Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. For the Bureau of Graphics, you are asking 16 people at $62,212. That is an average of almost $4,000 apiece. What is the explanation of that?

Mr. HERRICK. Well, we have a Chief of that Bureau at $8,000; an Assistant Chief at $6,500; three $5,600 people; four at $4,600; and the rest at lesser grades.

Mr. HULTEN. The average salary is $3,650.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Sixteen people at $62,212 averages just under $4,000.

Mr. HULTEN. There is probably a small amount for temporary employees in there.

NEWS AND FOREIGN NEWS BUREAU

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. For your News Bureau you ask 47 people at $153,000-plus, and for your Foreign News Bureau, 16 people, at $68,160. That is an average of $4,250 in the Foreign News Bureau What is the explanation of that?

Mr. HERRICK. In the Foreign News Bureau we have a bureau chief at $8,000; an assistant bureau chief at $6,500. Then, because we operate on a 24-hour-a-day, seven-day-a-week basis, we have had to have four $5,600 chiefs of the news desk.

I might say that the Foreign News Bureau is one of the bureaus that will be rather sharply cut.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. What does that bureau do? I am not clear. Mr. HERRICK. The Bureau receives from various official sources, the chief of which is the Federal Communications Commission, through their monitoring service, monitored news, principally from enemy and enemy-occupied countries. They receive on an average of about 285,000 words a day.

Using a straight news technique, they pick out stories which they think are newsworthy and send to a group of newspapers, all the major radio networks, and all the press associations a file of news which the newspapers and radio stations would not ordinarily get otherwise; because, as I say, it is derived from large-scale monitoring of enemy and enemy-controlled radio, and other foreign broadcasts. Mr. DALTON. That file, I might say, is carried over a teletype circuit to those clients who want it, at their expense; they pay for the ticker wire charge. It is a wire service which they want, and have requested of us. It does not duplicate, because the larger foreign news services, the A. P., the U. P., and the I. N. S., often cannot get what is going on in these countries themselves.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. That is what I was going to ask--what can they get that the established news services cannot get?

Mr. HERRICK. Up to the present time nearly all of the news, practically 95 percent of all the news of Japanese origin that you see in the press, has been sent out on the wires of the Foreign News Bureau. It is true that the United Press has a small monitoring station on the west coast, but all they are able to pick up is short wave in English. We are able, through the F. C. C., to pick up Japanese domestic broadcasts in Japanese and other Asiatic languages, as well as English-language transmissions.

I have here some recent copies of newspapers. Here, printed in the New York Herald Tribune is the story "Hitler Death Annnouncement," which was sent out over the German radio, and here is "Admiral Doenitz' Order of the Day." These stories came via our Foreign News Bureau.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Would not the Associated Press and the other news services get that story?

Mr. HERRICK. No, sir; they did not get that in text form. The Associated Press, for example, sent out on its wires the texts it received from the Foreign News Bureau.

Mr. DAVIS. They get some of those things, but the coverage here given is far wider than if it were obtained by any of the private monitoring services, such as that which the A. P. conducts in London, the U. P. in London, New York, and on the west coast, and the Columbia Broadcasting System in New York. You get an enormously greater volume made available from the Federal monitoring service; also you have the great advantage that you are able to check what the enemy is saying to us in English by short wave radio with what he is telling his own people at home on the same subject, which very often is a materially different story.

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There is no question but that this service leads to a very much larger flow of news than there could possibly be without it.

Mr. HERRICK. I might say also that several of the communiques you read in the daily paper come solely from the. Foreign News Bureau-from spots that are hard to monitor, like Yugoslavia, China, Czechoslovakia, and Moscow.

Mr. DALTON. There is no other monitoring service, U. P. or the others, that monitors foreign-language news on such an extensive scale.

Mr. HERRICK. At the present time the Bureau has 27 employees. Now that the shooting war in Europe has stopped and the news correspondents are expected to have free access to hitherto closed countries, we hope to eliminate the Bureau's European file and confine our file to Pacific news, thus enabling a reduction in personnel of 11 positions.

Mr. DAVIS. But we have to keep a first-class crew of men, because this is a job that had better not be done at all than to be done wrong. It depends on the news judgment of the man in charge of the Bureau at each hour of the day or night.

BOOK AND MAGAZINE BUREAU

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. For your Book and Magazine Bureau, you are asking 10 people at $38,000. That is a $3,800 average. What is the explanation there?

Mr. HERRICK. There is a chief at $8,000; an assistant chief a: $6,500; one magazine specialist at $4,600; another at $3,800; and the New York representative of the Bureau is a $5,600 employee.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. What does that Bureau do?

Mr. HERRICK. The Book and Magazine Bureau serves on the one hand the various Government agencies and, on the other, the 572 magazines which are published in this country. Naturally, magazines share with newspapers the privileges of a free press. There is no way you can get a program-related story into magzzines other than by two appeals one, to the patriotic cooperation of the editor; and, two, to show him that a certain topic is going to be of interest at the time the magazine is published. As you know, the magazines. particularly in this day of manpower shortage and paper shortage and all the other difficulties, have to be made up a good many weeks. in some cases months, before their date of publication. It is very helpful to the magazines to have somebody within the Government. as the Book and Magazine Bureau is, who knows what is coming up and what will be of topical interest to the magazines on their dates of publication.

Mr. DALTON. I might mention in passing that during this past year we brought down some of the top magazine editors and writers of the country who met with General Marshall, Admiral King, and General Arnold, who gave them off the record a complete background for their guidance, and a great deal of good came from that. They really gave them the story of the war, objectives, status, and all.

Mr. HERRICK. We do not claim the entire credit for it, but it 1943 the fact is there were 3,213 war-related articles in America: magazines; whereas, in 1944, the number had increased to 4,124.

Mr. DAVIS. And while unquestionably a great majority of those articles would have been published anyway, there are a great many. that would not have been published without the work which the Book and Magazine Bureau did, and the magazine editors would not have been made aware of many topics which Government departments could see coming up that would be of interest to their readers. Mr. HERRICK. As an example of interest particularly to Mr. Case, because he is the brother of the editor, here is an article by Chester Bowles entitled "When Can We Lift Price Controls"? The Book and Magazine Bureau, through the cooperation of Mr. Leland Case, was able to negotiate the publication of that article.

We

Mr. DALTON. I said a moment ago we brought down number of magazine editors and writers. I meant at their own expense. did not pay their expenses.

BUREAU OF SPECIAL SERVICES

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. What does the Bureau of Special Services include?

Mr. HERRICK. The Special Services Bureau is the Bureau which Mr. Davis mentioned the other day as having been in large part in existence long before O. W. I. was created. It started in August 1933. Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. You mean that was the old Mellett set-up? Mr. HERRICK. That is right. That was the Office of Government Reports, as it was then known.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. And the Office of Facts and Figures?

Mr. HERRICK. No; not the Office of Facts and Figures. There are two parts of this present Bureau which are pre-war-the Division of Press Intelligence, which is the Government clipping service, and the Division of Public Inquiries, which used to be the United States Information Service.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. What else is there in that Bureau?

Mr. HERRICK. There is a small research division, part of which was pre-war.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Is that the research you told us about a little while ago in your managerial set-up?

Mr. HERRICK. No, sir.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. What kind of research does it do?

Mr. HERRICK. They serve particularly program managers and the news writers in developing facts for both programs and news reports. It is entirely within O. W. I.; it is our own service organization. Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Do you service libraries in this country by this Bureau?

Mr. HERRICK. Yes, sir; on request.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. How many?

Mr. HERRICK. Ten so-called library packets, containing Government documents and similar official material, are sent out each year to approximately 3,000 libraries, in accordance with their request. Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Do you service schools and colleges?

Miss BLACKBURN. Not with that material; not with the library ype material. We do answer questions and send Government pamphlets, information material, that they ask for. It is always on request.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. How many schools and colleges are you servicing?

Miss BLACKBURN. I would not have that figure. That fluctuates all the time.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Put an average figure in the record, please, as to each.

Miss BLACKBURN. Yes.

Mr. HERRICK. I might say the Division of Public Inquiries handles approximately 30,000 information requests a month.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Do you service any lecturers?

Mr. HERRICK. Only on request a lecturer wanting specific information about the Government would write in and be given it. Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. How many lecturers do you service? Mr. HERRICK. We will have to supply that.

(The matter referred to is as follows:)

It is impossible to estimate the number of schools, colleges, or lecturers supplied data by the Special Services Bureau. The Public Inquiries Division of this Bureau receives and disposes of over 250,000 inquiries per year. These inquiries, requesting information and/or material, are received and disposed of by telephone, personal call, and by mail. In a large percentage of cases, the inquirer does not identify himself as a lecturer or as representing a public school or college, thus even a careful check of correspondence and telephone and personal inquiry records would not disclose the profession or connection of the inquirers.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Is there anything else on this particular set-up?

Mr. HERRICK. I think that is about all.

RADIO BUREAU

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. What does the Radio Bureau do?

Mr. HERRICK. The Radio Bureau acts under authority of Executive Order No. 9182, which states in part that the Director of O. W. I. shall

review, clear, and approve all proposed radio and motion-picture programs spon sored by Federal Departments and agencies; and serve as the central point of clearnace and contact for the radio broadcasting and motion picture industries, respectively, in their relationships with Federal Departments and agencies cocerning such Government programs.

The Bureau performs a twofold service. For the Government agency which seeks to enlist public support of a wartime activity it secures the use of radio time to reach a given audience; secondly, it keeps the industry informed as to the relative importance in any given period of the many demands made for the contribution of free time on behalf of Government programs. In other words, it is the channel through which Government war messages get on the air in very, very large numbers.

Mr. DALTON. And in various forms. Some are just spot announce ments; others take up the whole show, as, for instance, Fibber McGee and Molly, depending entirely on their sponsors.

Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. You arrange the time for all these Government campaigns?

Mr. HERRICK. Through our major operating plans we arrange with programs and radio stations, who have agreed to aid us, to carry Government messages on regularly scheduled basis, but the exact time within any given program and the exact form in which that mes