from 12 to 16 looms and earning from $13 to $19 per week. On cotton goods, they did operate from 28 looms down according to style and construction. Now they have to operate from 40 looms down according to style and construction. In some rooms work load has been increased by laying one man off and adding his work to two others. Number of persons affected by these changes, approximately between 1,000 to 1,200 workers. Wage slash ranges from 2 to 40 percent n all departments. Some are being cut by being paid a standard pay and doing the same work as others and receiving $1 or $2 less than the others. In other words, management cutting at will.

Exposition Cotton Mill, Atlanta, Ga.-Wages reduced below code minimum; hours increased on most all nonproductive workers; machine load increased. Georgia Duck & Cordage Mill.-Hours increased and machine load increased. Piedmont Cotton Mill, Atlanta, Ga.-$9 per week maximum; all workers on 60 hours per week; production requirements increased.

Egan Cotton Mill, Atlanta, Ga.—Wages below code minimum; hourly increase. Martell Mill, Atlanta, Ga.-Wages below code minimum; hourly increases; production requirements increased.

Gate City Cotton Mill, Atlanta, Ga.-Wages below code minimum; working splitshift hours for some operators; machine load increased.

Fulton Bag & Cotton Mill, Atlanta, Ga.-Wages below code minimum; hours increased on all nonproductive workers; production requirements increased. Atlanta Woolen Mills, Atlanta, Ga.-Wages below code minimum by using docking system; hours increased on nonproductive workers; stretchout. Pacolet Manufacturing Co., Gainesville, Ga.-Some wage reductions; hours increased on nonproductive workers; machine load increased.

Jefferson Cotton Mill, Jefferson, Ga.-Wages below code minimum; hours increased to 55 hours per week; production requirements increased.

Pepperton Cotton Mill, Jackson, Ga.-Wages below code minimum; hours increased; nonproductive workers.

Harmony Grove Mill, Commerce, Ga.-Wages below code minimum; 55 hours per week; production requirements increased.

Bibb Manufacturing Co., Porterdale, Ga.-Wages below code minimum; hours increased on all nonproductive workers; plenty of stretch-out.

Covington Cotton Mill, Covington, Ga.-Wages below code minimum; some increase in hours; plenty of stretch-out.

Hightower Cotton Mills, Thomaston, Ga.-Wages below code minimum; some increase in hours; under Bedeaux system.

Callaway Cotton Mills, LaGrange, Manchester, and Milstead, Ga.-Wages reduced below code minimum; hours increased on nonproductive workers; all under Bedeaux system.

Whittier Cotton Mills, Chattahoochee, Ga.-Wages reduced to below code minimum; some increase in hours.

Villa Rica Cotton Mill, Villa Rica, Ga.-Wages below code minimum; hours increased to 55 hours per week; stretch-out.

Roswell Mills, Inc., Roswell, Ga.-Wages below code minimum; working 60 hours per week.

Beaver-Lois Mill, Douglasville, Ga.-Wages below code minimum; hours increased on nonproductive workers; increased machine load.

Trio Manufacturing Co., Forsyth, Ga.—Wages reduced to below code minimum; hours increased on nonproductive workers; stretch-out.

Gainesville Mill, Gainesville, Ga.-Wages below code minimum; hours increased on nonproductive workers; stretch-out.

Arnell Cotton Mill and Arnee Cotton Mill, Newnan, Ga.-Wages below code minimum; hours increased on nonproductive workers; stretch-out.

Acworth Mills, Acworth, Ga.-Wages reduced to below code minimum; working 55 hours per week.

Aragon Mills, Aragon, Ga.-Wages reduced to below code minimum; hours increased in some departments; stretch-out.

Mandeville Mills, Carrollton, Ga.-Wages reduced to below code minimum; hours increased on nonproductive workers; stretch-out.

Mary Leila Cotton Mill, Greensboro, Ga.-Wages reduced to below code minimum; hours increased on nonproductive workers; long draft system and stretchout.

Dunson Mills, LaGrange, Ga.-Wages below code minimum; hours increased on nonproductive workers; increased machine load.

Monroe Cotton Mills, Monroe, Ga.-Wages reduced to below code minimum; hours increased for some workers; increased machine load.

Walton Cotton Mills, Monroe, Ga.-Wages reduced to below code minimum; hours increased for some workers; increased machine load.

Strickland Cotton Mill, Remerton, Ga.-Wages reduced to below code minimum; some increase in hours; long draft system and stretch-out.

Scottdale Mills, Scottdale, Ga.-Some wage reduction; some workers exceeding 40 hours per week.

South Brighton Mills, Shannon, Ga.-Drastic wage reductions; some deparments on 55 hours; increased machine load.

NOTE.-Wage reduced below code minimum has in some instances been brought about by increased hours, by increasing the production requirements, and by reducing piece rates, by placing penalties on workers for failing to reach certain production requirements and by the docking system. Hour increases are most general with nonproductive workers, such as maintenance crews, warehouse, and office workers. In quite a few instances we find workers working an extra shift from 1 to 2 days per week. Some plants are using split shifts, requiring the workers to report on the first shift and work so many hours and report back on second shift to work so many hours. By so doing one worker or more are out of a job. Many plants are now running some parts on Saturday. The stretchout is practiced in many forms. The Bedeaux system and other specialization systems reduced wages and in some instances carry penalties where the worker is unable to make the production requirements, and always increases the machine load of the operators.

Sibley Manufacturing Co., Augusta, Ga.-Have cut wages 25 percent, which would mean $9 instead of $12, as under the code. However, workers never know what they will be paid until paid off and they draw $4 to $5 per week.

Enterprise Mill, Augusta, Ga.—Run by same management as Sibley Manufacturing Co., have also cut wages 25 percent, running three shifts and not sufficient help to run the third shift. They ask workers if they want to work extra time and if workers refuse the management makes things hard for workers and sometimes they lose their jobs. There are about 300 workers in Augusta, textile workers, who could be available for the third shift, but the mill will not put them back to work since general textile strike. Rather double up with what workers they have.

King Mill, Augusta, Ga.-Have not cut wages, but have stretched out the workers. In card room where workers run three frames during N. R. A., now running four frames. Weave room, work load has been increased.

Faulkner & Colony Manufacturing Co., Keene, N. H.-Working 60 hours or more per week. Overload in weaving department, increase in machine load.

A. & M. Karagheusian, Freehold, N. J.-Wage reduction from 12 to 25 percent. Hightstown Carpet Co., Hightstown, N. J.-Wage reductions from 8 to 27 percent. Broad looms run continually all week from 7 a. m. to 11 p. m. Saturday night; increased machine load.

Magee Carpet Co., Philadelphia, Pa.-Wage reduction of approximately 10 to 20 percent.

Gulbenkian Seamless Rug Co., New Brunswick, N. J.-Minimum wage scale for new workers reduced from 35 cents per hour to as low as 221⁄2 cents per hour. Among unorganized workers, hours have been increased to 10 hours per day and in some instances longer.

Cornelius Cotton Mill, Cornelius, N. C.-Wages have been reduced, running 50 hours per week.

Morgan Cotton Mill, Laurinburg, N. C.-Wages in some departments have been reduced, running 50 hours per week.

St. Paul Manufacturing Co., St. Paul, N. C.—Wages have been reduced drastically; mill running 50 hours per week.

Mooresville Cotton Mills, Mooresville, N. C.-Part of employees are working two 8-hour shifts per day. Part in cardroom and dye house are working 10 hours a day.

Cascade Cotton Mill, Mooresville, N. C.-Wages approximately cut in half in weave room. Weavers stretched out from 7 and 8 looms to 14 looms. On 7 and 8 looms they received 44 cents per 100,000 picks, and thus increasing the looms by two, wages cut in half. These weavers start to work on Sunday night at midnight and work 48 hours per week.

Pee Dee Cotton Mills, Rockingham, N. C.-Part of employees in card room work 10 and 12 hours per day.

Taylorsville Cotton Mill, Taylorsville, N. C.-Employees are working 50 hours per week. Wages reduced to extent that they now earn approximately the same wages for 50 hours that they did for 40 hours.

Ledbetter Mill, Rockingham, N. C.-Employees in carding and spinning are working 50 and 55 hours per week. Wages paid are same as they were for 40 hours.

Hannah Picket Mills, Rockingham, N. C.-The two mills in this town are reported to have cut wages of the eight side spinners to $10 per week and part of employers in spinning and carding rooms work 50 hours per week.

Hoover Hoisery Mill, Concord, N. C.-Part of employees are working 50 hours per week. Wages have been reduced to extent that it is hard for knitters to make more than $15 to $16 per week, where before they averaged $25 and $28 per week. Mineola Mill, Gibsonville, N. C.-Work load has been increased, machinery in mill is old and jobs on all constructions are very heavy. At times the weavers state that fixers are denied new parts to fix looms, which causes work to run extremely bad.

Groves Thread Co., Gastonia, N. C.-Spinning and spooler rooms running from 40 to 90 hours per week. Under National Recovery Administration, spinners run 10 sides, now run 12 sides. Outside help working 10 hours per day.

Firestone Cotton Mill, Gastonia, N. C.-Running two 40-hour shifts, but paying from $9 to $16 per week. Take old textile workers and work them for 6 weeks as learners. In spinning room the mill is working children under the age of 16. Acme Mill, Belmont, N. C., Mill No. 1.-About half of employees working as much as 60 hours per week.

American Processing Co., Mount Holly, N. C.-Running 10 hours per day for 4 days and then 8 hours for 1 day, paying wages from 25 to 30 cents per hour. Madora Mill, Adrian Mill, Mount Holly, N. C.-Running 55 and 60 hours per week, with wages at 25 and 30 cents per hour.

Carter Mill No. 1, Lincolnton, N. C.-Mill running 55 hours per week, obtained a loan from Reconstruction Finance Corporation, paying 30 cents per hour, and mill management has told workers that they must not belong to U. T. W. A. union.

Gamble & Melvil Mill, Bessemer City, N. C.-Running 10 hours for 5 days per week, pay $12 per week.

Piedmont Mill, Gastonia, N. C.-Picker hands, 1 man runs 30 machines and makes laps for the 3 shifts and is paid $12, working from 40 to 60 hours per week. Card hands, 1 man runs 27 cards and must do his own cleaning, oiling, sweeping, and striping and is paid $12.40 for 50 hours of work. Drawing and slubbers, 1 man on each shift running 5 drawing frames and 2 slubbers and is paid $12 for a 50-hour week. Intermediate frames, each employee runs 2 frames and paid at rate of 15 cents per hand, making $8 and $9 for 50-hour week. Jack-frame hands run 4 jacks and on three- to five-hand roving is paid 131⁄2 cents per hand, making $10 to $12 per week for 50 hours. Roving hauler, one man transfers all roving from card room to spinning room helps strip cards, cleans creels, takes down bobbins, runs all white waste, does overhead cleaning, and is paid $12 for 50-hour week. Sweeper, one man does all sweeping on first and second shift and receives $9 for 50 hours. Spinners, spinner runs from 9 to 18 sides, working 50 to as high as 90 hours, and is paid $12 per week. Doffers, 1 man doffs 14 frames and must do all cleaning and oiling and is paid $12 per week for 50 hours. Oiler and bander hand looks after 27 frames, does all fixing, and is paid $12 for 50 hours. Cartex Mills, Salisbury, N. C.-Spinners under National Recovery Administration run 8 sides, now run 10 sides. Fly frame hands, under National Recovery Administration worked 40 hours per week and paid $14 per week, now work 48 hours per week and wages at $12 and $13 for 48 hours. Card hands worked 48 hours per week and wages are $12 per week.

Cooleemee Mill, Cooleemee, N. C.-Weavers under National Recovery Administration run 18 looms, now look after 36 to 72. Battery filler, under National Recovery Administration, worked 40 hours, 36 looms and paid $12 per week, now take care of 43 to 50 looms. Loomfixer takes care of 64 to 72 looms. Loomfixer who takes off cloth, takes cloth from 170 to 216 looms, wages $14 per week.

China Grove Mill, China Grove, N. C.-Wages have been reduced on all hands. In winder room have 38-hour shifts and they are required to work 8 hours on Saturday, also twister room.

Hart Cotton Mill, Tarboro, N. C.-Working 12-hour shifts, women in this mill allowed to work over 11 hours per day, although North Carolina State labor laws say that no woman shall work over 11 hours per day.

Fountain Cotton Mills, Tarboro, N. C.-Increased hours since National Recovery Administration went out working 10 to 12 hours per day. Management claimed had to run extra hours to make up time for Christmas. Bosses informed workers when asked if what time would stop work on Friday night, he said "work right up

until 4:30, National Recovery Administration is dead now, we can work all we damn please."

White Haven, Pa., White Haven Silk Co.-Paying 20 cents per hour for a 40-hour workweek.

Florence Silk Co.-Cut wages from $1.40 per 100 M picks on a 4-loom system to $1.20 per 100 M picks and are proposing a further 10-percent cut. Auxiliary workers have been cut from $13 to $10.

Progressive Silk Co., Hazleton, Pa.-Cut wages from $1.40 per 100 M picks to $1.23 per 100 M picks. Auxiliary workers cut from $13 to $11.05 per week. Hazleton Heights, Silk Co., Hazleton, Pa.-Cut same as Progressive Silk Co. Carlton Weaving Co., Lehighton, Pa.-Workers received a cut in wages of 17 percent in April 1935.

Majestic Silk Co., Allentown, Pa.-Gave reduced wages 12 percent in April 1935, in July another 19-percent reduction, the latter being for weavers only. Also increase of 300 percent more looms to operate; operate a third shift. McBride Silk Co., Fullerton, Pa.-In June 1935 gave weavers a 25-percent reduction in wages.

Pasbit Silk Co., Slatington, Pa.-In June 1935 gave weavers from 9 to 19 percent reduction in wages. Other help 15-percent reduction.

Quaker Silk Co., Allentown, Pa.-Wanted to reduce wages but workers would not accept. In July 1935 the firm moved its plant to the State of Virginia. Eisman Silk Co., Allentown, Pa.-In July 1935 gave weavers a 20-percent reduction in wages, all other help 15-percent reduction.

Cedar Crest Silk Co., Allentown, Pa.-Weavers reduced from 15 to 20 percent in July 1935.

Mountain Weaving Co., Allentown, Pa.-Weavers reduced about 30 percent. Trembleau Silk Co., Emaus, Pa.—Weavers received a 20-percent reduction with an increase of 50 percent more looms to operate per weaver. Also operating a third shift.

Highgrade Silk Co., Allentown, Pa.-In October 1935 weavers received a 20percent reduction in wages, other help 17 percent.

Siegfried Silk Co., Catasauqua, Pa.-Reduced wages from 15 to 20 percent, and operating a third shift.

Willow Silk Co., Slatington, Pa.-Reduced wages 12 percent.

Lova Silk Co., Allentown, Pa.-Hours increased 12 percent.

S. M. S. Silk Co., Allentown, Pa.-Weavers received a 20-percent reduction in wages.

Allentown Silk Co., Allentown, Pa.-In July 1935 gave weavers a 20-percent reduction in wages with a 50-percent increase in looms to operate per weaver. Operating a third shift.

Edna Silk Co., Allentown, Pa.-Workers were increased 12 percent more in hours per week.

Hamilton Silk Co., Allentown, Pa.-In November 1935 gave weavers a 23percent reduction in wages.

Highgrade Silk Co., Allentown, Pa.-In November 1935 gave weavers about 2- to 40-percent reduction in wages.

Greenleaf Silk Co., Allentown, Pa.-In November 1935 gave weavers a 17percent reduction in wages. Other help a 20-percent reduction.

Zollinger & Schroth, Inc., Emaus, Pa.-Weavers are working here as long as 56 hours per week.

Dorson Silk Co., Vera Cruz, Pa.-In August 1935 gave weavers a 15-percent reduction in wages with an increase of 50 percent more looms to operate per weaver. Other help reduced 12 percent.

Century Ribbon Mills, Patton, Pa.-Wages reduced as much as 57 percent and mostly a decrease of 15 percent, and increase in hours of 10 percent since National Recovery Act went out.

Marietta Silk Co., Marietta, Pa.-Weavers received a cut from $1.90 per 100 M picks to $1.60 on one quality. This firm has tried to be fair in spite of the chiseling firms.

B. Cohen & Son Rag Mill, Manchang, Mass.-Working over 40 hours and paying below the minimum.

South Milford Rag Mill, South Milford, Mass.-Paying the minimum but working employees over 48 hours per week.

Lancaster Cotton Mill, Lancaster, S. C.; Springs Mill, Fort Mill, S. C.; Baldwin Cotton Mill, Chester, S. C.; Eureka Cotton Mill, Chester, S. C.; Kershaw Cotton Mill, Kershaw, S. C.-These mills are all owned by E. W. Springs, Fort Mill, S. C., and employ approximately 10,000 workers, working all employees 50 to 60 hours a week, with the result that the workers are only paid for 50 or 60 hours what they received for 40 hours under National Recovery Act.

Pelzer Manufacturing Co., Pelzer, S. C.-Wages have been cut and hours increased.

Clinton Mills, Clinton, S. C.-Have violated the principles of the code and National Recovery Act and at present are refusing to abide by the decision of National Labor Relations Board handed down recently.

Saxon Mills, Spartanburg, S. C.-Here also increased work load and reduced wages. Case now in hands of National Labor Relations Board.

Gaffney Manufacturing Co., Hamrick Mill, both at Gaffney, S. C.-Working 10 hours per day, 55 hours a week, same conditions prevail.

Powell Knitting Mill, Spartanburg, S. C.-Have cut wages below minimum and pay by the piece.

Landrum Hosiery Mill, Landrum, S. C.-Have cut wages 35 percent and workers are on a 10-hour day.

Danville Knitting Mill, Danville, Va.-Working 10 hours per day since National Recovery Act went out."

Danville Silk Co.-Working on a 10-hour day, stretched out the work so much that workers can hardly stand the 10-hour shift.

Mr. MCMAHON. There are other aspects of this bill which are as important as the wage section, although I shall not go into them in detail. Most important, of course, is the collective bargaining section. This is the fundamental and primary right, and we call your attention to the fact that, should the Wagner-Connery bill fall under the ax of the Supreme Court, the collective bargaining section of the National Textile Act, though tied in with the National Labor Relations Board, will stand on its own merits until and if it, too, meets the fate of its legislative brothers.

It is precisely because we have not been protected in our right to join unions that we have to come to Congress for aid. The union should be able to achieve these measures for its members, but where persecution and cunning are as unscrupulously and generally applied as in this industry, there must be some legal restraints pending the formation of a strong union.

This brings me to the question of the Textile Commission. In the final analysis, of course, the fate of the textile workers lies in the composition of the Commission. If, by some chance, it should be a proindustry, antilabor body, the textile workers would be in for worse martyrdom than they have to date suffered. In other words, we must proceed on the assumption that we will get a competent, prolabor textile Commission, otherwise, we cannot discuss the act.

There is, I think, little need to elaborate on the company store and company house aspect of the bill. It is one of the most vicious characteristics of the industry. Company stores and company houses are used as a bludgeon against organization. In most cases, also, they are but another way for the manufacturer to steal back from the workers whatever he has to give them in the way of wages. Foodstuffs are higher and of inferior quality than even chain-store merchandise.

Pay checks are attached for company-store debts, and companyhouse rents, incurred while the workers were sick, or on strike, or while he was in a seasonal lay-off period, with the net result that he may work for weeks without actually finding a cent in his pay envelope. It is indecent to ask free American citizens to sacrifice whatevery few claims to freedom they may still have by forcing him to trade at a certain store, on penalty of losing his job if he doesn't. This form of paternalism, which is expressed in precisely the same form in the business of company houses-to be dealt with later-is not only degrading as far as the worker's morale is concerned but serves as an active and effective agent for combating organization.