water-mark had been in use for more than 150 the path "-pardon, "He limits his peregrinations years, or the fly-leaves of the 1657 volume of 'Law Reports' had been inserted afterwards, when the book was rebound or repaired. My Bible was printed in 1540; but that is no reason why the binding should be of that date, as it certainly was not. The description given of the water-mark is not quite correct. The lion appears to be defending, and not striking at the hat. The paper is foolscap, one folio containing the device mentioned, the other folio containing the Roman numerals IV. May it not be an allegorical representation of England suitable for the times? England the home and defender of liberty. And the small enclosure surrounded by palings may mean : This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, The fortress built by nature for herself, This precious stone set in the silver The seated figure, of course, I take to be Britannia. Boston, Lincolnshire. SUNSET (8th S. iv. 521; v. 71).-Viewed in the following light there is really nothing strange in this expression. In "The sun sets" the verb is surely reflective, and when so it is not uncommon for the pronoun to be omitted, yet understood, though not often emphatic. "Samuel laid down to sleep" (1 Sam. iii. 3); "The day breaks," i. e., probably, breaks forth, opens itself to sight, and not opens the dark curtain; "The chapter ends with these words"; "The fog is lifting"; "The gates open at five o'clock" and "The church closes at eight," two phrases that will stand some ill knocks "He keeps to the house, to his bed, to to the indurated demarcation." Ere we find fault with Byron's grammar in "There let him lay," we must ask whether he meant lie of his own will and choice or otherwise. Lay is, no doubt, often wrongly used for lie, and vice versâ; but is it not so, that "Tho' ye have lien among the pots" and "Tho' ye have laid among the pots" have distinctions of meaning, and might be good or bad grammar? The use of the reflective verb instead of the neuter often adds beauty and softness to English which is commonly and rightly rather blunt and hard, as bespeaking boldness and truth, yet with goodness beneath. This was once the mark of the Englishman also. Kind reader, let it be asked by the way whether there is not a sad and marked change going on here both in him and in his speech. The expression "I will both lay me down in peace and sleep, for Thou, Lord, makest me dwell in safety," is much softer than "I will lie down." The reflective is also sometimes more pointed, and tells the end of the deed; so in sunset the underthought is perhaps rather of setting himself to rest than of sitting. In regard to a "hen sitting," if set, and not sit, lower as well as the upper folk, it is most likely was the word used commonly years ago by the better than sit, which, indeed, might simply mean not standing. Many good, soft, pointed words and wordgroups have been lost altogether or changed for the worse, because the Saxon English of the common folk was not understood or was disliked for no sound reason. Truth and clearness should ever go before the mere whim of fashion, and it is a pity that so many of these losses and changes are still taking place from the above cause, and of late also from driving rules of grammar so stiffly as entirely to override the idiom of the language, often strongly marked by ellipsis-by turning aside from a common rule or otherwise forshapening the phrase when needed to shorten, sharpen, or soften it, the meaning, nevertheless, being clear. AD LIBRAM. PLAN FOR ARRANGING MS. NOTES (8th S. iv. 528; v. 53).-Take an old dictionary with good wide margins, and you can arrange all your notes alphabetically in it. This is a capital plan, and one I pursue myself. G. A. BROWNE. SHAKSPEARE V. LAMBERT (8th S. v. 127).— William Shakspere's privity to the Asbies estate during the lifetime of his father and mother is supported not only by the averment to that effect in John Shakspere's declaration upon the assumpsit for 201. in 1589, but by what appears to be a fair presumption that John Shakspere conveyed his real property to his son William by some method of gift inter vivos. We find John Shakspere's real property vested in his son without the usual evidences of testamentary disposition or administration. I have long been of the opinion that the transfer took place as soon as William reached his majority (1585), if, indeed, it had not been effected by the creation of a secret trust while his minority continued. In those troubled times family estates were frequently conveyed from father or mother to the eldest son or other children by secret deed, or by the creation of a trust or use. As an illustration of the simple methods of such family transfers, Callard v. Callard, 1 Croke, 344, is in point: : "A father being seized in fee in consideration of his son's marriage says upon the land: Eustace, stand forth! I do hereby, reserving an estate for my own and my wife's life, give thee these my lands and Barton to thee and to thy heirs!' Held good foefment, but reversed on writ of error to Exchequer. Gawy would not create a use by parol, but Popham and Fenner and Clench would." "ANTIGROPELOS" (8th S. v. 249).-Perhaps the following quotations for the use of this word, given in 'A Supplementary English Glossary,' by the Rev. T. Lewis O. Davies, may be of interest to DR. PHILPOTS : "The edge of a great fox cover......some forty red This was in Q. B. Michaelmas Term, 36 & 37 Eliot, Daniel Deronda,' ch. vii. It will be seen by this that parol enfeofment had not gone out of use in England, and until this judgment such grants were held valid, for the Exchequer Bench divided on the question. William Shakspere may then have acquired supposed privity to Asbies by parol, confirmed after 1594 by conveyance of New Place. I am quite of one mind with MR. PHELPS that there was "a nigger in the woodpile" somewhere in this Asbies deal. It has seemed to me that an examination of the records affecting the family of Underhill might throw some light upon that interesting event. Wm. Underhill is said to have had very extensive dealings with his neighbours in property affairs. I have derived a little satisfaction from the history of the acquisition of New Place. The consideration in William Shakspere's purchase of that property was exactly the sum which, it seems, was agreed upon as the value of Asbies, 60l. Shakspere's title to New Place was not perfected until October, 1602, when Hercules, son and heir of Wm. Underhill, suffered a fine to be made for that purpose. Wm. Underhill, who was probably the same person known as the Lord of Idly cote, near Barton-on-the-Heath, conveyed New Place to Wm. Shakspere, May 4, 1597. The bill of discovery filed by John Shakspere, Nov. 24, 1597, reached an issue upon replication, and seems to have been settled out of court in 1599 or soon thereafter. The fairest presumption is that Lambert paid the 201. Shakspere's suit at law, in which he alleged a tender at due time and place of the 40%., and Lambert's agreement to forgive the debt and pay 20%. additional for a perfect title, may have been abated by the Statute of Limitations; at any rate it naturally merged into the more effectual proceeding in equity. It must be apparent to the law-learned student that upon the face of the record the Shaksperes had a good case as to 71, Brecknock Road. They were introduced by F. Warne & Co., outfitters, of 9, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, and were first made for the late Prince Consort. D. R. DOSSETOR. For the use and abuse of antigropelos, see Burnand's 'Happy Thoughts,' reprinted from Punch (Bradbury & Agnew), pp. 264 et seq. L. M. M. "GAY DECEIVER" (8th S. v. 88, 157, 254).The epithet unfortunate was applied rather cruelly to Miss Joanna Baillie after her play of 'De Montfort' had been condemned. John Kemble and Mrs. Siddons appeared in it; but all would not do. It was not adapted to the stage. Years after, Edmund Kean appeared in it again, being ambitious of succeeding where John Kemble had failed. But again the piece failed. DR. FORSHAW corrects me, very properly, for saying the song was more than a century old; but he will generously forgive a slip of memory in one who was born when William Pitt was Prime Minister. J. CARRICK MOORE. CHESTERFIELD: MONMOUTH: WINCHELSEA (8th S. v. 248).-Catharine, daughter of Thomas, Lord Wotton, by his wife Mary, daughter and coheir of Sir Anthony Throckmorton, married Henry, Lord Stanhope, son of Philip, Earl of Chesterfield. He died in 1634, before his father, so that she was only "Lady Stanhope" when Vandyck painted her in 1636. But after the Restoration Charles II. created her Countess of Chesterfield for life, in consequence of her great services to his father. She was governess to the Princess of Orange, daughter of King Charles I., and when with her in Holland sent over money, arms, and ammunition to the king. Lady Stanhope married, secondly, John Poliander Kirkhoven, Lord of Hemfleet, in Hol The land, who was created a baron of this realm by Verge of this County, adjoyning to Sussex, &o. the title of Lord Wotton of Wotton. She married, land whereupon the house was built was given by one thirdly, Col. Daniel O'Neill, Groom of the Bed-Sir Robert de Turnham, &c. Ela de Sackvile, who, chamber to King Charles II., and died in 1667. the honour of the blessed Virgine Mary." having finished her religious fabricke, did dedicate it to Vandyck was in love with her and is said to have Also states in the margin:-"Begham Priory. aspired to her hand, notwithstanding which, when Ela de Sackvile and Robert de Turnham founders." he found her affections were then engaged with See also Collins's 'Peerage,' 1812, vol. ii. p. 92. Carey Raleigh, he was ungallant enough to dispute with her about the price of her portrait. When King Charles withdrew secretly from Whitehall, he directed Col. Whalley to send several pictures to different persons, and among them "My Lady Stanhope's picture to Carey Raleigh." JOHN RADCLIFFE. The priory of Bayham was originally founded at Stoneacre, in the parish of Otham, near Maidstone, in Kent, by Ralf de Dene; but the canons had not been long settled there before they began to make Horace Walpole says that his father, Lord Or- very heavy complaints of the unhealthiness of the ford, bought this portrait, with many others, from situation, which, whether justly founded or not, so the late Duke of Wharton, giving 100l. for whole-wrought on the compassionate disposition of Ella lengths and 50%. for half-lengths. They were taken to Houghton; “but,” says Walpole, " not suiting the places, were sold for a trifle," after his father's death, "including Lady Chesterfield in white." CONSTANCE RUSSELL. Swallowfield, Reading. some BAYHAM ABBEY (8th S. v. 108, 131).-Bayham or Begeham Abbey, otherwise called Benlin, was built and endowed by Ela de Sackville, daughter of Ralph de Dene, and wife of Jordan de Sackville. The land upon which it was erected was given by Robert de Turnham, who also endowed it. From the following information it would only be just and right to say the abbey was founded by Ela de Sackville and Robert de Turnham. 'A Discoverie of Errors,' by Augustine Vincent, 1622, p. 680, says: "Jordan de Sacvil, his elder brother, living in the tine of K. Stephen and Henrie (1135-1189), &c. He married Ela, daughter and coheyre of Rafe de Den, L. of the the Mannor of Buckhurst, &c., which Ela de Sacvill in her widowhood founded the Abbey of Begham in Kent," &c. de Sackville, of Buckhurst, the daughter and co- "MethErinx” (8th S. v. 107, 198, 235).—Mr. J. W. BONE's contention that poldavy owes the origin of its name to Pouldavid, in Brittany, may possibly be right. It is, however, as well to record the fact that the name of this coarse canvas for making coal-sacks is now generally written poldCHAS. JAS. FERET. way. 49, Edith Road, West Kensington, 'MILITARY REMINISCENCES' (8th S. iv. 527; v. 158, 196).—In the London Monthly Review for 1830, vol. iii. p. 486, a notice is found of this book. The National Library at Washington, U.S.A., has the second edition, 2 vols., with the following collation: vol. i. xii, 354 pp., 1 L., 6 maps and plans, 13 pl.; vol. ii., viii, 347 pp., 6 plans, 7 pl., 8vo., London, Smith, Elder & Co., 1830. A notice of the author is given in Allibone's 'Dictionary of English Literature.' P. LEE PHILLIPS. "TIB'S EVE":"LATTER LAMMAS" (8th S. iv. 507; v. 58, 132, 193).-Dr. Brewer, in 'Phrase and Fable,' tells us that St. Tib is a corruption of St. Ubes. Chambers, in his 'Book of Days,' gives, under March 6, a seventh century "St. Tibba," from whom, I presume, St. Tibb's Row, Cambridge, takes its name. Who was this saint? CHAS. JAS. FERET. referred to by W. Patten, in his 'Diary of the ARMIGIL (8th S. v. 167).-Armigil Wade is Expedition into Scotland,' 1548: "Though I plainly told ye not that my friend's name was Armigil Wade; yet we that know the man his good literature, his wit and dexterity in all his doings, and mark the well couching of his clue, might have a great guess, of whose spinning the thread were."- An English Garner,' vol. iii. p. 61, 1880. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Dictionary of National Biography. Edited by Sidney Lee. Vol. XXXVIII. (Smith, Elder & Co.) BEGINNING with Milman and ending with Sir Thomas More, the latest volume of the Dictionary of National Biography' includes many lives of primary interest and importance Few of these can, indeed, call for higher treatment than More himself, the most serious contribution of the editor. Both picturesque and animated is the description of More's rapid rise to fortune, and the contrast between the cheerfulness, leaning to badinage, of his conversation and the firmness and rigidity of his convictions 18 admirably shown. His artistic tastes and his place in the history of art Mr. Lee ascribes to his delight in the new learning. Unlike the latest editor of the Utopia,' Mr. Lee finds in that work no proof that More was a serious champion of the socialistic system, though he may be regarded as its expounder. According to More's latest biographer, the Utopia' was "mainly an exercise of the imagination-a playful satire on the world as it was." Mr. Lee's contributions include also Thomas Moffett or Muffet, a sixteenth century author and physician, and Sir Giles Mompesson. Mr. Leslie Stephen deals with Hannah More, in whose writings he detects, in addition to "considerable intellectual vitality," "hih moral and religious purpose" and "strong sense." His most important contribution is the life of Milton, who is credited, even while at Cambridge, with the possession of a proud and austere temper, as well as an aversion from scholasticism. Milton's early poems, it is held, would entitle him to a front rank in our literature, and Mr. Stephen finds in them "a charm of sweetness which is absent from the sublimer and sterner works of his later years." Very interesting are the writer's views as to Milton's marriage relations. The theory as to the source of difficulty with the first wife sanctioned by Mark Pattison finds something approaching to support. Milton's indignation took, at any rate, the form, usual with him, of seeing "in his particular case the illustration of a general principle to be enunciated in the most unqualified terms.' Mr. Stephen's life of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu is to some extent a vindication of her character. The most important contribution of Mr. C. H. Firth is the life of George Monck, first Duke of Albemarle. This covers, of course, a portion of Mr. Firth's special period. In the loyalty of the great general (and admiral) to Richard Cromwell Mr. Firth is a firm believer. The description of Monck's progress from Scotland to England, his dispersal of Lambert's army, and his arrival in London is very vivid. A good account of his naval operations against the Dutch is also given. Dr. Garnett deals with some of the English poets, H. Milman, James Mont gomery, and Thomas Moore. The last, Dr. Garnett holds, is still the “national lyrist of Ireland." What is said concerning Moore's position as a poet is sound and acceptable, and there is some interesting information concerning the Life of Byron.' Mist, of Mist's Journal, is ably treated by Mr. G. A. Aitken. The picturesque and important career of Simon Montfort is in the admirably competent hands of Miss Kate Norgate, who deals also with other members of the family. Well written G. F. Russell Barker, two of the most trustworthy of Mr. biographies are sent by Mr. W. P. Courtney and Mr. Lee's team. Among those entrusted to the former are Arthur Moore, economist and politician, John Moore, Bishop of Ely, and John Mitford; Mis Mitford being capitally treated by Miss Lee. Mr. Barker's list includes many statesmen, among whom Charles Montagu stands prominent. Basil Montagu is taken by Mr. J. M. Rigg. Prof J. K. Laughton is seen at his best, for the vlume includes many seamen of renown. Dr. Norman Moore is also seen to advantage. Mr. Thomas Bayne looks after Joseph Mitchell and other Scotch poets. Moncrieff, the dramatist, falls to Mr. G. C Boase. Mr. Bailey Saunders writes judiciously on Monckton Milnes, the first Lord Houghton. Mr. Lionel Cust, Mr. Thompson Cooper, the Rev. W. Hunt, Mr. R. E. Graves, Dr. Greenhill, Mr. Charles Welch, and Mr. Warwick Wroth take part in an admirable volume. 46 The Diary of Samuel Pepys. Edited, with Additions, by Henry B. Wheatley, F.S.A. Vol. IV. (Bell & Sons) How so much squeamishness could have been exhibited in respect of giving to the world the complete edition of Pepys's Diary is now difficult to understand. It shows a species of defect in the national character. A French editor would not have thought of supplying an abridged or a castrated Tallemant des Réaux.' Yet Peys is, historically, more important than Tallemant, and, psychologically, immeasurably more interesting. The parts of the Diary' at first suppressed are those to which one soonest turns, and which one reads with most amusement. For, be it known, the character of Pepys himself is far more valuable than are his historical revelations and his sketches of contemporary characters. His confessions as to the influence, mysterious and irresistible, exercised upon him by beauty, which, though injurious, has strange power," as snys a contemporary of Pepys, his treatment of his "oaths," his delinquencies, his penitences, his jealousies, his cowardice, shape together an individuality perhaps the most easily recognizable ever put before the world. Hamlet is not more introspective, Figaro more experienced and ruse. Among the many faults of Pepys, want of genuine gallantry is the worst. We pity him sometimes in his disputes with his wife, for the sweet wrath of Amaryllis sometimes provokes response even from the most patient of spouses. We blush for him, however, in serious earnest when we find him descending to blacken his wife's eyes, or, still more vile and abject, to tweak her nose, and that so hard as to make her weep. Penitence for an action such as this avails not, and Pepys must remain under our censure. Mr. Wheatley is now half through his task. We await the appearance of successive volumes with anxiety. There may be men better, more interesting, valuable, and edifying thau Pepys, but such works as his are not numerous. In his latest volume further contribution is nade to theatrical matters, and owners of Genest may annotate their volumes. The Painswick Annual Register for 1893. (Gloucester, Bellows.) THIS is a most useful pamphlet. We wish there was something of the kind issued for all the larger and more important parishes throughout the land. In the case of very small places half a dozen might be grouped together. It is not very easy to make any one who has not examined the work understand its nature. In the first place we have the parochial statistics, such as ares, rateable value, population, pauperism, and schools; then follows a list of parish officials of various kinds; after this follow what are called "Local Memoranda." These must be very Japan. By David Murray, Ph.D., LL.D. (Fisher MR. UNWIN gets on so rapidly with his "Story of the · Church Association, whose object is to make the teaching WITH the April number of this interesting periodical the THE sale of the second and concluding portion of the library of the late Rev. W. E. Buckley, M.A., will begin on Monday next and occupy twelve days. There are 4,358 lots, many of them of highest interest to collectors. Fotices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. We cannot undertake to answer queries privately. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate." H. E. BALL.-Your query, repeated, was answered p. 220. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries'"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. MR. GILDERSOME - DICKINSON, of Eden Bridge, UNDERTAKES GENEALOGICAL and ANTIQUARIAN DUGDALE'S ANTIQUITIES of WARWICK The Heart and Songs of the Spanish Sierras. By George Whit White. (Fisher Unwin.) THESE rough jottings of a donkey-ride through some of the by-ways of Spain are printed apparently without revision, and have no pretension to literary style. Mr. White gives us his spontaneous impressions of the places and people he visited, but his journal is as slight and uneventful, if not quite so amusing, as that of Horace's trip to Brundusium, of which more than once it reminds us. The redeeming features of the book are the curious folk-songs of the peasantry, of which the author managed to carry away the music as well as words. These abound in pretty thoughts like the following, which affords an interesting parallel to a passage in The HISTORY of the HONOURABLE Romeo and Juliet,' II. ii. 14 :— Dos estrellas se han perdido Y en el cielo no parecan, En tu casa se han metido Y en tu cara resplandean, SHIRE,' Illustrated, 1765 Folio Edition, carefully copied from 1656 Edition, with all Copper-plate Cuts, Maps, &c., complete. Perfect condition. Price 71. 10s.-GEORGE KIRK, Accountant, Leamington Spa. BY COLONEL RAIKES. ARTILLERY COMPANY of LONDON. Including also a Brief History of the American Branch of the Regiment founded at Boston in 1638. By Colonel G. A. RAIKES, 3rd Battalion York and Lancaster Regiment, late Instructor of Musketry, H.A C., &c. 2 vols. with Portraits, Coloured Illustrations, and Maps, demy 8vo. 31s. 6d. each. EDITED BY COLONEL RAIKES. East Syrian Daily Offices, Edited by A. J. Maclean, The ANCIENT 66 VELLUM BOOK" M.A. (Rivington, Percival & Co.) THIS work, a translation of the daily offices of the of the HONOURABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. Being the Roll |