spring rises a few yards from the place, and along the elevated ground on the banks of the stream flowing from this, numerous mineral springs burst forth around the hill upon which the houses stand. The principal, and the only one examined, is situated toward the east, alongside of a bed of magnesian limestone. Besides its being highly sulphurous, I found in the water, on a hasty, and consequently imperfect, examination made on the spot, salts of lime, magnesia and soda in valuable quantity. To make anything like a thorough examination of the springs of Alabama, not already examined, would require more time than was devoted to the entire survey.

This spring is situated in a healthful region; the proprietors are improving the grounds and buildings, and making it otherwise a pleasant place of sojourn for the summer.

The Shelby Springs, like those of Blount, are situated near the black shale. One issues from the limestone, and is calcareous, and the other from the shale, from which it derives its sulphurous and chalybeate properties. This has also been analyzed by Prof. Brumby. The situation is beautiful, and the establishment is arranged with a view to both taste and comfort.

I am not quite certain as to the geological position of the Talladega Springs; but of the qualities of the water, judging from Prof. Brumby's examination, there can be no doubt. There are many other springs in the state of deserved reputation, of which I have not yet collected the materials to give any account. Enough is already known to make it evident that the citizens of Alabama need not leave the state in search of more valuable mineral waters.-Tuomey's Rep.

4.-SUMMER RESORTS AT THE SOUTH.

SULLIVAN'S ISLAND, S. C.

Last summer it was our good fortune to visit again the home of our nativity, Charleston, and we were not a little delighted to mark the evidences of its great progress.

From the city we visited Sullivan's Island, which is to become the Rockaway of the South, and which has already a splendid hotel, and when we were there, was crowded with visitors.

Dr. Irving, of Charleston, whose pen gives life to everything that he touches, thus describes the various improvements on the island :

"In sooth, monsters

That thro' a throat, as black as Erebus,

Disgorge dense smoke, and vomit fiery sparks.

They run

On mystic wheels, which plough the river's breast
To ceaseless furrows of white milky spray,"

"But to descend from poetry to plain prose, there is no question that these cheap conveyances from the city to the suburbs, constituting as they do, as regular a vehicular communication, and as much to be relied upon, as if our tran sit was over a bridge, are the greatest conveniences for many, very many of our citizens, that Charleston has witnessed for some time. Facilities for travel will always cause increase of travel, particularly when combined with cheapness. As the fare now is only ten cents to Sullivan's Island and the other intermediate landing, the temptation to frequent change of air is irresistible with all sorts and conditions of our people. Some idea may be formed of the business doing by this company, when we assert, that thousands upon thousands of passengers are computed to have used the company's boats during the last spring and summer, the number doubling every month, or nearly so the exact number we do not feel at liberty to give. This insures a handsome revenue and profit independent as it is of the income arising from the daily freight paid by the farmer and planter on his stock, crop, &c., brought to market."

MOUNT PLEASANT.

"As all the boats going from or returning to the city, stop at Mount Pleasant, great improvements have been made at that point for the accommodation of

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visitors. A long wharf has been built at the company's expense, at the end of which a fine pier has been so constructed, that no matter what the time of tide, passengers are enabled to land or embark without the slightest inconvenience. "Mount Pleasant is now becoming a populous and thriving village, by being brought, by the aid of these steam-boats, much nearer to the city than it was before-summer retreats are multiplying and lining its borders on the bay, and a large hotel is on the full tide of successful experiment, admirably well kept, as we understand-a great accommodation to transient visitors, or families who may only desire temporary change of air during the summer-good rooms being procurable by the week or day at very reasonable rates.

"The names of the different boats which constitute the line, of which we are now speaking, are 'The Coffee,' The Mount Pleasant,' 'The Hibben,' and The Massasoit.' New ones will be added of course, as the business still further increases. They leave the city from Market Wharf, at stated intervals, throughout the day, and return with like regularity. The Massasoit' and Coffee,' being the fastest of the boats, either one or the other, every Wednesday and Saturday, during the year, makes a trip up Cooper river, for the accommodation of the planters in that region round about.

"In addition to the boats already mentioned, the safe and expeditious steamer 'The Gov. Aiken,' makes frequent trips to Fort Johnson and to Morris' Island, and also to that once popular resort of pic-nic parties, Mathews' Ferry, in Christ Church, conveying passengers thither for a few cents; and also, when specially engaged by parties, by the particular request of several persons of distinction,' as Sylvester Daggerwood would say, it progresses as far as the village up the Wando, thus enabling the planters in lower St. Thomas's and in Christ Church Parish, to visit their plantations and inspect their crops, with safety and comfort, during the summer.

"In this connection we may mention a still further accommodation that these steamers are now affording from time to time, to another class of our fellowcitizens, whom we little dreamt would avail themselves of an opportunity in this way, pleasantly to beguile an hour. We allude to our city belles and beaux, who having upon occasions made up parties for an afternoon or moonlight ride upon the beach at Sullivan's Island, ship their horses in Charleston, and after reaching the Cove, disembark them; then take a delightful canter for a couple of hours, reaching in that time the extremity of the island, and retracing their steps, get back to the city at the hour they would return from a ride on the Battery or on the Charleston Neck-having escaped the dust and crowd incidental to, and inseparable from, the purlieus of a city, besides having breathed a purer air and benefited by a more invigorating exercise.

"No scene can be more entrancing to persons in a particular mood of mind, than the one viewed by moon-light from the beach of Sullivan's Island. The long and sullen swell of the Atlantic, breaking upon the sands beneath our feet, and the yellow beam' dancing merrily upon the luminous waters. On the land side, as we ride on, Fort Moultrie with its gateway, and its narrow postern, and its ramparts, well provided with wall pieces, call up the usual associations of the patriotic past-across the moonlit bay, Fort Sumter throws a dim shadowstill further on Fort Johnson is faintly discernible, and further and fainter still, the outline of the city may be traced in the dusky distance. Seward, the Beacons are seen on Morris' Island, like glow-worms to pale their uneffectual fires,' in the sweet moonlight; and the Light-house beyond, peeps occasionally with a transitory glance over the glittering ocean, like some weary sentinel, as it were, dozing at his post, tired with overwatching.

"In addition to many other local improvements on Sullivan's Island, which have recently been made, a very commodious and convenient hotel has just been built, and was opened for the reception of company on the 8th day of July last. The very appropriate title has been given to it of

THE MOULTRIE HOUSE.'

"The need of such an establishment has long been felt. Surprise has often been expressed, that whilst every other popular summer resort has been provided with adequate accommodations for all who might be desirous of patronizing

them, Sullivan's Island should so long have remained subject to the objections, to which the absence of a large and well conducted hotel always exposes a place, in the judgment of the public. A desideratum so long required, as to this locale, has at last been supplied, and in a manner which promises to afford general satisfaction.

The edifice in question is at once elegant in its construction, and admirably suited to the purpose for which it is intended, and is put together, at the same time, so strongly as to render it storm proof. Its frame is of yellow pine, supported on brick piers, which rest on a grillage work consisting of heavy logs halved together at all joinings and crossings, and securely pinned together; these logs run under the line of frame of the building, piazza sills, and all partitions, and are bedded on the sand below the line of the water. The building proper is 256 feet long and 40 feet wide, with wings at end 100 feet long, 38 feet wide, with front piazza 16 feet wide, and back piazza 10 feet wide. The central portion of the building projects in front, and continues up through the roof, forming an attic of two stories. Its situation, too, is most judicious, commanding an inspiriting view of the harbor and bay of Charleston, and of the seathe open sea-the surf of which dashes up on a wide beach, not many feet from the hotel, and then breaks into little billows, which, as if instinct with life, keep continually chasing each other, like children in play, far up on the sand. A splendid beach continues round to the very extremity of the island, forming a fine Corso for a ride or drive of many miles, by twilight or moonlight, and affording facilities for bathing (by means of covered vehicles constructed for the purpose) to those who are disposed for a bath at any time in the surf. The climate is delicious and healthful. Here, no pestilential blasts of 'villainous compounds offend ;'-no insufferable heat is experienced, that jades us in the city through the day and night, thawing and resolving our too, too solid flesh into a dew;-here, no discordant noise of the great Babel is heard; but instead, the music of the ocean is in our ears, with its bold harmonies, and the cool breeze, one of nature's sweet restorers,' comes wafted to us over the glad waters, from the sea, balmy and pure as a breath of Divinity."

PROSPECTS OF THE HOTEL.

"Again, it is our opinion that the establishment of this hotel will induce many Northern families to come among us and exchange an inhospitable clime for an hospitable one during the winter, certain as they will be to find those comforts which have often been inquired after, but hitherto looked for in vain, on our seaboard. We are confident the Hotel will be as well-patronized during the winter as the summer months. The same reason that beguiles Southern families to visit the North in the summer, will induce our Northern friends to return the compliment, and interchange visits regularly with us during the winter. We know no less than five families that arrived in Charleston to spend last winter in our neighborhood, but not being able to procure lodgings exactly to suit them, so that they could have the benefit of sea air, dispersed and sought other situations further South, either in the neighborhood of Savannah, Augustine, or Cuba."

5. THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH IN REGARD TO SLAVERY. We extract the following remarks from an address made a short time ago, in Macon county, Georgia, by our esteemed friend, Stephen F. Miller, Esq., a copy of which he has kindly sent us. The readers of the Review will perhaps remember Mr. Miller as having been associated a short time with us in the editorial department, where we found him a most laborious, active, untiring and intelligent confrere, and have ever lamented that his services could not have been retained for the Review. Our best wishes are with him, however, in whatever field of usefulness he may be employed.

On the 4th of July, 1776, domestic slavery existed nies that declared Independence of Great Britain. members of the confederacy, seven have abolished it. eight non-slaveholding states have since been added to ing table shows the slave population in 1776:

in all the American coloOf the thirteen original Nine slaveholding and the Union. The follow

African slavery would have existed to this day in the Northern States, had it been sufficiently profitable; but as the climate was too cold for cotton, rice and sugar, slave labor was discarded—it did not pay.

If concession be a merit, the South set an early example. She yielded twofifths of her slaves in 1787, in apportioning Representatives; whilst the North retained every person of color within her limits, as a basis of power in Congress. This fact is an admission of property. What else could have induced the South to assent to this classification, or the North to claim the abatement, in the number of Representatives under the Federal Constitution? The subject produced much feeling between the two sections, and led to the first compromise in our political system.

As to the propriety of slave labor, the North has no right to judge. She may cherish manufactures, run ships, cultivate orchards, or do whatever else she pleases within her own sphere, and the South says not a word; but when she turns champion of a false and misguided humanity, and takes upon herself the guardianship of the South, well may we resist the usurpation. For the last fifteen years we have protested in vain. From a few crazy memorials to Congress, abolition has swelled to its present hideous bulk.

With Louisiana, we acquired from France in 1803, that immense region extending from the Mississippi to the Rio Grande, then a slave country. When Missouri applied for admission into the Union, in 1820, the North objected, because she recognized slavery in her constitution. This drew the line of 36 degrees 30 minutes, to quiet the troubled waters, and was the first exercise by Congress of the power to legislate on slavery under the Constitution. After the Treaty of 1819 with Spain, our Western limits were greatly contracted. Beginning where Virginia and North Carolina connect on the Atlantic coast, and thence westward to the 100th degree of longitude, the Missouri parallel, crossing 25 degrees, formed the barrier to slavery in all states north of it and west of the Mississippi river. Since then we have added 22 deg. to the Pacific-making about 3,500 miles from ocean to ocean. For comparison I submit a statement, showing the relative strength of the North and South, in extent and population :

These tables include all persons whatever, white and black. Of the number in the South, 2,486,226 are slaves, according to the census of 1840. An enumeration is now in progress, which, we presume, will show an increase of about 30 per cent. in the entire population.

Whilst conferring together on the blessings of the Union, let us briefly glance at our resources-that our adversary may take warning, as well from what he will lose, as from what we shall continue to possess, in the event of dissolution. The cotton crop of the United States for the last ten years has averaged 2,100,000 bales. To raise this quantity, let 500 pounds in seed to the acre, five bales to the hand, 450 pounds to the bale, and 7 cents per lb. be assumed in the estimate. We then have :

7,560,000 acres in cultivation, worth $10..
420,000 slaves in cotton fields, worth $600.

Capital invested in cotton

$75,600,000

252,000,000

-$327,000,000

With the land and force here stated, the South is able to export annually 2,100,000 bales, worth $66,500,000-an interest of nearly 20 per cent. Out of this, however, expenses of every kind have to be paid, reducing the actual gain probably to 8 per cent. This, we think, is about the medium of the cotton growing states. Perhaps it may slide as low as five per cent. Of course there are exceptions; some planters realizing more, and others less, according to their skill and opportunity. Besides the choice hands assigned to cotton, the remaining 2,000,000 of slaves in the South may be averaged at $400, making a total of $800,000,000 of that kind of property employed otherwise. The cotton mills, railroads, merchandise and shipping of the North may be more productive, but are not equal in magnitude of value, or more essential to her well being. In addition to cotton, two other important articles produced exclusively by slave labor, ought to be mentioned-sugar and rice. These crops are of the annual value, probably, of $20,000,000; to say nothing of tobacco, worth $15,000,000 more, raised in slave states. Thus we have upwards of $100,000,000 annually produced by slave labor, for market, exclusive of provisions. For nearly all this stupendous yield, and its multiplied exchanges, the North is the carrier and commission merchant, levying enormous profits on the South. In case the Union is dissolved, Charleston, Savannah, Mobile and New-Orleans will be the importing marts for the South, instead of New-York and Boston. Manufactories are already established, and still rapidly advancing, in the South. Our neighboring city of Columbus is the future Lowell. As a mere question of profit and loss, which party will suffer most by disunion?

6.-STATISTICS OF SOUTH CAROLINA.

In the following table is exhibited, first, the total population of South Carolina, at each census taken by the United States; second, the slave population; thirdly, the number of Representatives in Congress for each decennial period; fourthly, the number of free colored persons, all according to the United States census returns. The two last columns exhibit the population, according to the state census, which is always one year in advance of the federal reckoning :

Slaves are not enumerated in our state census, but the numbers above set down are taken from the report of the Comptroller-General, founded on the tax returns of the state. In the United States census, slaves are enumerated for the purpose of representation.