overall selections and to note the absence of what has become commonly known as grassroot people on this Council.

In ancient Athens the council of the senior citizens-the Senatealways headed the will of the ordinary citizens. Our Founding Fathers when establishing our Government built into the Constitution a set of checks and balances to insure against any injustice. We are most fortunate to live in an era of such great social evolution. The theme of the age seems to be the dignity of the individual.

This extends itself to all mankind regardless of race, creed or social status. In the capital of the free world, we would hope that the dignity of all mankind will be upheld. We, therefore, strongly urge that the Senate act not as a rubberstamp for the nominations submitted, but act as the great deliberative body that it is. We ask you to question why the many poor people of the District have no representation on the proposed Council.

History has recorded the names of many great men who sat in the Senate chamber and dedicated their talents to the protection of all mankind. We feel that in 1967, the Senate again has such men whose names will be recorded in the pages of history for future generations. We, therefore, humbly present our case to you this morning. Let the Council represent all the people of the District.

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you very much, Mrs. Webster. That is a very fine statement. I have no questions.

Are there questions?

Senator PROUTY. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mrs. Webster, while I am sympathetic to the theme of your statement, I think, as Senator Dominick has pointed out, we have to consider the names submitted to the Senate by the President. We can reject some or all of them for good and sufficient reasons. But certainly your statement does not suggest that any one of the nominees should not be included as members of the Council. If for any reason any are rejected, then the President can submit other names, but we are powerless to do anything in that respect at the present time as I am sure you are aware.

Mrs. WEBSTER. I would agree with the previous speaker who preceded me. I think the greatest reason on earth is that there is not one member on the Council conversant with the problems that exist in what the newspapers fondly call the ghetto. One has to live, one has to work, one has to communicate, one has to understand in order to meet these problems. There have been agencies throughout the history of the District of Columbia who have been organized for this purpose, but yet it was necessary to establish 10 Neighborhood Development Centers to actually work within these communities to develop leadership, to identify, to help create an atmosphere of change. This is happening. I submit it should happen on the first Council, if there were only one representative, to give confidence and recognition to the efforts of these people who have spent, not for pay but in many instances, in most instances through volunteer services to meet this need, because it is only through rehabilitating these areas that we will meet the current problems that have presented themselves through what we must face as a total social revolution.

Senator PROUTY. I think you have presented your views as a very able member.

Mrs. WEBSTER. Thank you.

The CHAIRMAN. Any further questions?

Thank you very much, Mrs. Webster.

Our next witness is Mr. George Frain, administrative secretary, of the 18th and Columbia Road Business Association. Mr. Frain, I might say I have read your statement. It is extremely long, and I would hope that possibly you could read the first paragraph of it and then we could file the rest of it. You seem to point out a lot of the problems that we have, and there are plenty of them here. I would hope in the interests of time that you would just say what you think about the nominees, which is the reason for us being here today. I am sure they recognize if they are confirmed and assume their duties they are going to have many problems, and the Senators on this legislative committee know you have many problems, but I want to pinpoint the testimony as much as I can today to your viewpoint or your comments as to the nominees.

Do you mind doing that?

Mr. FRAIN. I understand, Mr. Chairman.

STATEMENT OF GEORGE FRAIN, ADMINISTRATIVE SECRETARY OF THE EIGHTEENTH AND COLUMBIA ROAD BUSINESS ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D.C.

Mr. FRAIN. I do not at all mind, Mr. Chairman.

As a matter of fact, I was told by the committee staff that I could file my statement, and I intend to do that, and that I could make a summary statement, and I hope that I can do that, too.

I am George Frain. I am administrative secretary of the 18th and Columbia Road Business Association. I am personally acquainted with the Reverend Walter E. Fauntroy, with J. C. Turner, and Mrs. Robert Shackleton. They are excellent, sound choices, as is John W. Hechinger as Chairman. We urge their prompt confirmation by this committee.

There is an old Irish saying which sums up our view of the nominees. It goes as follows:

May the road rise to meet you.

May the wind be always at your back.
May the sun shine warm upon your face.
And the rains fall soft upon your fields.

And may the Lord hold you in the hollow of His hand.

Our feeling is, as we watch the legislative process from our vantage point in Northwest Washington, that this Council, like the former Commissioners, are going to need all the good help of the Lord to come to grips not only with the problems that the Congress and the White House sometimes hand it in not giving them the support in the particular problems, and support is essential.

Our Adams-Morgan area is infamous for its problems of poverty, lack of jobs, housing, and transportation, which the present Commissioners have not solved. It is famous for its two topless go-go nudie saloons and the psychedelic dance hall, the Ambassador Theater, which the District government was able to give us even though we did not want them, and told them so in no uncertain terms.

The Adams-Morgan and Cardozo areas are the high crime 10th and 13th police precincts and crime in our area is rising.

We need help now before we have a disaster.

We believe that Mayor Washington and the Council can and will help us. Incidentally this summer William Raspberry of the Washington Post carried a column in the Post of July 26 saying that we were able to avert a holocaust such as hit Detroit and Newark and the Watts area also by split seconds. We are that close to the problem, and I feel, I mean the businessmen of our area need help to provide the jobs, the housing, and the transportation, and to prevent our area from being destroyed like other cities.

Last night I attended an integrated meeting at the home of Mrs. Geneva K. Valentine, a leading Negro citizen of our area and one of the most distinguished Negro citizens of our area. We came together with a number of groups, the Midway Civic Association, I am speaking for this meeting last night. She was elected president and I was elected secretary. Midway Civic Association, the Property Owners and Protective and Improvement Association, the Independent Property Owners, the Independent Citizens of Adams-Morgan, the Hyattsville Institute, the Kalorama Block Council, the Kalorama Restoration Site, the Lanier Place Group, and the 18th and Columbia Road Business Association.

Other groups are invited in join, and we offer our help to this new Council and to Mayor Washington in trying to get the jobs and the transportation and the housing that are so vital.

We are disturbed that there is so much talk, talk, talk about the problems in our area, and the failure of the District and Federal Governments to do anything about it.

We adopted a program last night that is simple, specific, and direct. It will work where the promises have failed and where the AdamsMorgan urban renewal project failed because it would have forced families and businesses out of our area.

Our Negro citizens say urban renewal is Negro removal, and it is. The CHAIRMAN. Again, Mr. Frain, I realize you have many problems in your 18th and Columbia Road area.

Mr. FRAIN. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. And again I would hope that you could just file your statement in full in the record.

Mr. FRAIN. I will file it. I would like to make just one point-I mean these points. We would like to have President Johnson direct the GSA to call a halt at once to his present program of locating all of its buildings in such lily-white areas as south of Constitution Avenue, west of Connecticut Avenue, and in lily-white suburbia. Some of these buildings should and must be located in the inner city ghettos if we are to get the jobs of President Johnson and the insurance industry and Senator Kennedy and Senator Tydings and others have called for, and Senator Percy. We would like to ask President Johnson to launch a major campaign to carry out the promises listed on page 172 of the comprehensive plan for 1985 waich calls for 20,000 jobs, about 5,000 of them Federal and 14th Street and Park Road and 5,000 jobs at 18th Street and Columbia Road, and it also calls for a unified highdensity combination of office buildings and shopping and service establishments and high-density residential development, an important element in all cases.

Third, call on the Senate District Committee, this is the program adopted last night, to retain the Columbia Heights subway line. This subway line was recently amended

The CHAIRMAN. Now again, Mr. Frain, I am perfectly happy but I do not want you to use this forum as the forum for the various things that you would like to bring before the District of Columbia Committee, that have no relation to these nominees. You say you are for these nominees, you support them, and you think they are fine men. Now, I suggest that we simply get this statement and whoever the nominees are when finally confirmed, that you furnish it to them and then we will be meeting on other days in the District of Columbia Committee and we will go into these various problems.

Mr. FRAIN. Of course, the problem, Mr. Chairman, is that unless the Senate District Committee for instance, on the subway, in the Columbia Heights subway, if you on Tuesday when you are going to hold hearings decide that the Columbia Heights subway is going to be deleted, and it throws our whole

The CHAIRMAN. That may be true, but if I am having a hearing on the transit problem and the subway, it looks to me like you ought to appear on Tuesday and not on Friday where we are considering the qualifications of the nominees. I am not trying to cut you off, but we do have to move forward. We have to hear the nine nominees yet, Mr. Frain. So why don't you just put the balance of your statement in the record if you don't mind.

Mr. FRAIN. Thank you very much.

(The prepared statement of Mr. Frain follows:)

SUMMARY AND ORAL STATEMENT OF THE EIGHTEENTH AND COLUMBIA ROAD BUSINESS ASSOCIATION

I am George Frain, I am Administrative Secretary of the 18th and Columbia Road Business Association. I am personally acquainted with Rev. Walter E. Fauntroy, J. C. Turner, and Mrs. Robert Shackleton. They are excellent, sound choices, as is John W. Hechinger as Chairman. We support the entire Board. There is an old Irish saying which sums up our view of the nominees: "May the road rise to meet you. May the wind be always at your back. May the sun shine warm upon your face and the rains fall soft upon your fields. And may the Lord hold you in the hollow of his hand.'

The Congress and the White House can make the new Council a success or a failure by its support, or by withholding support. What will the White House and the Congress do if the Council comes out for historic preservation of the Willard Hotel, Jackson Hill, and the Rhodes Tavern; & opposes the destruction of the National Theater, and the National Press Building, as wasteful & costly? Jackson Hill, associated with 3 Presidents, is being destroyed by the Fed. Govt. What will happen if the Council votes to provide jobs in ghetto areas like the Cardozo and Adams-Morgan? Remember, President Johnson, the insurance industry, Senator Kennedy, and Senator Tydings have called for jobs in inner city areas. What happens if the new Council votes to tell the General Services Administration to locate new Federal buildings in the inner city ghettos instead of in the SW area, which is already stuffed full, Rosslyn or the white suburban areas? Suppose the Council called for tax incentives and other steps to help business and jobs locate in Cardozo-Adams-Morgan, where they are needed most? Of 32 new industrial parks planned, only 2 are in the District (Bd. of Trade News). What will happen if the Council demands the 20,000 jobs at 14th Street and Park Road, and the 5,000 jobs at 18th and Columbia Road and the "unified, high-density combination of office buildings, with high-density residential and service establishments, with high-density residential development an important element in all cases" promised in the 1985 Plan? Are these just to remain promises without action by the Congress and the White House?

Or just suppose the new Council votes to keep the Columbia Heights Subway line to serve the inner city ghetto areas? Will this Committee ignore the Council in this event? The House deleted this line quickly, before the new Council could be heard. The factors which cause the deletion of the Columbia Heights line will

militate against a line in the Shaw area. The subway, as amended by the House, is a class line to serve white suburbia, 2 hours a day.

Jobs, transportation, and Housing are vital in the inner city, to prevent the looting, burning and destruction which has destroyed other U.S. cities. Will the Congress and the Senate District Committee help the new Council provide jobs the subway, and housing in the inner city? If so, the Council will be a success, and our city will avoid the disasters which have hit other cities from coast-to-coast. City crime can be eliminated by jobs, transportation and housing faster than by any other means. The District and the new council needs-not promises-but help in these vital areas now, and fast.

COMPLETE STATEMENT AS SUBMITTED BY THE EIGHTEENTH AND COLUMBIA ROAD BUSINESS ASSOCIATION

I am George Frain, and I am Administrative Secretary of the 18th and Columbia Road Business Association. I will be very brief.

I am personally acquainted with three of President Johnson's nominees to the new D.C. Council, Rev. Walter E. Fauntroy whom I aided in his fight against the heartless excesses of the SW Urban Renewal Project; J. C. Turner of the AFLCIO; and Mrs. Robert Shackleton. I consider them excellent choices and I have no hesitancy in recommending them to our members. I have no reason to doubt the other nominees are equally dedicated and similarly motivated. John W. Hechinger, from all I have learned about him, will make an outstanding chairman. There is an old saying of the Irish, which sums up our feeling toward the new council members: "May the road rise to meet you. May the wind be always at your back. May the sun shine warm upon your face and the rains fall soft upon your fields. And may the Lord hold you in the hollow of his hand."

The question in our minds is whether the new Council will have the backing of the Congress and the White House in the crucial decisions, this is the key question. Or will the Congress seek to make the decisions and the new Council be forced to carry them out against its will? It is clear the Congress and the White House can make the new Council a success or a failure, can make it or break it. Here are some examples of what we have in mind:

1. Suppose the new Council takes a poll of District residents and finds them 9 to 1 against a highway, a bridge. Suppose the residents of the city are 9 to 1 for relocating the Kennedy Center and against buying or delaying the Watergate Project, and want the Kennedy Center located in midtown where the poor can reach it and tickets won't be $10 per person or as high as the Lincoln Center in New York City, what will the Congress and the White House do? Would they support the Council, or tell it to mind its own business?

2. Suppose the new Council decides that the Congress established urban renewal to provide decent, safe, and sanitary dwellings for slumdwellers, and that this purpose is more important than profitable downtown commercial renewal, city beautiful schemes and the F Street Plaza. Suppose the residents expressed themselves against tearing down historic structures such as the Willard Hotel, and the Rhodes Tavern where the British dined before setting fire to the White House and the Treasury in 1814. Suppose they thought the razing of the Washington Hotel, the National Theater, and the National Press Building was wasteful. For that matter, suppose District residents demanded that historic Jackson Hill, in the Zoo associated with Presidents Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, and John Quincy Adams should be restored and opened to the public and visitors from all over the world and turned thumbs down on the current zoo plan to build an animal hospital on it-what would Congress do? Especially with an election coming up, and the cost of the Vietnam fighting, and all of these things being done with tax funds.

3. Suppose the new Council wants to provide jobs in ghetto areas as promised by President Johnson, the insurance industry, and as urged by the NCPC and many members of the Senate, including Senator Tydings and Senator Kennedy? What happens if the new Council votes to tell the GSA to locate new Federal buildings in the inner city ghettos instead of in the SW area, or in Rosslyn, or the almost entirely white suburban areas? What would happen if the Council flatly opposed the International Center at Washington circle because it would displace jobs and families?

4. Suppose the new Council votes to carry out the promises of the NCPC in the 1985 Plan to provide 20,000 jobs-5,000 of them Federal-at 14th Street and