States, any claim upon or against the Government of the United States, or any department or officer thereof, knowing such claim to be false, fictitious, or fraudulent; or whoever, for the purpose of obtaining or aiding to obtain the payment or approval of such claim, shall make or use, or cause to be made or used, any false bill, receipt, voucher, roll, account, claim, certificate, affidavit, or deposition, knowing the same to contain any fraudulent or fictitious statement or entry; or whoever shall enter into any agreement, combination, or conspiracy to defraud the Government of the United States, or any department or officer thereof, by obtaining or aiding to obtain the payment or allowance of any false or fraudulent claim; or whoever, having charge, possession, custody, or control of any money or other public property used or to be used in the military or naval service, with intent to defraud the United States or willfully to conceal such money or other property, shall deliver or cause to be delivered, to any other person having authority to receive the same, any amount of such money or other property less than that for which he received a certificate or took a receipt; or whoever, being authorized to make or deliver any certificate, voucher, receipt, or other paper certifying the receipt of arms, ammunition, provisions, clothing, or other property so used or to be used, shall make or deliver the same to any other person without a full knowledge of the truth of the facts stated therein, and with intent to defraud the United States, shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. And whoever shall knowingly purchase or receive in pledge for any obligation or indebtedness from any soldier, officer, sailor, or other person called into or employed in the military or naval service, any arms, equipments, ammunition, clothes, military stores, or other public property, whether furnished to the soldier, sailor, officer, or person, under a clothing allowance or otherwise, such soldier, sailor, officer, or other person not having the lawful right to pledge or sell the same, shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars, and imprisoned not more than two years.

Sec. 36 (Comp. St. 1916, § 10200). Stealing government property.Whoever shall steal, embezzle, or knowingly apply to his own use, or unlawfully sell, convey, or dispose of, any ordnance, arms, ammunition, clothing, subsistence, stores, money, or other property of the United States, furnished or to be used for the military or naval service, shall be punished as prescribed in the preceding section.

Sec. 38 (Comp. St. 1916, § 10202). Aiding or abetting with intent to defraud any captor or claimant of property captured as a prize.— Whoever shall willfully do, or aid or advise in the doing, of any act relating to the bringing in, custody, preservation, sale, or other disposition of any property captured as prize, or relating to any documents or papers connected with the property, or to any deposition or other document or paper connected with the proceedings, with intent to defraud, delay, or injure the United States or any captor or claimant of such property, shall be fined not more than ten thousand dollars, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.

Sec. 46 (Comp. St. 1916, § 10213). Robbery, larceny, etc.-Whoever shall rob another of any kind or description of personal property

belonging to the United States, or shall feloniously take and carry away the same, shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars, or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.

Sec. 47 (Comp. St. 1916, § 10214). Embezzlement, stealing, etc.Whoever shall embezzle, steal, or purloin any money, property, record, voucher, or valuable thing whatever, of the moneys, goods, chattels, records, or property of the United States, shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.

Sec. 48 (Comp. St. 1916, § 10215). Receiving stolen property.— Whoever shall receive, conceal, or aid in concealing, or shall have or retain in his possession with intent to convert to his own use or gain, any money, property, record, voucher, or valuable thing whatever, of the moneys, goods, chattels, records, or property of the United States, which has theretofore been embezzled, stolen, or purloined by any other person, knowing the same to have been so embezzled, stolen, or purloined, shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both; and such person may be tried either before or after the conviction of the principal offender.

6. ACT OF JUNE 18, 1878 (20 STAT. 152, COMP. ST. 1916, § 1992) Sec. 15. Restriction upon the use of military force. From and after the passage of this act it shall not be lawful to employ any part of the Army of the United States, as a posse comitatus, or otherwise, for the purpose of executing the laws, except in such cases and under such circumstances as such employment of said force may be expressly authorized by the Constitution or by act of Congress; and no money appropriated by this act shall be used to pay any of the expenses incurred in the employment of any troops in violation of this section and any person wilfully violating the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction thereof shall be punished by fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars or imprisonment not exceeding two years or by both such fine and imprisonment.

7. ACT OF MARCH 3, 1885 (23 STAT. 350, CoмP. ST. 1916, § 6403) Claims for property lost or destroyed. The proper accounting officers of the Treasury are hereby authorized and directed to examine into, ascertain, and determine the value of the private property belonging to officers and enlisted men in the military service of the United States which has been, or may hereafter, be, lost or destroyed in the military service, under the following circumstances:

First. When such loss or destruction was without fault or negligence on the part of the claimant.

Second. Where the private property so lost or destroyed was shipped on board an unseaworthy vessel by order of any officer authorized to give such order or direct such shipment.

Third. Where it appears that the loss or destruction of the private. property of the claimant was in consequence of his having given his attention to the saving of the property belonging to the United States

which was in danger at the same time and under similar circumstances. And the amount of such loss so ascertained and determined shall be paid out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, and shall be in full for all such loss or damage: Provided, That any claim which shall be presented and acted on under authority of this act shall be held as finally determined, and shall never thereafter be reopened or considered: And provided further, That this act shall not apply to losses sustained in time of war or hostilities with Indians: And provided further, That the liability of the Government under this act shall be limited to such articles of personal property as the Secretary of War, in his discretion, shall decide to be reasonable, useful, necessary, and proper for such officer or soldier while in quarters, engaged in the public service, in the line of duty: And provided further, That all claims now existing shall be presented within two years and not after from the passage of this act; and all such claims hereafter arising be presented within two years from the occurrence of the loss or destruction.

8. ACT OF AUGUST 1, 1894 (28 STAT. 216, COMP. ST. 1916, § 1888), AS AMENDED BY ACT OF MARCH 2, 1899, § 4 (30 Stat. 978, COMP. ST. 1916, § 1889)

Sec. 2. Age, citizenship.-In time of peace no person (except an Indian) who is not a citizen of the United States, or who has not made legal declaration of his intention to become a citizen of the United States, or who can not speak, read, and write the English language, or who is over thirty-five years of age, shall be enlisted for the first enlistment in the army.

Term of enlistment.-Hereafter all enlistments in the Army shall be for the term of three years, and no soldier shall be again enlisted in the Army whose service during his last preceding term of enlistment has not been honest and faithful.

9. ACT OF APRIL 22, 1898 (30 STAT. 361)

Section 1 (Comp. St. 1916, § 1714). Composition of national forces. -All able-bodied male citizens of the United States, and persons of foreign birth who shall have declared their intention to become citizens of the United States under and in pursuance of the laws thereof, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, are hereby de-. clared to constitute the national forces, and, with such exceptions and under such conditions as may be prescribed by law, shall be liable to perform military duty in the service of the United States.

Sec. 2. (Comp. St. 1916, § 1715). Organized and active land forces. -The organized and active land forces of the United States shall consist of the Army of the United States and of the militia of the several States when called into the service of the United States: Provided, That in time of war the Army shall consist of two branches which shall be designated, respectively, as the Regular Army and the Volunteer Army of the United States.

Sec. 3 (Comp. St. 1916, § 1716). Regular Army.-The Regular Army is the permanent military establishment, which is maintained both in peace and war according to law.

10. ACT OF FEBRUARY 2, 1901 (31 STAT. 748)

Section 1. (Comp. St. 1916, § 1717). Composition of Regular Army. -From and after the approval of this act the Army of the United States, including the existing organizations, shall consist of: Fifteen regiments of cavalry.

A corps of artillery.

Thirty regiments of infantry.
One Lieutenant-General.

Six major-generals.

Fifteen brigadier-generals.

An Adjutant-General's Department.

An Inspector-General's Department.

A Judge-Advocate General's Department.

A Quartermaster's Department.

A Subsistence Department.

A Pay Department.

A Medical Department.

A Corps of Engineers.

An Ordnance Department.

A Signal Corps.

The officers of the Record and Pension Office.

The Chaplains.

The officers and enlisted men of the Army on the retired list.

The professors, the Corps of Cadets, the Army Detachments, and band of the Military Academy.

Indian Scouts, as now authorized by law; and such other officers and men as may hereinafter be provided for.

Sec. 36 (Comp. St. 1916, § 1741). Enlisted strength of the Army. -The total enlisted force of the line of the Army, together with such native force, shall not exceed, at any one time, one hundred thousand.

11. ACT OF FEBRUARY 14, 1903 (32 STAT. 830)

Section 1 (Comp. St. 1916, § 1759). Establishment of General Staff Corps.-There is hereby established a General Staff Corps, to be composed of officers detailed from the Army at large, under such rules as may be prescribed by the President.

Sec. 2 (Comp. St. 1916, § 1760). Duties of. The duties of the General Staff Corps shall be to prepare plans for the national defense and for the mobilization of the military forces in time of war; to investigate and report upon all questions affecting the efficiency of the Army and its state of preparation for military operations; to render professional aid and assistance to the Secretary of War and to general officers and other superior commanders, and to act as their agents

MIL.L.-4

in informing and coordinating the action of all the different officers who are subject under the terms of this Act to the supervision of the Chief of Staff; and to perform such other military duties not otherwise assigned by law as may be from time to time prescribed by the President.

Sec. 4 (Comp. St. 1916, § 1763). Duties of the Chief of Staff. The Chief of Staff, under the direction of the President or of the Secretary of War, under the direction of the President, shall have supervision of all troops of the line and of the Adjutant-General's, Inspector-General's, Judge-Advocate's, Quartermaster's, Subsistence, Medical, Pay and Ordnance departments, the Corps of Engineers, and the Signal Corps, and shall perform such other military duties not otherwise assigned by law as may be assigned to him by the President.

12. ACT OF MAY 27, 1908 (35 STAT. 399)

Section 1. Composition of the organized militia.-The militia shall consist of every able-bodied male citizen of the respective States and Territories and the District of Columbia, and every able-bodied male of foreign birth who has declared his intention to become a citizen, who is more than eighteen and less than forty-five years of age, and shall be divided into two classes: The organized militia, to be known as the National Guard of the State, Territory, or District of Columbia, or by such other designations as may be given them by the laws of the respective States or Territories; the remainder to be known as the Reserve Militia: Provided, That the provisions of this Act and of section sixteen hundred and sixty-one, Revised Statutes, as amended, shall apply only to the militia organized as a land force.

Sec. 2. Organization.-The regularly enlisted, organized, and uniformed active militia in the several States and Territories and the District of Columbia who have heretofore participated or shall hereafter participate in the apportionment of the annual appropriation provided by section sixteen hundred and sixty-one of the Revised Statutes of the United States, as amended, whether known and designated as National Guard, Militia, or otherwise, shall constitute the organized militia. On and after January twenty-first, nineteen hundred and ten, the organization, armament, and discipline of the organized militia in the several States and Territories and the District of Columbia shall be the same as that which is now or may hereafter be prescribed for the Regular Army of the United States, subject in time of peace to such general exceptions as may be authorized by the Secretary of War.

Sec. 3. Calling forth the militia.-Whenever the United States is invaded or in danger of invasion from any foreign nation, or of rebellion against the authority of the Government of the United States, or the President is unable with the regular forces at his command to execute the laws of the Union, it shall be lawful for the President to call forth such number of the militia of the State or of the States or Territories or of the District of Columbia as he may deem necessary to repel such invasion, suppress such rebellion, or to enable him to execute such laws, and to issue his orders for that purpose, through