The Nature and Treatment of Anxiety Disorders |
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Page 147
... produce a metabolic alkalosis , whereas lactate production during exercise leads to metabolic acidosis . It has been shown that bicarbonate infusions may cause panic attacks , but Liebowitz et al . ( 1985c ) demonstrated that there was ...
... produce a metabolic alkalosis , whereas lactate production during exercise leads to metabolic acidosis . It has been shown that bicarbonate infusions may cause panic attacks , but Liebowitz et al . ( 1985c ) demonstrated that there was ...
Page 149
... produce pan- ic in ways similar to that of lactate infusion . Psychological Methods Several recent studies have used psychological manipulations to produce panic attacks . In one study , Margraf et al . , ( in press ) pro- vided real ...
... produce pan- ic in ways similar to that of lactate infusion . Psychological Methods Several recent studies have used psychological manipulations to produce panic attacks . In one study , Margraf et al . , ( in press ) pro- vided real ...
Page 316
... produce abnormally low amounts of parathyroid hormone . Para- thyroid hormone controls calcium metabolism and low levels result in hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia . The low calcemia results in muscular cramps and paresthesias in the ...
... produce abnormally low amounts of parathyroid hormone . Para- thyroid hormone controls calcium metabolism and low levels result in hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia . The low calcemia results in muscular cramps and paresthesias in the ...
Contents
Theories of Anxiety | 15 |
Anxiety Syndromes and Disorders | 43 |
An Overview of Symptom | 69 |
Copyright | |
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activity acute agoraphobia agoraphobic agoraphobic patients alcohol alprazolam antidepressants anxiety disorders anxiolytic anxious patients arousal assessment associated avoidance behavior therapy Behaviour Research benzodiazepines buspirone BZDs cause changes chapter clinical cognitive therapy common coping criteria depression developed diagnosis diazepam discussed dose drive drugs DSM-III-R evaluation experience experienced exposure therapy factors feeling frequently function heart rate hyperventilation iety imipramine important increased intensity intervention involved Journal of Psychiatry Joyce lactate locus coeruleus lorazepam MAOI measures medication ment months muscle occur onset panic attacks panic disorder panic disorder patients patients with panic percent person phenelzine physiologic practice present problems procedure propanolol Psychiatry psychological psychotherapy reduce relaxation reported Research and Therapy response self-efficacy self-statements sensations session side effects simple phobias social phobia social phobics somatic stimuli stress studies syndrome tasks TCAs theory therapeutic therapist thoughts tients tion treat treatment vivo exposure walk weeks withdrawal worry