Mr. CARPENTER. The question has arisen, though, as to what degree were the deliberations of that body executive, and, if so, was the session one described as a star chamber session?

The Colorado River Commission, as this committee will well remember, was the outgrowth of acts of the legislatures of the seven States and of Congress, appointments to the commission having been made by the Governors of these States and by the President. The hearings of the commission commenced in Washington, D. C., in open session at the Department of Commerce. At that session the officers of the commission were selected, Mr. Herbert Hoover, Secretary of Commerce, being made chairman of the commission, and Mr. Clarence C. Stetson, secretary. After two days of open session the commission went into executive session for the purpose of ascertaining various details of the subject matter presented and arranging for future itinerary. That was in January, 1922. In that year, in the spring, the commission held a series of hearings throughout the Southwest, beginning at Phoenix, going to Yuma, up to Boulder Dam, in the Imperial Valley, at Los Angeles, Salt Lake, Grand Canyon, Denver, and Cheyenne. Much the same material was presented before that commission as has been presented before this committee. Sessions were open; everybody had the privilege of speaking who cared to, and the committee gave all of the time requested to the hearings it held in the various sections where problems of importance were presented.

It was then agreed by this commission that they would adjourn until immediately following the election in November, realizing that if such an adjournment was not taken various people with political ambition would immediately draw the river question into cheap partisan politics. The commission reconvened some two days after the election, at Santa Fe, N. Mex., at the Bishop's Lodge, which had been selected by a subcommittee as the place to meet. The first day's session was an open session at which the Diamond Creek project of this State of Arizona, and other projects presented some important data, and finished the completion of the presentation of their case. Hotel accommodations at Bishop's Lodge were limited, and the many visitors coming with business or upon missions of curiosity found themselves badly crowded. The commission went into what I might call semi-executive session after the first day; that is to say, there were present at these sessions the commission, its officials, and reporters. All the governors of the seven States came and went with freedom, without restraint. All the newly elected governors were invited to be present and participate, not in the discussions, but in looking on and in the discussions on the side lines. All the attorneys general of the seven States, any Federal official or official of any department of the Federal Government, for example, Mr. Hoover came there with Mr. Hamlet, his legal adviser, Arthur P. Davis, and Mr. Smith as his engineering advisors. Each commissioner took with him also an engineering or legal adviser and others still, in addition, were present at those sessions throughout, from beginning to end. At no time did the Colorado River Commission go into completely executive

session. That is, at no time did they exclude everyone from the room. They were favored with the presence and the advice of the governors of several of the States, for example, the Utah Governor appeared over there two or three times and brought with him Doctor Wetzel, the great American authority on water supply. Doctor Wetzel remained throughout the session.

About the third day it became evident to the commission that the proceedings would be greatly hampered unless there were a thinning out of the people. The hotel proprietor had bargained for housing twice the people he could really accommodate. The request was made of him that he arrange matters so that the commission would not be embarrassed in their work by being crowded, several people in a room, that is, for sleeping quarters. There was no heat given and in the next 24 hours the order was put out by the commission that if the hotel did not make arrangements to afford better accommodations the commission would adjourn to some other point where proper accommodations might be had. As a result, a number were asked to check out, which led to the unfortunate complaints upon their part that the commission did not wish their presence, and they took offense and went home growling and grumbling. And out of that, as a matter of jest, there developed the accusation that meetings of the commission were wholly executive and no one else was allowed to participate.

I might say that the compact was drawn by a drafting committee headed by Mr. Hoover, Mr. Stephen B. Davis, of New Mexico, now Solicitor of the Department of Commerce, was a member; Frank C. Morrison, of Wyoming, Mr. McIsaac, of Sacramento, George Sloan, of this city, and myself were on that committee. The jest that these people, like our friend who introduced me the other night, for example, like to play with is that some of us, one in particular, wrote the treaty, which is not the case at all. The outcome of the work of the drafting committee is the treaty, or compact, rather, as drawn, as signed. Anyone who had any argument to present was called in. We took the period of not a few hours, but of many days, to complete the drafting of the compact. And I now offer for the record this copy of the Santa Fe compact as drawn.

The CHAIRMAN. It will be received and printed.

(The compact referred to is in words and figures as follows:)

COLORADO RIVER COMPACT

The States of Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming, having resolved to enter into a compact under the act of Congress of the United States of America, approved August 19, 1921 (42 Stat. 171), and the acts of the legislatures of the said States, have through their governors appointed as their commissioners:

W. S. Norviel, for the State of Arizona;

W. F. McClure, for the State of California;

Delph E. Carpenter, for the State of Colorado;

J. G. Scrugham, for the State of Nevada;

Stephen B. Davis, jr., for the State of New Mexico;
R. E. Caldwell, for the State of Utah;

72578-25-PT 3- -2

Frank C. Emerson, for the State of Wyoming;

who, after negotiations participated in by Herbert Hoover, appointed by the President as the representative of the United States of America, have agreed upon the following articles:

ARTICLE I

The major purposes of this contract are to provide for the equitable division and apportionment of the use of the waters of the Colorado River system: to establish the relative importance of different beneficial uses of water; to promote interstate comity; to remove causes of present and future controversies, and to secure the expeditious agricultural and industrial development of the Colorado River Basin, the storage of its waters, and the protection of life and property from floods. To these ends the Colorado Basin is divided into two basins, and an apportionment of the use of part of the water of the Colorado River system is made to each of them, with the provision that further equitable apportionment may be made.

As used in this compact:

ARTICLE II

(a) The term "Colorado River system" means that portion of the Colorado River and its tributaries within the United States of America.

(b) The term "Colorado River Basin means all of the drainage area of the Colorado River system and all other territory within the United States of America to which the waters of the Colorado River system shall be beneficially applied.

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(c) The term States of the upper division" means the States of Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming.

(d) The term "States of the lower division" means the States of Arizona, California, and Nevada.

(e) The term "Lee Ferry" means a point in the main stream of the Colorado River 1 mile below the mouth of the Paria River.

(f) The term " upper basin" means those parts of the States of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming within and from which waters naturally drain into the Colorado River system above Lee Ferry, and also all parts of said States located without the drainage area of the Colorado River system which are now or shall hereafter be beneficially served by waters diverted from the system below Lee Ferry.

(h) The term "domestic use shall include the use of water for household, stock, municipal, mining, milling, industrial and other like purposes, but shall exclude the generation of electrical power.

ARTICLE III

(a) There is hereby apportioned from the Colorado River system in perpetuity to the upper basin and to the lower basin, respectively, the exclusive beneficial consumptive use of 7,500,000 acre-feet of water per annum, which shall include all water necessary for the supply of any rights which may now exist.

(b) In addition to the apportionment in paragraph (a), the lower basin is hereby given the right to increase its beneficial consumptive use of such waters by 1,000,000 acre-feet per annum.

(c) If, as a matter of international comity, the United States of America shall hereafter recognize in the United States of Mexico any right to the use of any waters of the Colorado River system, such waters shall be supplied first from the waters which are surplus over and above the aggregate of the quantities specified in paragraphs (a) and (b); and if such surplus shall prove insufficient for this purpose, then the burden of such deficiency shall be equally borne by the upper basin and the lower basin, and whenever necessary the States of the upper division shall deliver at the Lee Ferry water to supply one-half of the deficiency so recognized in addition to that provided in paragraph (d).

(d) The States of the upper basin will not cause the flow of the river at Lee Ferry to be depleted below an aggregate of 75,000,000 acre-feet for any period of 10 consecutive years reckoned in continuing progressive series beginning with the first day of October next succeeding the ratification of this compact.

(e) The States of the upper division shall not withhold water, and the States of the lower division shall not require the delivery of water, which can not reasonably be applied to domestic and agricultural uses.

(f) Further equitable apportionment of the beneficial uses of the waters of the Colorado River system unapportioned by paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) may be made in the manner provided in paragraph (g) at any time after October 1, 1963, if and when either basin shall have reached its total beneficial consumptive use as set out in paragraphs (a) and (b).

(g) In the event of a desire for a further apportionment as provided in paragraph (f) any two signatory States, acting through their governors, may give joint notice of such desire to the governors of the other signatory States and to the President of the United States of America, and it shall be the duty of the governors of the signatory States and of the President of the United States of America forthwith to appoint representatives, whose duty it shall be to divide and apportion equitably between the upper basin and the lower basin the beneficial use of the unapportioned water of the Colorado River system as mentioned in paragraph (f) subject to the legislative ratification of the signatory States and the Congress of the United States of America.

ARTICLE IV

(a) Inasmuch as the Colorado River has ceased to be navigable for commerce and the reservation of its waters for navigation would seriously limit the development of its basin, the use of its waters for purposes of navigation shall be subservient to the uses of such waters for domestic, agricultural and power purposes. If the Congress shall not consent to this paragraph, the other provisions of this compact shall nevertheless remain binding.

(b) Subject to the provisions of this compact, water of the Colorado River system may be impounded and used for the generation of electrical power, but such impounding and use shall be subservient to the use and consumption of such water for agricultural and domestic purposes and shall not interfere with or prevent use for such dominant purposes.

(c) The provisions of this article shall not apply to or interfere with the regulation and control by any State within its boundaries of the appropriation, use, and distribution of water.

ARTICLE V

The chief official of each signatory State charged with the administration of water rights, together with the Director of the United States Reclamation Service and the Director of the United States Geological Survey shall cooperate, ex officio:

(a) To promote the systematic determination and coordination of the facts as to flow, appropriation, consumption, and use of water in the Colorado River Basin, and the interchange of available information in such manners. (b) To secure the ascertainment and publication of the annual flow of the Colorado River at Lee Ferry.

(c) To perform such other duties as may be assigned by mutual consent of the signatories from time to time.

ARTICLE VI

Should any claim or controversy arise between any two or more of the signatory States: (a) With respect to the waters of the Colorado River system not covered by the terms of this compact; (b) over the meaning or performance of any of the terms of this compact: (c) as to the allocation of the burdens incident to the performance of any article of this compact or the delivery of waters as herein provided; (d) as to the construction or operation of works within the Colorado River Basin to be situated in two or more States, or to be constructed in one State for the benefit of another State; or (e) as to the diversion of water in one State for the benefit of another State; the governors of the States affected, upon the request of one of them, shall forthwith appoint commissioners with power to consider and adjust such claim or controversy, subject to ratification by the legislatures of the States so affected.

Nothing herein contained shall prevent the adjustment of any such claim or controversy by any present method or by direct future legislative actions of the interested States.

ARTICLE VII

Nothing in this compact shall be construed as affecting the obligations of the United States of America to Indian tribes.

ARTICLE VIII

Present perfected rights to the beneficial use of waters of the Colorado River system are unimpaired by this compact. Whenever storage capacity of 5,000,000 acre-feet shall have been provided on the main Colorado River within or for the benefit of the lower basin, then claims of such rights, if any, by appropirators or users of water in the lower basin against appropriators or users of water in the upper basin shall attach to and be satisfied from water that may be stored not in conflict with Article III.

All other rights to beneficial use of waters of the Colorado River system shall be satisfied solely from the water apportioned to that basin in which they are situate.

ARTICLE IX

Nothing in this compact shall be construed to limit or prevent any State from instituting or maintaining any action or proceedings, legal or equitable. for the protection of any right under this compact or the enforcement of any of its provisions.

ARTICLE X

This compact may be terminated at any time by the unanimous agreement of the signatory States. In the event of such termination, all rights established under it shall continue unimpaired.

ARTICLE XI

This compact shall become binding and obligatory when it shall have been approved by the legislature of each of the signatory States and by the Congress of the United States.

Notice of approval by the legislatures shall be given by the governor of each signatory State to the governors of the other signatory States and to the President of the United States, and the President of the United States is requested to give notice to the governors of the signatory States of approval by the Congress of the United States.

In witness whereof, the commissioners have signed this compact in a single original, which shall be deposited in the archives of the Department of State of the United States of America, and of which a duly certified copy shall be forwarded to the governor of each of the signatory States.

Done at the city of Santa Fe, N. Mex., this 24th day of November. A. D. 1922.

Approved :

W. S. NORVIEL.

W. F. McCLURE.
DELPH E. CARPENTER.

J. G. SCRUCHAM.

STEPHEN B. DAVIS, Jr.
R. E. CALDWELL.
FRANK C. EMERSON.

HERBERT HOOVER.

Mr. CARPENTER. That has been submitted, of course, to the legis latures, and went down the line of the various States for ratification, as the committee is informed.

Now, one little slip, while I am speaking for the record, is a compilation by the engineer for Colorado of the quantities of water contributed by each State, the acreage considered at that time as irrigable in each State, and the amount of use that would be made. It is all in one table.