crease supplemental_ 63,156 1,820 69,083 42 1965 1966 66,962 69,980 3,645 5,826 -5,826 -6.681 The Weather Bureau measures, records, reports, forecasts, and distributes information on weather conditions and river stages for the benefit of U.S. commerce, industry, agriculture, and the general public. 1. Weather measurements and forecasts.-Measurements of weather conditions at the earth's surface and aloft are made at thousands of locations throughout the United States, its territories, and over international waters, and in foreign lands in cooperation with other countries. These data are disseminated widely for use by the general public, industry, agriculture, commerce, and aviation; they are stored and analyzed to become the record of the "climate" of the United States; and they serve as the input data necessary to all forecasts of weather, river, and Bulletins and summaries prepared... Direct radio broadcast originations... 218,635 218,500 1 Much of these data correlate rather closely with weather conditions occurring during the period in question. Thus, the number of hurricane warnings issued is largely a result of the number of hurricanes which occur and the amount of time during which they threaten the U.S. mainland and territories. The 1966 estimate provides for the operation and maintenance of new instrumental equipment and improvements in the basic, public, and specialized weather services. 2. River and flood forecasts and warnings.-The Weather Bureau maintains a watch on river conditions throughout the Nation, furnishing flood warnings and public forecasts of river height and flow on the country's principal rivers and their tributaries. SELECTED WORKLOAD DATA 1964 Forecasts and warnings (separate issuances). 129,123 130,000 140,000 Briefings (personal and telephone).. 112,088 113,000 117,000 The increase for 1966 will permit continuation of a going program at a level capable of adequate response to the increasing demand for these services. 3. Climatology. The climatological service seeks to determine and record the various types of climate, to explain the causes of these climates, their variation, trends, geographical locations, and the effect climate has on the economy of the Nation, and to communicate this intelligence in such a manner as to insure the fullest realization of its potential benefits. The increase for 1966 provides for systematization of records recall, security and processing, and summarization of marine weather. 4. Executive direction and administration.-This activity provides executive direction and administrative support to the Salaries and expenses, Research and development, Special foreign currency, Establishment of meteorological facilities, and Meteorological satellite operations appropriations. The increase in 1966 is required to support increased workload resulting from expanded program and added responsibilities. 69.980 5,381 Average number of all employees.. 5,271 Average GS grade.. 8.6 Average GS salary. $8,010 5,142 8.8 $8,491 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT The Weather Bureau conducts research and development to improve our understanding of the atmosphere; to provide new and improved methods of exploring and observing the atmosphere; to increase the scope and accuracy of weather forecasts; to develop a capability of exercising some measure of control over the atmosphere; to improve hydrologic forecasts; to provide new and improved techniques for analysis and presentation of climatic $8,525 information; and, in general, to remove those limitations on the provision of meteorological services which are the result of a lack of fundamental knowledge about the atmosphere. 5,167 8.8 For expenses necessary for the conduct of research by the Weather Bureau, including development and service testing of equipment; operation and maintenance of aircraft; and for acquisition, establishment, and relocation of research facilities and related equipment; [$10,400,000] $13,510,000, to remain available until June 30, [1967] 1968: Provided, That appropriations heretofore granted under this head shall be merged with this appropriation. (15 U.S.C. 313; 72 Stat. 783; Department of Commerce Appropriation Act, 1965.) 1965 1966 estimate estimate 1. Meteorological-(a) Atmospheric processes, forecasting, and observing techniques.-Basic and applied research and development is conducted on the physical and dynamical phenomena that contribute to weather and climate, on all scales of atmospheric motions, on short- and longrange weather forecasting methods, and on measurement, forecasting, and communication systems for meteorology. (b) Hurricane, tornado, and other severe storms.-Research on these destructive and hazardous storms is conducted to understand their physical nature; to determine how they form and move; to improve our ability to detect and predict them; and to develop a capability of controlling them. (c) Satellite.-Research is conducted for the purpose of improving the meteorological satellite as an observing device; of using satellite data to increase our understanding of atmospheric phenomena; of developing methods for using satellite data to improve weather forecasts; and the development of techniques and equipment for the collection and relay of weather data from remote land and ocean stations by means of balloons and satellites. The increases in 1966 include meteorological systems design and development; studies of interactions between the sea and the air; a program of experimental meteor13,420 ology; and augmentation of the weather radar laboratory. 2. Hydrologic.-Research is concerned with improving techniques for forecasting streamflow and river heights, and with the use of weather radar for precipitation measurements to facilitate issuance of flash flood warnings. The increase for 1966 will augment the hydrologic research and development program. 6,052 7,318 06-60-1411-0-1-506 2,180 (c) Satellite.. 2,515 2.547 2. Hydrologic 3. Climatic.. 565 475 Expenditures. 1 Selected resources as of June 30 are as follows: Unpaid undelivered or 1963, $0; 1964, $14 thousand; 1965, $147 thousand; 1966, $234 thousand. The special foreign currency program will use forei currencies which are excess to the normal requirements the United States, in order to supplement present Bure research and development and to encourage grea cooperation in international meteorology and alli sciences. The surplus currencies requested in 1966 will used for (1) development of improved networks measuring weather conditions in the upper air; (2) velopment of meteorological instruments; (3) research requirements for obtaining additional and improv meteorological information in sparse data areas; a (4) analysis of climatological and hydrologic data fro representative regions of the world. Object Classification (in thousands of dollars) RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM) For payments in foreign currencies which the Treasury Department determines to be excess to the normal requirements of the United States, for necessary expenses of the Weather Bureau, as authorized by law, $500,000, to remain available until expended: Provided, That this appropriation shall be available in addition to other appropriations to the Bureau for payments in the foregoing currencies. (7 U.S.C. 1701, 1704; U.S.Č. 313; 72 Stat. 783; Department of Commerce Appropriation Act, 1965.) Program and Financing (in thousands of dollars) ESTABLISHMENT OF METEOROLOGICAL FACILITIES For an additional amount for the acquisition, establishment, a relocation of operational facilities and related equipment, includ the alteration and modernization of existing facilities, and for acquisition of land; [$725,000] $3,000,000, to remain availa until June 30, [1967] 1968: Provided, That the appropriati heretofore granted under this head shall be merged with this app priation. (15 U.S.C. 311, 313, 313a, 317, 325, 328; 72 Stat. 7 Department of Commerce Appropriation Act, 1965.) Program and Financing (in thousands of dollars) Identification code 06-60-1410-0-1-506 forecasting and observing techniques.. 16 229 351 3. Surface observational facilities. 2. Hydrologic.. 4. Communications and data processing 5. Construction of facilities. 120 6. Engineering and technical support.... 10 Total obligations......- 89 511 650 Change in selected resources 1. Total program costs, funded.. 10 Financing: Total obligations... – 3,979 21 Unobligated balance available, start of 150 year... 21 Unobligated balance available, start of year. 24 Unobligated balance available, end of year. New obligational authority (appropriation). Program and Financing (in thousands of dollars)-Continued Object Classification (in thousands of dollars)-Continued 12 1 Selected resources as of June 30 are as follows: Unpaid undelivered orders, 1963, $2,487 thousand; 1964. $2.758 thousand; 1965, $3,396 thousand; 1966, $3.904 thousand. The accuracy of weather measurements, forecasts, and warnings is being improved by the procurement and installation of new instrumental equipment and by the modernization of existing facilities. Funds requested for 1966 are to carry forward the modernization program that was started in 1956. The cost of operating and maintaining equipment installed under this appropriation is covered by the appropriation for "Salaries and expenses, Weather Bureau." 1. Upper-air observational facilities.-Consists of ground installations to track, continuously, radio transmitters carried to altitudes of 100 000 feet by sounding balloons. It also includes miniaturized equipment for use on shipboard to obtain measurements of high altitude weather conditions over the oceans. 2. Weather surveillance radar.-Provides a continuous picture of changing weather conditions up to 200 miles from the stations to facilitate the preparation of forecasts and increase the advance-warning time. 3. Surface observational facilities.-Consists of instruments that measure, record, and transmit cloud height, visibility, temperature, humidity, wind direction and velocity, precipitation, and river stage data for use in weather and hydrologic forecasting and in controlling air traffic. 4. Communications and data processing equipment.Consists of storage and retransmission equipment for use on circuits so that weather analyses, including satellite cloud data, may be relayed to Weather Bureau offices. ADP equipment is also used to compile weather data for optimum use in forecasting, and in processing and archiving these data for climatological use. 5. Construction of facilities.-Covers construction of office and housing units at places where these facilities are not available from any other source and construction of office space at airports where rent-free space is no longer available. 6. Engineering and technical support.-Provides staff for planning, site surveys, actual installation, and initial calibration of equipment. Object Classification (in thousands of dollars) Average number of all employees. METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE OPERATIONS For expenses necessary to establish and operate a system for the continuous observation of worldwide meteorological conditions from space satellites, and for the reporting and processing of the data obtained for use in weather forecasting [$10,000,000] $30,100,000, to remain available until expended: Provided, That this appropriation shall be available for payment to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for procurement, in accordance with the authority available to that Administration, of such equipment or facilities as may be necessary to establish and operate the aforesaid system. (15 U.S.C. 311–313, 325–328; 72 Stat. 783; Department of Commerce Appropriation Act, 1965.) Program and Financing (in thousands of dollars) Identification code 06-60-1412-0-1-506 10 Operating costs, funded: 2. Command and data acquisition... 3. Data processing, analysis and archiv ing. 4. Technical management.. Total obligations..... 28,420 1,680 Relation of obligations to expenditures: Permanent positions.......... 597 11.5 Other personnel compensation. 9 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-Continued Object Classification (in thousands of dollars)-Continued WEATHER BUREAU-Continued General and special funds-Continued METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE OPERATIONS-Continued The Weather Bureau is responsible for the establishment and operation of a National Operational Meteorological Satellite System (NOMSS) to observe continuously worldwide weather conditions and to process, analyze and archive the data obtained for use in weather services and research. NOMSS is administered by the National Weather Satellite Center (NWSC) at Suitland, Md. Appropriations through 1965 have financed the establishment of the basic ground facilities and procurement of the initial spacecraft and launch vehicles to permit implementation of NOMSS in mid-1966 utilizing the TIROS Operational Satellite (TOS). The 1966 estimate provides for the manpower and material resources required to achieve operational effectiveness, to maintain observational continuity, and to improve the efficiency of the satellite system. 1. Spacecraft and launching. This activity covers the procurement and launching of operational meteorological satellites. Flight units to inaugurate the operational system were funded in prior years. Three additional units are required in 1966 to maintain system continuity. 2. Command and data acquisition.-This activity covers the establishment and operation of ground facilities for command of the spacecraft, acquisition of observational data, and transmission of data to the NWSC. Command and Data Acquisition (CDA) stations have been established at Fairbanks, Alaska, and Wallops Island, Va. The 1966 estimate provides for around-the-clock operation of these facilities. Efforts to remote CDA operations and centralize meteorological functions to increase efficiency while reducing manpower will be completed during 1966. A saving of 32 positions at CDA stations is reflected in the estimates. 3. Data processing, analysis, and archiving.-ADP facilities are used to convert satellite observational data into forms suitable for immediate operational use in weather forecasting and service programs, and subsequent use for research and climatological purposes. The 1966 estimate provides for the implementation of 24-hour operation of central CDA analysis and processing functions; systems engineering and development efforts leading toward improvement of NOMSS; the increased automation of data handling systems; and, continuation of the Washington-Moscow communications link. 39 45 99.0 Total obligations............. 1965 1866 estimate estimate Administration.... National Science Foundation.. 39 Other agencies... 4. Technical management.-Technical management and support for NOMSS is provided by the National Weather Satellite Center, and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under reimbursable agreements. Object Classification (in thousands of dollars) 2. Meteorological studies and statistics: Atomic Energy Commission.. Department of Agriculture. |