newport, R.I.) dated Sept. 26, 1961 (text as printed in the Department of State Bulletin, Oct. 30, 1961, pp. 719-721). The U.S. and the Argentine Presidents were in New York to address the U.N. General Assembly at the beginning of its 16th session; see ante, doc. 41, and U.N. doc. A/PV.1018, pp. 129–132.

cooperation between the two countries-questions relating to political solidarity and the economic and social development of the American continent, as well as serious world problems.

This frank understanding has made it possible to reaffirm the deep and unchangeable identity of purpose of the two nations, which, being based on a common historic tradition, has reached an unprecedented level, thanks to the work and effort of the two governments.

President Frondizi expressed to President Kennedy the full adherence of Argentina to the untiring efforts on the part of the United States directed toward the maintenance of world peace, the preservation and broadening of the full exercise of freedom, representative democracy and the dignity of man, as well as toward the fuller development of the economically underdeveloped countries. President Frondizi made especially clear to President Kennedy the extent to which Argentina looks favorably upon President Kennedy's effort to give United States international cooperation policies a dynamic, far-reaching, realistic and effective content, which answers the pressing needs of the present serious situation.

President Kennedy, in turn, expressed to President Frondizi the importance that the United States gives to the firm and sincere adherence on the part of Argentina to those common ideals and aims which, being characteristic of Western civilization, are the intrinsic and inherent values of the two nations. At the same time President Kennedy reiterated his firm decision to cooperate with President Frondizi, in the latter's effort to consolidate, once and for all, effective democratic institutions in Argentina, and to speed up, at an unprecedented rate, the economic development of his country. He expressed his assurance that these efforts contain a deep historic significance for this South American nation and constitute, by the same token, a decisive factor in the stabilization of democracy and the consolidation of social and economic progress in the entire Hemisphere. President Frondizi informed President Kennedy of the progress attained by his country in transforming its economic structure and the solid foundation of a modern nation. He reiterated the gratitude of his government for the extensive aid received from the United States towards that end.

President Frondizi also explained his country's basic current problems and needs which require an immediate solution so that gains already achieved can be consolidated and national development can be carried out in a progressive manner. In this connection, he pointed out to President Kennedy the importance of United States cooperation, and emphasized the renewed determination derived from the formulation of the Alliance for Progress, as approved at Punta del Este.26

President Kennedy reiterated to President Frondizi the terms of the declaration that was formulated at the White House on May 24 of this year." He stated that the present experience in Argentina constitutes an essential part of the Free World's effort to demonstrate, in 26 See ante, docs. 145 and 146.

эт Ante, doc. 137.