A

General of the Public Health Service, who is at the same time Director of the National Institute of Health, is a member of our committee. He is completely conversant with everything we are doing, so there is a complete interlocking of plans.

Mr. LUDLOW. I assumed that there was, but I wondered what your coordination was.

Dr. RICHARDS. I am glad you brought it out.

SPECIAL CHEMISTRY PROJECT

Mr. LUDLOW. One other question, if I may. I note in your special projects on medical research that there is one for chemistry in the amount of $755,000, I believe. Under your "Special projects, national defense," you have an item of a million dollars for chemical engineering. Is there any overlapping there?

Dr. RICHARDS. No. There is no duplication. The chief expense in that $755,000 is in the field of DDT and insecticides. It is largely spent for us by the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine of the Department of Agriculture. There is a close interlocking relationship between the N. D. R. C., the Department of Agriculture and ourselves in this whole field. There is a coordinating committee. within Dr. Bush's organization, O. S. R. D., and there is another Coordinating outfit set up under the National Academy of Sciences for the same purposes. So I think you can be assured that duplicationsunnecessary duplications-are not being permitted.

SPECIAL PROJECTS OFFICE A FIELD SERVICE

Mr. CANNON. Dr. Compton, may we have a statement on the next item, Field Service, page 5?

Dr. COMPTON. Just a word to describe what this service is. It is the smallest, and in some ways is the most varied, of activities of 9. S. R. D. It has not been very active in Europe, because most of the O. S. R. D. activities in Europe had become well established before this Office of Field Service was set up. So in the European theater we have handled only a certain number of special projects. We have, however, taken charge of all the field service work in the Pacific area.

The largest group is a group of about 70 men, who are attached to the Office of the Commander in Chief of the Navy, under his ReadiLess Division. That is the group in operations analysis, which orignally started out as a group given the responsibility for keeping all the record and analyses of the submarine operations, first in the Atlantic, and then extended to the Pacific. Then, later, about 6 or 7 onths ago, it was taken over by the Commander in Chief's Office of the Navy and was given charge of analyzing all naval operations, air, antisubmarine and prosubmarine, etc.

The next largest group we have is based in Hawaii, but they operate all over the central Pacific islands. It is an operation analysis group reporting to General Richardson, who is the commanding general of the Pacific Ocean area. That is what General Richardson calls a balanced team. It contains experts in radar, in communieations, in amphibious operations, in fire control, rockets, and so

forth. It is a group of about 23 men at the present time, and they are subject to call on special projects at any time.

The third large group has been in the Southwest Pacific under General MacArthur. Both of those two latter groups have been set up as special sections of the G. H. Q. at the two places.

Then, in addition to those principal groups, there are quite a large number of special missions which are carrying on investigations. For example, at General MacArthur's request we sent out a team to make a field study of malaria. That was done, and that has been completed.

There is now a man in S. W. P. A. whom Dr. Richards has loaned to us to make a study of fungus diseases of the skin. Incidentally, I believe fungus diseases of the skin are the largest cause of medical casualty now in that area. It has supplanted malaria in first place. There is a team to study the operations of the Army Engineer Corps, building landing strips and making recommendations for increased efficiency of those operations.

I shall not cover the list, but there is a very wide variety.

We get those men in several different ways-three ways, principally. Your committee authorized us to make contracts with the men-contract employees-and that is our normal way of getting men if we can get them in that way.

Then, we are also authorized to make contracts with companies for the release of their men occasionally for short missions. A man, for example, with the Bell Telephone Laboratories will not leave the employment of the Bell Telephone Laboratories when he takes on a job for us, because there may be something in their pension scheme or seniority rights that he would lose if he went out of their employment. There we make a contract with the company for the services of the man at whatever the appropriate salary is. We have a few men on that basis.

Then, we have quite a large number of men who come from or are detailed to us from the various N. D. R. C. or Medical Research groups. They are men on the pay roll of N. D. R. C., and they come to us without extra compensation, but we give them temporary appointments and supervise their work in the field. That is done when the men are going out in the field to introduce, for example, some new radar equin)ment in the field. The Radiation Laboratory lends us that mån. We give him a letter of appointment, and he goes out under the name of our office.

I have made up a list for the record which shows all we have done in the appointment of personnel. Our first appointments were on September 15, 1943. Those were the W. O. C. appointments in the initial set-up, and the work has grown since that time. The over-all figure since that time shows that we have had as contract employees, our normal contract of employment, 188 men. We have had on detail or loan from the various branches of N. D. R. C., 59 men. We have bad on contract with companies for the services of individuals, 24 We have had 24 on civil service. We have had 17 on a whenactually-employed basis, and 8 on a without-compensation basis. The total number of personnel that have been under appointment at one time or another is 320.

As of today-I have put it on this table here as of tomorrow, as of May 1-we have 131 contract employees, 40 on detail or loan, 21

on company contract, 16 on civil-service, 12 on a when-actuallyemployed basis, and 7 without compensation, making a total of 227. Total Office of Field Service personnel since September 15, 1943:

Full-time contract employees_.

On detail from other parts of Office of Scientific Research and
Development

59

On company contract.

On civil service__

When actually employed__

Without compensation__.

Total

320

On rolls May 1, 1945:

Full-time contract employees--

131

On detail from other parts of Office of Scientific Research and
Development

40

Mr. CANNON. How many contracts have you in force at this time? Dr. COMPTON. We have 15 in the Southwest Pacific and we have two in the Central Pacific, and they cover a great many subjects.

We have one effective group that went over 4 weeks before D-day, and they would work all over the field with 14 men.

A request came in for those men on Thursday and they left on Saturday. Their function was to operate on ships of the British Admiralty.

(Discussion off the record.)

OPERATION ANALYSES

PERSONAL SERVICES

Dr. COMPTON. Unless there are some questions in regard to our operations, I might pick up our budget and turn to page 28, under the heading of "Operation analysis." Our budget there provides for personal services to the extent of $1,057,000, and that covers two types of personnel-one, civil-service employees, which amounts to $46844, and the balance of it, a little over $1,000,000, will be spent for the employment of these field service consultants as contract employees.

TRAVEL EXPENSES

Then there is a travel item of $493,000, which is larger than last year because our men practically always go by air and the Air Transport Command informed us that beginning last January 1 they were going to charge for corrying our people to various theaters. Before hat they carried our men free.

We made that estimate on the basis of the commercial travel expense, but I do not believe we will use it all.

Mr. LUDLOW How many do you have in travel status, approximately?

Dr. COMPTON. We have on the order of 20 or 25 people going each Thonth to Europe or to some point in the Pacific.

That

The item for transportation of things is a very small item. is transportation within the United States. We transport quiet a lot of equipment into the theaters, but that is carried by the service that requests it.

Communications is estimated there as the O. F. S. portion of the total O. S. R. D. communications budget.

SPECIAL PROJECTS

Dr. BUSH. I think the principal item there that should have some attention is the item for special projects.

Mr. CANNON. That is practically half a million dollars?

Dr. COMPTON. Yes. The amount for the past year was $150,000. We lived within that amount. The reason we put that up to a much larger amount for next year was because, in the opinion of the people in the Pacific, it is possible we may want to enter into contracts there with the University of Manila and the University of Hawaii for the establishment of forward-base laboratories. We have a man now on a trip there to see what should be set up and how it can be set up.

In Hawaii there are some large buildings there which can be used. There is a big stadium at the University of Manila, and there is a proposition that we enter into a contract with the University of Manila to set up a laboratory in that stadium. I do not know what that situation will be. We may not have reason to use it, but since it is now under investigation we have made an estimate which should cover the situation in case we should be called upon to establish in the Pacific area laboratories of the sort which have been operated in England in the European war.

RENTS AND UTILITIES

The next largest remaining item in magnitude is under rents and utilities, and the amount of $19,200 is for the rental of International Business Machines equipment which is used principally by the large operational research group attached to the Navy as a basis for their statistical studies of all kinds of operations. We have a major installation at the Navy Department building which has to do operation research going on in the Navy, and we also have a smaller installation in Hawaii.

PERSONAL SERVICES

Mr. CANNON. Dr. Bush, while your estimates for personal services and administrative expenses, as shown on page 1, are relatively a small part of your total, I note that there is an increase of $10,000 in these items as compared with rather drastic reductions in the research projects. I am just wondering why it is necessary to increase the cost of administration when the cost of your work generally is declining.

Dr. BUSH. The changes there are scattered. The general administration is going up and N. D. R. C. goes down 18 man-years, and operations analysis goes up 39 man-years.

At the present time, our situation there is that we are now below the ceiling fixed by the Bureau of the Budget, and it is certainly not too great.

Mr. TABER. How many have you got?

Dr. STEWART. We have 795 on the civil-service rolls at the present time; that is paid personnel subject to the ceiling fixed by the Bureau of the Budget.

Mr. TABER. You mean they are on the departmental personnel pay roll?

Dr. STEWART. All our civil-service positions are departmental.

Mr. TABER. You have 754 man-years set up on the department roll? Dr. STEWART. Delay in filling positions accounts for our having 795 persons on our rolls at the present time although the estimated manyears aggregate only 754.

Mr. TABER. It classifies them by civil-service grades.

Dr. STEWART. I am sorry I did not make it clear that these are exclusive of contract employees of the Office of Field Service.

Mr. TABER. It is sort of confusing for us. It may not be your fault. Dr. STEWART. What line are you reading from?

Mr. TABER. It is on page 59 at the bottom of the page.

Dr. STEWART. The principal difference is with respect to the W. O. C., that is persons serving without compensation, and contract employees, who are Dr. Compton's people. The figure I refer to is the 763.2 man-years estimated for next year.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. That is man years?

Dr. STEWART. Seven hundred and ninety-five persons actually on the rolls at the present time. They have not been on the rolls during the full year. This number corresponds to our estimate of 763.2 manyears for next year.

LANGUAGE CHANGES

Mr. CANNON. Turning to page 56 and 57 of the bill, I note there are some suggested changes in language. Will you briefly tell us about those?

Dr. BUSH. The first one is for the replacement of one passenger automobile. Prior to the present fiscal year we had no passenger automobile. The Central Administrative Services decentralized its functions, and the vehicle was transferred to the O. R. S. B.

We keep these automobiles in the field moving personnel about. We have no automobiles assigned to individuals. Our automobiles are shared by the entire organization. One of them has gone 43,000 miles, and in the last 6 months it has averaged 5 days per month out of service for repairs.

Mr. CANNON. That is a good advertisement for that particular make of car.

Dr. BUSH. I have to ride in that car, but I do not think you have ever done so. I would not endorse that make of car very heavily, judging from my experience with it.

Mr. CANNON. The second item is for paying employees for the use of their own cars, and that is a measure of sconomy.

What about the first item on page 57?

Dr. BUSH. This is required by law as a deposit on penalty mail

matter.

Mr. CANNON. I believe there is nothing else.

Dr. BUSH. No; there is nothing else.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I would like to ask about language changes. I note there are, two or three items that I am curious about. On