II. LETTERS, REPORTS, EXHIBITS, CHARTS, AND TABLES-Continued Henderson, James W., Jr., chairman, Solid Waste Disposal Committee of Greater Washington Citizens for Clean Air, letter dated March 21, 1967.. Library of Congress, American Law Division, opinion on injunctive relief for the town of Cheverly, Md.. Los Angeles County, Calif.: Air Pollution Control District documents: Administration of the permit system.. Air Pollution Control District (APCD) rules and regulations. Air pollution field operations manual... Air pollution from commercial jet aircraft in Los Angeles County "Air Quality of Los Angeles County," technical progress report "Chemistry of Urban Atmospheres,' technical progress report "Control of Stationary Sources," technical progress report No. 1. Emissions of oxides of nitrogen from stationary sources (4 Gasoline consumption and control of smog-- Research and engineering development studies on organic sol- The joint petroleum refinery project report (9 volumes). Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments: Page 827 634 * 133 197 255 * Potomac Electric Power Co. (PEPCO): Model local air pollution control ordinance, published July 1966----- 585 600 725 702 700 Annual report for 1966___ Coal and oil burned in 1965 and 1966 in Pepco's five steam electric Dust collector test data (Buzzard Point and Potomac River Stations) - Fuel oil costs, 1965-66 712 722, 723 724 701 719 714 Power stations, substations, interconnections (map).. The Clean Air Act, December 17, 1963, Public Law 88-206; as amended 95 49 Tobriner, Hon. Walter N., president, D.C. Board of Commissioners: Letter dated February 17, 1967, to Hon. Hervey G. Machen re proposed sanitary land fill near Muirkirk, Md.. 632 Letter dated March 10, 1967 to Hon. Hervey G. Machen re possible Vansville Heights Citizens Association, Inc., letter dated February 23, *Files of the subcommittee. 633 677 II. LETTERS, REPORTS, EXHIBITS, CHARTS, AND Washington Gas Light Co.: TABLES-Continued Letter dated March 2, 1967 to Metropolitan Council of Governments reasons.. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Commission, report of the air pollution committee to Mr. Delmer Ison, executive director, August 25, 1966___ Page 580 754 819 PROBLEMS OF AIR POLLUTION IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (District of Columbia Air Pollution in General) WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 1967 U.S. SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON BUSINESS AND COMMERCE, EDUCATION, WELFARE, AND SAFETY, OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Washington, D.C. The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 9:35 a.m., in room 6226, New Senate Office Building, Senator Joseph D. Tydings, presiding. Present: Senators Tydings (presiding) and Spong. Also present: Chester H. Smith, staff director; Fred L. McIntyre, counsel; and Howard A. Abrahams, assistant counsel. Senator TYDINGS. I call the Subcommittee on Business and Commerce and the Subcommittee on Public Health, Education, Welfare, and Safety of the Committee on the District of Columbia to order. Today, we begin 6 days of joint hearings by the Subcommittee on Business and Commerce and the Subcommittee on Public Health, Education, Welfare, and Safety to examine the problems of air pollution in the District of Columbia. Each day will be devoted to a specific topic. The hearings today will deal with "District of Columbia Air Pollution in General." Tomorrow, Thursday, March 9, the subject will be "Air Pollution in the District Caused by the Federal Government." The third day, Monday, March 13, the subcommittees will turn their attention to the "Air Pollution Control programs in Other Cities." In this respect, I'm happy to say that Mr. Louis J. Fuller, chief, Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control District, and Mr. William J. Stanley, director, Department of Air Pollution Control in Chicago, will be coming to Washington to tell us of their cities' efforts in air pollution abatement. The fourth day, Tuesday, March 14, the subject will be the "Kenilworth Dump and Proposed Alternatives" while the fifth day the hearings will deal with "Pollution and Private Business in the District of Columbia." Finally, on the last day, Thursday, March 16, the subcommittees will direct their attention to "The District of Columbia Government and Its Air Pollution Control Efforts." These 6 days of hearings should provide us with a better understanding of the problems of air pollution in the District and help us to come up with the quickest and most efficient ways of controlling it. We will also be able to tell whether new legislation is required to control air pollution in the District of Columbia. Recently, air pollution has received a great deal of national attention. Almost every day articles about air pollution may be found in some newspapers and magazines throughout the country. We are told of the enormous amounts of aerial sewage with which we are polluting our atmosphere and of the large sums of money that the American people must spend if we are to win the battle for clean air. All this national attention is to the good. Indeed, it is essential. Yet we need more. Public attention must be focused on the problems of air pollution in specific areas, and in specific cities. Cities and towns throughout the Nation must make their citizens aware of the air pollution problems they face in their own locality. This is one thing-for Washington, D.C.-these hearings are trying to accomplish. We are trying to focus in on our Nation's Capital and explore the local air pollution situation. Under the Clean Air Act the Federal Government through the National Center for Air Pollution Control is authorized, under certain. conditions, to initiate abatement proceedings. I'm happy to say that such proceedings are now underway for the Metropolitan Washington area. I believe, moreover, that the second stage of the abatement proceedings the conference-will be held early this summer. I welcome this action and commend the NCAPC for undertaking it. I do not believe, however, that these joint hearings are in any way duplicating these abatement proceedings. The 6 days of public hearings which we are holding will deal with the problems of air pollution in the District in far more general terms than those employed by the National Center. The hearings are to be a general survey of the situation emphasizing education and identification and coming forth with recommendations for halting the more immediate and blatant forms of pollution in the District. The NCAPC abatement action, on the other hand, will go into the problems in greater detail, making full use of the technical expertise which this agency of the Public Health Service possesses. Taken together, of course, a truly comprehensive picture of the air pollution in the District will be achieved. I look forward to a fruitful 6 days of hearings. The quality of the air in the District of Columbia certainly is not what it ought to be. Automobiles, office buildings, apartment houses, and refuse disposal areas all contribute to the pollution of the air we breathe. The chart displayed in front of me is ample evidence that particulate and gaseous pollutants are far too common in the District's air. We simply must halt this pollution and provide our citizens with clean air. It is their right to expect it and our responsibility as Government officials and concerned citizens to provide them with it. I am delighted this morning that Senator Spong, who is a member of this committee, and also a most active member of the Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution who has attended hearings on the general problem of air pollution literally from the west coast to the east coast, is jointly assisting in the conduct of these hearings. We welcome his presence here today and we would appreciate it if he would say a few words. Senator SPONG. Thank you, Senator Tydings. The general problem of air pollution is of great concern and interest to me. It has been my pleasure to serve with Senator Tydings on the Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution of the Committee on Public Works and I am delighted to have the opportunity to participate in these hearings. They are of particular interest to me not only as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia but also as the representative of a large number of Virginians who are vitally affected by pollution in the metropolitan area. Such problems require the cooperative efforts of many governmental agencies in both Maryland and Virginia as well as the District. Motor vehicles are a major contributor to air pollution problemsand Metropolitan Washington has more cars and trucks per square mile than any other urban center in the Nation, including Los Angeles and New York. Recent hearings of the Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution which Senator Tydings and I attended in Los Angeles and Detroit emphasized this. I am confident that these hearings will aid tremendously in the development of programs to curtail this and other causes of pollution in the metropolitan area. I would like to take an additional moment to welcome two Virginians who will be contributing testimony to the subcommittee this morning-Mr. Augustus Johnson of Springfield and Dr. Murdock Head of Warrenton. I am sure their comments will be of considerable value. Senator TYDINGS. Thank you very much, Senator Spong, and I would like to welcome your constituents, and mine to these hearings. Our first witness this morning is Dr. John T. Middleton, Director, National Center for Air Pollution Control, Public Health Service. I believe Mr. Griswold is here with him, Chief Enforcement Officer. If you gentlemen, and any of your aids, will come up to the witness table, we will be most happy to hear from you. STATEMENT OF DR. JOHN T. MIDDLETON, DIRECTOR, NATIONAL CENTER FOR AIR POLLUTION CONTROL, PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE; ACCOMPANIED BY S. SMITH GRISWOLD, ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR FOR ABATEMENT AND CONTROL Dr. MIDDLETON. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, I appreciate this opportunity to participate in your hearings on air pollution in the District of Columbia. Air pollution is a shameful problem anywhere in a nation as wealthy and as technologically advanced as ours. In our Nation's Capital, it is especially shameful. The Nation's Capital should, in my view, be a model for other communities to emulate in dealing with urban problems, not a horrible example they can cite to excuse their failures. Insofar as air pollution is concerned, this community is no model; on many days each year, it is closer to being the opposite. I am not suggesting that the Washington area faces an imminent air pollution crisis. The fact is that neither the city nor the suburbs is plagued by air pollution as unrelenting and oppressive as that which confronts such places as New York and Los Angeles. Even so, air pollution is already a needlessly serious problem, every day of the |