§ 1959f. Report to the President and Congress. The Secretary shall submit to the President and to the Congress not later than December 31, 1975, report on (i) the status of research and development work in progress under the provisions of section 1959a (a), (b), (c), and (d) of this title, along with a program for the orderly termination of these activities in accordance with section 1959h (b) of this title; and (ii) the status of work in progress under the' provisions of section 1959a (e) and section 1959b of this title along with the recommendations for the integration of these remaining functions within the on-going water resource programs of the Department of the Interior. (Pub. L. 92-60, § 8, July 29, 1971, 85 Stat. 162.) §1959g. Definitions. As used in this chapter (a) the term "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Interior; (b) the term "saline water" includes sea water, brackish water, mineralized ground or surface water, and irrigation return flows; (c) the term "other chemically contaminated water" refers to waters which contain chemicals susceptible to removal by desalting processes; (d) the term "United States" extends to and includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, territories of American Samoa, Guam, and the Virgin Islands; and the provisions of this chapter shall also apply to the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; (e) the term "pilot plant" means an experimental unit of small size, usually less than one hundred thousand gallons per day capacity, used for early evaluation and development of new or improved processes and to obtain technical and engineering data; (f) the term "test bed” means an intermediatesized, experimental desalting plant of up to two million gallons per day capacity used for further evaluation and refinement of processes in the field and designed to facilitate the incorporation of experimental features for performance testing and to permit process changes and improvements as required; (g) the term "module" means a section or integral portion of a desalting plant which is used initially to study large-scale technology and critical design features in preparation for subsequent prototype construction; (h) the term "prototype" means a full-size, first-of-a-kind production plant used for development, study, and demonstration of full-sized technology, plant operation, and process economics. (Pub. L. 92-60, § 9, July 29, 1971, 85 Stat. 162.) § 1959h. Authorization of appropriations. (a) Availability of moneys for various expenses; increases and decreases in expenditures and obligations. There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out the provisons of this chapter during fiscal year 1972, the sum of $27,025,000, to remain available until expended, as follows: (1) Research expense, not more than $5,475,000; (2) Development expense, not more than $10,200,000; (3) Design, construction, acquisition, modification, operation, and maintenance of saline water conversion test bers and test facilities, not more than $7,385,000; (4) Design, construction, acquisition, modification, operation, and maintenance of saline water conversion modules, not more than $1,425,000; and (5) Administration and coordination not more than $2,540,000. Expenditures and obligations under paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4) of this subsection may be increased by not more than 10 per centum, and expenditures and obligations under paragraph (5) may be increased by not more than 2 per centum, if any such increase under any paragraph is accompanied by an equal decrease in expenditures and obligations under one or more of the other paragraphs. (b) Annual appropriation authorization; availability of moneys for execution of provisions, for grants, contracts, cooperative agreements, and studies, and for correlation of results of studies and research. There are authorized to be appropriated such sums, to remain available until expended, as may be specified in annual appropriation authorization Acts to carry out the provisions of this chapter during the fiscal years 1973 to 1977, inclusive, and to finance, for not more than three years beyond the end of said period, such grants, contracts, cooperative agreements, and studies as may theretofore have been undertaken pursuant to this chapter and such activities as are required to correlate, coordinate, and round out the results of studies and research undertaken pursuant to this chapter. (c) Foreign research; availability of funds. Not more than 2 per centum of the funds to be made available in any fiscal year for research under the authority of this chapter may be expended, subject to the approval of the Secretary of State to assure that such activities are consistent with the foreign policy objectives of the United States, in cooperation with public or private agencies in foreign countries for research useful to the program in the United States. (Pub. L. 92-60, § 10, July 29, 1971, 85 Stat. 162.) Sec. 29. Submerged Lands 43 U.S.C. 1301-1343 SUBCHAPTER I-GENERAL PROVISIONS 1311. Rights of the States. (a) Confirmation and establishment of title and ownership of lands and resources; management. administration, leasing, development, and use. (b) Release and relinquishment of title and claims of United States; payment to States of moneys paid under leases. (c) Leases in effect on June 5, 1950. (d) Authority and rights of the United States respecting navigation, flood control and production of power. (e) Ground and surface waters west of the 98th meridian. 1312. Seaward boundaries of States. 1313. Exceptions from confirmation and establishment of States' title, power and rights. 1314. Rights and powers retained by the United States; purchase of natural resources; condemnation of lands. 1315. Rights acquired under laws of the United States unaffected. Sec. (d) Terms and provisions of sulphur leases. (f) Publication of notices of sale and terms of (g) Disposition of revenues. (h) Issuance of lease as non-prejudicial to ultimate settlement or adjudication of controversies. (1) Cancellation of leases for fraud. (1) Judicial review of cancellation of lease; petition within sixty days. 1338. Disposition of revenues. 1339. Refunds; filing time limitation; certification of repayment; necessity of report to Congress. 1340. Geological and geophysical explorations. (a) Withdrawal of unleased lands by President. (d) National defense areas; suspension of opera- (e) Source materials essential to production of fissionable materials. (f) Helium ownership; rules and regulations 1342. Prior claims as unaffected. SUBCHAPTER I.-GENERAL PROVISIONS § 1301. Definitions. 1331. Definitions. 1332. Congressional declaration of policy: Jurisdiction; construction. 1333. Laws and regulations governing lands. (a) Constitution and United States laws; laws of (b) Jurisdiction of United States district courts. (g) Provisions as non-exclusive. 1334. Administration of leasing. (a) Rules and regulations; amendment; cooperation with State agencies; violations and penalties; compliance with regulations as condition of lease. (b) Cancellation of lease; judicial review. (c) Pipeline rights-of-way; forfeiture of grant. 1335. Validation and maintenance of prior leases. (a) Requirements for validation. (b) Conduct of operations under lease; sulphur (c) Non-waiver of United States claims. 1336. Controversies over jurisdiction; agreements; payments; final settlement or adjudication; approval of notice concerning oil and gas operations in Gulf of Mexico. 1337. Grant of leases by Secretary. (a) Oil and gas leases; award to highest bidder; method of bidding. (b) Terms and provisions of oil and gas leases. (c) Sulphur leases; award to highest bidder; method of bidding. When used in this chapter (a) The term "lands beneath navigable waters" means (1) all lands within the boundaries of each of the respective States which are covered by nontidal waters that were navigable under the laws of the United States at the time such State became a member of the Union, or acquired sovereignty over such lands and waters thereafter, up to the ordinary high water mark as heretofore or hereafter modified by accretion, erosion, and reliction; (2) all lands permanently or periodically covered by tidal waters up to but not above the line of mean high tide and seaward to a line three geographical miles distant from the coast line of each such State and to the boundary line of each such State where in any case such boundary as it existed at the time such State became a member of the Union, or as heretofore approved by Congress, extends seaward (or into the Gulf of Mexico) beyond three geographical miles, and (3) all filled in, made, or reclaimed lands which formerly were lands beneath navigable waters, as hereinabove defined; (b) The term "boundaries" includes the seaward boundaries of a State or its boundaries in the Gulf of Mexico or any of the Great Lakes as they existed at the time such State became a member of the Union, or as heretofore approved by the Congress, or as extended or confirmed pursuant to section 1312 of this title but in no event shall the term "boundaries" or the term "lands beneath navigable waters" be interpreted as extending from the coast line more than three geographical miles into the Atlantic Ocean or the Pacific Ocean, or more than three marine leagues into the Gulf of Mexico; (c) The term "coast line" means the line of ordinary low water along that portion of the coast which is in direct contact with the open sea and the line marking the seaward limit of inland waters; (d) The terms "grantees" and "lessees" include (without limiting the generality thereof) all political subdivisions, municipalities, public and private corporations, and other persons holding grants or leases from a State, or from its predecessor sovereign if legally validated, to lands beneath navigable waters if such grants or leases were issued in accordance with the constitution, statutes, and declsions of the courts of the State in which such lands are situated, or of its predecessor sovereign: Provided, however, That nothing herein shall be construed as conferring upon said grantees or lessees any greater rights or interests other than are described herein and in their respective grants from the State, or its predecessor sovereign; (e) The term "natural resources" includes, without limiting the generality thereof, oil, gas, and all other minerals, and fish, shrimp, oysters, clams, crabs, lobsters, sponges, kelp, and other marine animal and plant life but does not include water power, or the use of water for the production of power; (f) The term "lands beneath navigable waters" does not include the beds of streams in lands now or heretofore constituting a part of the public lands of the United States if such streams were not meandered in connection with the public survey of such lands under the laws of the United States and if the title to the beds of such streams was lawfully patented or conveyed by the United States or any State to any person; (g) The term "State" means any State of the Union; (h) The term "person" includes, in addition to a natural person, an association, a State, a political subdivision of a State, or a private, public, or municipal corporation. (May 22, 1953, ch. 65, title I, § 2, 67 Stat. 29.) § 1302. Resources seaward of the Continental Shelf. Nothing in this chapter shall be deemed to affect in any wise the rights of the United States to the natural resources of that portion of the subsoil and seabed of the Continental Shelf lying seaward and outside of the area of lands beneath navigable waters, as defined in section 1301 of this title, all of which natural resources appertain to the United States, and the jurisdiction and control of which by the United States is confirmed. (May 22, 1953, ch. 65, title II, § 9, 67 Stat. 32.) § 1303. Sections not affected. Nothing in this chapter shall be deemed to amend, modify, or repeal the Acts of July 26, 1866 (14 Stat. 251), July 9, 1870 (16 Stat. 217), March 3, 1877 (19 Stat. 377), June 17, 1902 (32 Stat. 388), and December 22, 1944 (58 Stat. 887), and Acts amendatory thereof or supplementary thereto. (May 22, 1953, ch. 65, title II, § 7, 67 Stat. 32.) SUBCHAPTER II-LANDS BENEATH NAVIGABLE WATERS WITHIN STATE BOUNDARIES § 1311. Rights of the States. (a) Confirmation and establishment of title and ownership of lands and resources; management, administration, leasing, development, and use. It is determined and declared to be in the public interest that (1) title to and ownership of the lands beneath navigable waters within the boundaries of the respective States, and the natural resources within such lands and waters, and (2) the right and power to manage, administer, lease, develop, and use the said lands and natural resources all in accordance with applicable State law be, and they are, subject to the provisions hereof, recognized, confirmed, established, and vested in and assigned to the respective States or the persons who were on June 5, 1950, entitled thereto under the law of the respective States in which the land is located, and the respective grantees, lessees, or successors in interest thereof; (b) Release and relinquishment of title and claims of United States; payment to States of moneys paid under leases. (1) The United States releases and relinquishes unto said States and persons aforesaid, except as otherwise reserved herein, all right, title, and interest of the United States, if any it has, in and to all said lands, improvements, and natural resources; (2) the United States releases and relinquishes all claims of the United States, if any it has, for money or damages arising out of any operations of said States or persons pursuant to State authority upon or within said lands and navigable waters; and (3) the Secretary of the Interior or the Secretary of the Navy or the Treasurer of the United States shall pay to the respective States or their grantees issuing leases covering such lands or natural resources all moneys paid thereunder to the Secretary of the Interior or to the Secretary of the Navy or to the Treasurer of the United States and subject to the control of any of them or to the control of the United States on May 22, 1953, except that portion of such moneys which (1) is required to be returned to a lessee; or (2) is deductible as provided by stipulation or agreement between the United States and any of said States; (c) Leases in effect on June 5, 1950. The rights, powers, and titles hereby recognized, confirmed, established, and vested in and assigned to the respective States and their grantees are subject to each lease executed by a State, or its grantee, which was in force and effect on June 5, 1950, in accordance with its terms and provisions and the laws of the State issuing, or whose grantee issued, such lease, and such rights, powers, and titles are further subject to the rights herein now granted to any person holding any such lease to continue to maintain the lease, and to conduct operations thereunder, in accordance with its provisions, for the full term thereof, and any extensions, renewals, or replacements authorized therein, or heretofore authorized by the laws of the State issuing, or whose grantee issued such lease: Provided, however, That, if oil or gas was not being produced from such lease on and before December 11, 1950, or if the primary term of such lease has expired since December 11, 1950, then for a term from May 22, 1953 equal to the term remaining unexpired on December 11, 1950, under the provisions of such lease or any extensions, renewals, or replacements authorized therein, or heretofore authorized by the laws of the State issuing, or whose grantee issued, such lease: Provided, however, That within ninety days from May 22, 1953 (i) the lessee shall pay to the State or its grantee issuing such lease all rents, royalties, and other sums payable between June 5, 1950, and May 22, 1953, under such lease and the laws of the State issuing or whose grantee issued such lease, except such rents, royalties, and other sums as have been paid to the State, its grantee, the Secretary of the Interior or the Secretary of the Navy or the Treasurer of the United States and not refunded to the lessee; and (ii) the lessee shall file with the Secretary of the Interior or the Secretary of the Navy and with the State issuing or whose grantee issued such lease, instruments consenting to the payment by the Secretary of the Interior or the Secretary of the Navy or the Treasurer of the United States to the State or its grantee issuing the lease, of all rents, royalties, and other payments under the control of the Secretary of the Interior or the Secretary of the Navy or the Treasurer of the United States or the United States which have been paid, under the lease, except such rentals, royalties, and other payments as have also been paid by the lessee to the State or its grantee; (d) Authority and rights of the United States respecting navigation, flood control and production of power. Nothing in this chapter shall affect the use, development, improvement, or control by or under the constitutional authority of the United States of said lands and waters for the purposes of navigation or flood control or the production of power, or be construed as the release or relinquishment of any rights of the United States arising under the constitutional authority of Congress to regulate or improve navigation, or to provide for flood control, or the production of power; (e) Ground and surface waters west of the 98th meridian. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed as affecting or intended to affect or in any way interfere with or modify the laws of the States which lie wholly or in part westward of the ninetyeighth meridian, relating to the ownership and control of ground and surface waters; and the control, appropriation, use, and distribution of such waters shall continue to be in accordance with the laws of such States. (May 22, 1953, ch. 65, title II, §3, 67 Stat. 30.) $1312. Seaward boundaries of States. The seaward boundary of each original coastal State is approved and confirmed as a line three geographical miles distant from its coast line or, in the case of the Great Lakes, to the international boundary. Any State admitted subsequent to the formation of the Union which has not already done so may extend its seaward boundaries to a line three geographical miles distant from its coast line, or to the international boundaries of the United States in the Great Lakes or any other body of water traversed by such boundaries. Any claim heretofore or hereafter asserted either by constitutional provision, statute, or otherwise, indicating the intent of a State so to extend its boundaries is approved and confirmed, without prejudice to its claim, if any it has, that its boundaries extend beyond that line. Nothing in this section is to be construed as questioning or in any manner prejudicing the existence of any State's seaward boundary beyond three geographical miles if it was so provided by its constitution or laws prior to or at the time such State became a member of the Union, or if it has been heretofore approved by Congress. (May 22, 1953, ch. 65, title II, § 4, 67 Stat. 31.) § 1313. Exceptions from confirmation and establishment of States' title, power and rights. There is excepted from the operation of section 1311 of this title (a) all tracts or parcels of land together with all accretions thereto, resources therein, or improvements thereon, title to which has been lawfully and expressly acquired by the United States from any State or from any person in whom title had vested under the law of the State or of the United States, and all lands which the United States lawfully holds. under the law of the State; all lands expressly retained by or ceded to the United States when the State entered the Union (otherwise than by a general retention or cession of lands underlying the marginal sea); all lands acquired by the United States by eminent domain proceedings, purchase, cession, gift, or otherwise in a proprietary capacity; all lands filled in, built up, or otherwise reclaimed by the United States for its own use; and any rights the United States has in lands presently and actually occupied by the United States under claim of right; (b) such lands beneath navigable waters held, or any interest in which is held by the United States for the benefit of any tribe, band, or group of Indians or for individual Indians; and (c) ali structures and improvements constructed by the United States in the exercise of its navigational servitude. (May 22, 1953, ch. 65, title II, § 5, 67 Stat. 32.) § 1314. Rights and powers retained by the United States; purchase of natural resources; condemnation of lands. (a) The United States retains all its navigational servitude and rights in and powers of regulation and control of said lands and navigable waters for the constitutional purposes of commerce, navigation, national defense, and international affairs, all of which shall be paramount to, but shall not be deemed to include, proprietary rights of ownership, or the rights of management, administration, leasing, use, and development of the lands and natural resources which are specifically recognized, confirmed, established, and vested in and assigned to the respective States and others by section 1311 of this title. (b) In time of war or when necessary for national defense, and the Congress or the President shall so prescribe, the United States shall have the right of first refusal to purchase at the prevailing market price, all or any portion of the said natural resources, or to acquire and use any portion of said lands by proceeding in accordance with due process of law and paying just compensation therefor. (May 22, 1953, ch. 65, title II, § 6. 67 Stat. 32.) § 1315. Rights acquired under laws of the United States unaffected. Nothing contained in this chapter shall affect such rights, if any, as may have been acquired under any law of the United States by any person in lands subject to this chapter and such rights, if any, shall be governed by the law in effect at the time they may have been acquired: Provided, however, That nothing contained in this chapter is intended or shall be construed as a finding, interpretation, or construction by the Congress that the law under which such rights may be claimed in fact or in law applies to the lands subject to this chapter, or authorizes or compels the granting of such rights in such lands, and that the determination of the applicability or effect of such law shall be unaffected by anything contained in this chapter. (May 22, 1953, ch. 65, title II, § 8, 67 Stat. 32.) SUBCHAPTER III-OUTER CONTINENTAL § 1331. Definitions. When used in this subchapter (a) The term "outer Continental Shelf" means all submerged lands lying seaward and outside of the area of lands beneath navigable waters as defined in section 1301 of this title, and of which the subsoil and seabed appertain to the United States and are subject to its jurisdiction and control; (b) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Interior; (c) The term "mineral lease" means any form of authorization for the exploration for, or development or removal of deposits of, oil, gas, or other minerals; and (d) The term "person" includes, in addition to a natural person, an association, a State, a political subdivision of a State, or a private, public, or municipal corporation. (Aug. 7, 1953, ch. 345, § 2, 67 Stat. 462.) § 1332. Congressional declaration of policy; jurisdiction; construction. (a) It is declared to be the policy of the United States that the subsoil and seabed of the outer Continental Shelf appertain to the United States and are subject to its jurisdiction, control, and power of disposition as provided in this subchapter. § 1333. Laws and regulations governing lands. (b) This subchapter shall be construed in such manner that the character as high seas of the waters above the outer Continental Shelf and the right to navigation and fishing therein shall not be affected. (Aug. 7, 1953, ch. 345, § 3, 67 Stat. 462.) (1) The Constitution and laws and civil and political jurisdiction of the United States are extended to the subsoil and seabed of the outer Continental Shelf and to all artificial islands and fixed structures which may be erected thereon for the purpose of exploring for, developing, removing, and transporting resources therefrom, to the same extent as if the outer Continental Shelf were an area of exclusive Federal jurisdiction located within a State: Provided, however, That mineral leases on the outer Continental Shelf shall be maintained or issued only under the provisions of this subchapter. (2) To the extent that they are applicable and not inconsistent with this subchapter or with other Federal laws and regulations of the Secretary now in effect or hereafter adopted, the civil and criminal laws of each adjacent State as of August 7, 1953 are declared to be the law of the United States for that portion of the subsoil and seabed of the outer Continental Shelf, and artificial islands and fixed structures erected thereon, which would be within the area of the State if its boundaries were extended seaward to the outer margin of the outer Continental Shelf, and the President shall determine and publish in the Federal Register such projected lines extending seaward and defining each such area. All of such applicable laws shall be administered and enforced by the appropriate officers and courts of the United States. State taxation laws shall not apply to the outer Continental Shelf. (3) The provisions of this section for adoption of State law as the law of the United States shall never be interpreted as a basis for claiming any interest in or jurisdiction on behalf of any State for any purpose over the seabed and subsoil of the outer Continental Shelf, or the property and natural resources thereof or the revenues therefrom. (b) Jurisdiction of United States district courts. The United States district courts shall have original jurisdiction of cases and controversies arising out of or in connection with any operations conducted on the outer Continental Shelf for the purpose of exploring for, developing, removing or transporting by pipeline the natural resources, or involving rights to the natural resources of the subsoil and seabed of the outer Continental Shelf, and proceedings with respect to any such case or controversy may be instituted in the judicial district in which any defendant resides or may be found, or in the judicial district of the adjacent State nearest the place where the cause of action arose. (c) Applicability of Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act; definitions. With respect to disability or death of an employee resulting from any injury occurring as the result of operations described in subsection (b) of this section, compensation shall be payable under the provisions of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act. For the purposes of the extension of the provisions of the Longshoremen's and |