Road Constructioon through Unstable Areas Locate roads on stable positions such as ridges, natural benches, and gentle even slopes. Avoid logging roads in steeply sloping areas dominated by rockland. End haul materials which would otherwise be sidecast during excvava- 7. Road Construction through Wet Areas Locate roads on well drained soil types. Avoid wet areas by rolling the road grade. Place perforated pipe or an open drainage ditch upslope from the Construct roads during the period of year when the soil moisture content is lowest (generally late summer and early fall). Reasons Disturbance of the surface of shallow clayey soil derived from serpen- Tractor logging on clayey soils derived from serpentine will cause Tractor skid roads may interrupt surface and/or subsurface water flow, resulting in an increase in landslide activity. Clearcutting on or above debris slide prone slopes will substantially increase the probability of massive failure. Road construction through unstable areas will greatly increase the probability of massive failure, i.e., slumps and earthflows. Road construction through steeply sloping terrain dominated by rock- Roads constructed through wet areas often experience prism failures 2. Tractor log during winter when snow depth exceeds foot. Use low pressure ground skidder or horses when moisture content is less than 25 percent. Lay out skid trails prior to timber harvest. Confine ground lead systems to slopes less than 35 percent. Skid trails and landings should be ripped and waterbarred following Bare Soil Areas Subject to Frost Heaving Establish deep rooting native vegetation on bare soil aeas. 3. Road Cuts and Fills Subject to Frost Heaving Minimize the heights of cuts and fills by rolling the grade and locating roads on ridges whenever possible. Plant deep rooting vegetation on cuts and fills. Place a straw mat or jute matting on areas that cannot be vegetated within one year following road construction. Reasons 1. Tractor logging removes the duff layer and results in soil compaction, causing a reduction in infiltration and initiation of overland flow on skid trails and subsequent reduction in site productivity. Overland flow dislodges and transports colloidal-sized soil particles, causing water quality degradation. 2. Bare soil areas resulting from logging are subject to frost heave and burrowing animal activity. Frost heave and animal activity destroys D-13 3. surface soil structure and allows soil particles to be dislodged and transported by surface runoff. Road cuts and fills are subject to frost heaving and subsequent surface erosion by raveling and runoff. 6. Partial cut using a full suspension yarding system. Actively moving areas of slide prone areas traversed by roads should not be harvested. 2. Tractor Logging Tractor log during winter when snow depth exceeds 1 foot. Use low pressure ground skidder or horses when moisture content is less than 25 percent. Lay out skid trails prior to timber harvest. Confine ground lead systems to slopes less than 25 percent. Skid trails and landings should be ripped and waterbarred following Evaluate bug-killed timber thoroughly before removing dead and dying Establish deep-rooting native vegetation on bare soil areas. Roads Constructed on Unstable Areas Locate roads on stable positions such as ridges, natural benches, and 7. Sidecast Material From Road Construction End haul material that would otherwise be sidecast during road con- areas. 8. Roads Constructed Through Wet Areas Locate roads on well-drained soil types. Avoid wet areas by rolling the road grade. Place perforated pipe or an open drainage ditch upslope from the cutbanks (where crossing wet areas) to intercept and divert surface and subsurface water. These practices should be employed only when alternate routes are not available. Ramp over we t areas using large rocks as a base where cuts are not required. 9. Road Cuts and Fills Subject to Frost Heaving and Sloughing Minimize heights of cuts and fills by rolling the grade and locating roads on ridges whenever possible. Plant deep-root ing vegetation on cuts and fills. Place a straw mat or jute matting on areas that cannot be vegetated within one year following road construction. 1. Clearcutting in unstable areas as described above will increase massive failure, especially where roads traverse the clearcut unit. 2. Tractor logging removes the duff layer and results in soil compaction, causing a reduction in infiltration and initiation of overland flow on skid trails and a subsequent reduction in site productivity. Overland flow dislodges and transports soil particles causing water quality degradation. 3. Harvesting bug-killed timber may result in an increase in mass failure incidents. De ad and dying timber is often on unstable positions created by a seasonal water table that weakened the timber and encouraged insect infestation. Tractor logging in boggy areas may alter or intercept subsurface water flow, causing a rise in the water table and a subsequent reduction in site productivity. High water tables restrict rooting and weaken native vegetation. Bare soil areas resulting from logging are subject to frost heaving and burrowing animal activities. Frost heaving and animal activity destroy surface soil structure and allow soil particles to be dislodged and transported by surface runoff. Roads constructed on oversteepened slopes, hummocky (uneven) topogra- Sidecast material from road construction, when saturated, causes road- Roads constructed through we t areas often experience prism failures due to a poor bearing surface. 9. Road cuts and fills are subject to sloughing and frost heaving, resulting in soil displacement and subsequent sedimentation during 2. Timber Harvest Site Preparation and Removal of Brush or Hardwoods Partial cut using full or partial suspension systems on slopes exceeding 70 percent. Most critical conditions exist on south and west exposures where the annual rain fall is less than 35 inches. 3. Tractor Logging on Slopes Over 20 Percent Tractor logging should be limited to slopes less than 20 percent. 4. Evaluate Bug-Killed Timber Evaluate bug-killed timber thoroughly before removing dead and dying trees to determine cause of insect infestation. Disturbances caused by tractor logging and road construction may increase infestations which weakens or ultimately kills tree roots, thereby promoting massive failures through loss of mechanical support. Remove dead and dying timber by methods that minimize surface disturbance (1.e., suspension systems). 5. Broadcast Burning on Harvested Areas 6. Herbicides or other means should be used as alternatives to burning or scarification. Do not spray adjacent to live streams. Road Construction on Slopes Exceeding 70 percent Avoid locating roads on slopes exceeding 70 percent and on areas 7. Fills Crossing Drainages Fills must be designed for overtopping and for stability when saturated. Rock fills are simple and effective. All fills should be compacted to a degree consistent with design standards and material properties. 9. Large Cuts and Fills Which Produce Considerable Sidecast 10. Cutslopes should generally be as steep as possible consistent with subsurface strength conditions. Multiple cut slopes should be constructed when weak overburden requires it and it is practical (i.e., natural ground slope makes it feasible). Buttressing should be considered for cutslopes with stability problems. Fills in excess of 15 feet in downstream exposure should be rock faced instead of vegetated to insure surface stability. Off-Road Vehicle (ORV) Use ORV's (4-wheel drives and motorbikes) should be limited to surface roads. Discourage travel on skid roads, unsurfaced haul roads, and unroaded areas. 11. Granite Pits D-15 P. Shape, mulch, seed, and fertilize granite material sites prior to abandonment. Refertilize at 3 to 5 year intervals. Droughty conditions may require watering to maintain vegetation. Construct and maintain sediment traps on all streams within the watershed influenced by granite pits. Reasons Clearcutting on or above debris slide prone areas will substantially increase the probability of massive failure. Clearcutting or removing brush or hardwood on very steeply sloping ground exposes the soil to raindrop splash erosion and initates soil raveling. The soil fines are removed, and the available water capacity is reduced. Once these processes begin, it is difficult to reestablish protective vegetative cover. Uphill yarding results in less surface disturbance than downhill yarding. Removal of limbs will reduce yarding disturbance. com 3. Tractor logging on slopes over 20 percent results in surface soil displacement and destruction of protective vegetation. Bare, pacted, and disturbed soils are subject to erosion and subsequent water quality degradation. Harvesting bug-killed timber may increase the mass failure hazard. Dead and dying timber is often on unstable positions created by a water table that weakened the timber and encouraged insect infestation. Broadcast burning on future harvest areas will remove the duff, All fills crossing drainages within this soil association must be Granitic soils are subject to piping in uncompacted fills. Large cuts and fills produce consider ble sidecast, which buries downslope vegetation and creates a droughty condition, resulting in reduced site quality. ORV use increases overland flow by removing the protective duff layer and compacting of the soil, therby increasing erosion. Granite soils lack sufficient cohesion due to small amounts of clay and silt 80 individual particles are easily detached and transported by water. 11. Granite bedrock, when exposed to weathering by water and temperature changes, rapidly deteriorates and is subject to detachment and transport, which can result in sediment reaching streams. Tractor log during winter when snow depth exceeds 1 foot. Use low pressure ground skidder or horses when moisture content is less than 25 percent. Lay out skid trails prior to timber harvest. Confine ground lead systems to slopes less than 35 percent. Skid trails and landings should be ripped and waterbarred following final harvest of driest time of year (July 15 through September 15). Rip to a depth of 12 to 15 inches with spacing equal to depth. 2. Bare Soil Areas Subject to Frost Heaving Establish deep-rooting native vegetation on bare soil areas. 3. Road Cuts and Fills Subject to Frost Heaving Minimize heights of cuts and fills by rolling the grade and locating roads on ridges whenever possible. Plant deep-rooting vegetation on cuts and fills. Place a straw mat or jute matting on areas that cannot be vegetated within one year following construction. Reasons 1. Tractor logging removes the duff layer and results in soil compaction, causing a reduction in infiltration and initiation of overland flow on skid trails and subsequent reduction in site productivity. Overland flow dislodges and transports colloidal-sized soil particles, causing water quality degradation. Bare soil areas resulting from logging are subject to frost heaving. Frost heaving destroys surface soil structure and allows soil particles to be dislodged and transported by surface runoff. Road cuts and fills are subject to frost heaving and subsequent surface erosion by raveling and runoff. THIS CONTRACT is made and entered into the day of 19 . under the authority of the Act of August 28, 1937, (50 Stat. 874), as amended, (43 U.S. C. Sec. 1181a-f), relating to the revested Oregon and California Railroad and reconveyed Coos Bay Wagon Road grant lands, or under the Act of July 31, 1947, (61 Stat. 681), as amended, (30 U.S.C. Secs. 601-604), relating to other ands under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Land Management, and the regulations as set forth in 43 CFR Group 5400, between the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, hereinafter called the Government, acting through the Bureau of Land Management, and hereinafter called the Purchaser. of parties hereto do mutually agree as follows: WITNESSETH, That the Sec. 1. Timber Sold. The Government hereby sells to the Purchaser and the Purchaser hereby buys from the Government, under the terms and conditions of this contract, all timber, except that reserved to the Government under Sec. 40 of this contract, within the area designated by the Government, comprising the contract area and situated in the County of ($ ) as follows: (1) Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, the first installment shall be paid on or before the date this contract is signed by the Authorized Officer; (2) Except as provided in subsection (c), (d), and (e) of this section, the second installment shall be paid prior to cutting or removal of any timber sold under this contract. Each subsequent installment shall become due and payable without notice whenever the value of timber cut or removed equals the sum of the second and subsequent installments paid by Purchaser. No timber may be cut or removed until such payment has been made. Purchaser shall continue to make such installment payments until the total purchase price has been paid. (c) Payment of the first installment, required in subsection (b) of this section, may be delayed if Purchaser increases the performance bond as permitted by Sec. 38(b); Provided, however, that cash payment for said installment must be made (1) before cutting or removal of the last portion of timber sold having a value equal to the amount of the first installment, or (2) at any time when Government exercises its authority to cancel the rights of Purchaser in accordance with Sec. 10(a), whichever occurs first. (d) If Purchaser increases its performance bond, as permitted by Sec. 38(c), cutting of timber of a value not in excess of the increase in value of such bond may be permitted prior to payment of the second or subsequent installments; Provided, however, that no timber may be skidded or yarded to a loading point or removed from the contract area prior to payment of any installment which, but for the provisions of this subsection, would otherwise be due under the provisions of Sec. 3(b). (e) If Purchaser provides a payment bond, as permitted by Sec. 38(e), cutting and/or removal of timber of a value not in excess of the penal sum of such bond may be permitted prior to the payment of the second or subsequent installments. Unless a shorter period is agreed to by Purchaser and Government, Government shall bill Purchaser monthly for timber skidded or yarded to a loading point or removed from the contract area. Such billing shall include any amount due for related road maintenance fees. Purchaser shall make payment within fifteen (15) days of the billing date shown on the billing form. (f) For the purpose of determining (1) when payments are due or (2) the value of timber subject to any special bonding provision, Government shall calculate the value of timber in accordance with the provisions of Exhibit B, which is attached hereto and made a part hereof. (g) Purchaser shall pay the total purchase price not later than the expiration of the time for cutting and removal as set forth in Sec. 4. Purchaser shall make all payments at the office of Authorized Officer in cash, or by money order, bank draft, or check made payable to the Bureau of Land Management. (h) For any payments or other charge not paid when due, interest shall accrue on the unpaid amount at the rate of six (6) percent per annum, beginning fifteen (15) calendar days after the end of the payment period. Sec. 4. Time for Cutting and Removal Except as otherwise provided in this contract, Purchaser may begin cutting and removing timber sold under this contract on the date this contract is signed by the Authorized Officer. Purchaser's right to cut and remove such timber shall expire ( ) months after such date; Provided, however, extensions of time may be granted as provided in Sec. 9. Sec. 5. Definitions (a) Authorized Officer any employee of the Bureau of Land Management to whom has been delegated the authority to take action in connection with this contract. (b) Timber standing trees, downed trees, or logs, which are capable of being measured in board feet. (c) Loading point any landing or other area in which logs are capable of being loaded for transportation out of the contract area; Provided, however, that right-of-way timber which has been cut shall not be considered to be at a loading point until such time as logs from any source actually transported over that portion of the right-of-way. are Sec. 6. Inspection of Timber and Disclaimer of Warranty (a) Purchaser warrants that this contract is accepted and executed on the basis of its examination and inspection of the timber sold under this contract and its opinion of the value thereof. (b) Government expressly disclaims any warranty of fitness of the timber for any purpose; all timber sold hereunder is accepted As Is without any warranty of merchantability by Government. Any warranty as to the quantity or quality of the timber sold hereunder is expressly disclaimed by Government. Refund to or recovery by Purchaser for failure of title to any timber sold hereunder shall not exceed the value of such timber computed at prices per unit for species involved as set forth in Exhibit B. Sec. 7. Passage of Title and Risk of Loss Title to timber sold under this contract shall remain in Government and shall not pass to Purchaser until such timber has been paid for and removed from the contract area. Unless cut timber is sold under this contract, risk of loss shall be borne by Purchaser after the timber is cut; Provided, houerer, that if loss results from a fire which was not caused by Purchaser, his contractors, subcontractors, or the employees of any of them. the risk of loss shall be borne by the party holding title. If cut timber is sold under this contract, risk of loss shall be borne by the party holding title. Risk of loss to Government shall • General location of contract area is shown on map marked Exhibit A Form 5450-3 (June 1973) |