baptiser ses enfants avec toutes les cérémonies, immé-quarters of an inch by one and one-eighth inch, diatement après leur naissance. Il y eut autrefois du and only one copy seems to be known. doute pour savoir si les adultes, qui avoient été baptisés au lit pendant une maladie, et que l'on appeloit les cliniques, avoient reçu toute la grâce du Sacrement; Saint Cyprien soutint l'affirmative."-Bergier,' Dict. de Théologie,' Paris, 1863, s. v. “Ondoyer.” ED. MARSHALL.

land has gradually changed from udal to feudal. "The ancient days," says old Magnus Troil, in the 'Pirate,'

"the ancient days and genuine manners of these islands are no more, for our ancient possessors-our Patersons, our Feas, our Schlagbrenners, our Thorbiorns, have given place to Giffords, Scotts, Mouats, men whose names bespeak them or their ancestora strangers to the

Boil."

In another place he remarked "how probable it was that in another century scare a merk, scarce even an ure of land, would be in the possession of the Norse inhabitants, the true udallers of Zetland." J. A. LOVAT-FRASER.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &o.

A Standard Dictionary of the English Language. By
Isaac K. Funk, D.D., and others. Vol. I. (New York,
Funk & Wagnalls Co.)

AMONG its many claims upon attention, the present may be regarded as a dictionary-making age. The undertakings at present being conducted by means of concerted effort would strike with amazement the great dictionary makers of past times, immortal as these are-the Dolets, Ducanges, and other philological giants. During the past twelve months we have seen the appearance of the second volume of the great Oxford dictionary, which is to be, when finished, the supreme philological accomThis is the same as allodial, and therefore quite plishment of the age, and have witnessed the completion distinct from feudal, tenure. This system of land- bequest of the New World to the Old. The new of the Century Dictionary,' the great philological holding, like its name (Dan. odal), is Scandina-Standard Dictionary,' of which Vol. I., A-L, now apvian, having been brought by the Northmen into Orkney and Shetland, where it still exists to a considerable extent under the name of udal right, the only example of allodial tenure to be met with in Great Britain. The udal lands of the two groups of islands named above are held by natural possession, provable by witnesses, without any title in writing. Further information may be found in any good Scotch law dictionary.

F. ADAMS.

PORTRAITS OF EDWARD I. (8th S. v. 48).-An impression taken from the Great Seal of Edward I. shows a round-faced, fat-cheeked, clean-shaven plebeian, which does not agree with the description of the king's personal appearance, as given by Hemingford, quoted by Miss Strickland in her life of Eleanora of Castile' ('Queens of England,' vol. ii. pp. 151-2). In the same volume, under 'Margaret of France,' the following occurs :

64

pears, deserves a conspicuous place even in days 80 energetic and enterprising as the present. It "supplies," to fall into a phrase now out of date and in evil odour, and thorough in all respects, fulfilling the requirements a want," that, namely, of a dictionary comprehensive of the scientific man and the scholar, in a shape that will not overburden the modest shelf accommodation of the average reader who is not also a collector, and at a price that is not prohibitive to the general public. To bear full tribute to the value of a dictionary of any sort it is necessary to have it by one for a time and turn to it on every emergency. This we hope to be able to do, is promised for the coming summer, we may be able to so that at the appearance of the second volume, which pronounce an opinion upon its merits. At present we deal only with the scheme of the book, its appearance, and its special features. In size the book is a little smaller than a volume of the New English Dictionary.' Apart from preliminary matter, it contains 1,060 pages of three columns each page. In its handsome morocco binding, and with its artistic decorations, it constitutes an eminently beautiful as well as a fairly portable possession. Its compilation has occupied four years of the "The original MS. of the queen's chronicler, John o' time of two hundred and forty-seven editors, five hundred London, is a great curiosity. It is written in Latin on readers, and many hundreds of other workers, the cost of vellum, very finely and legibly penned, and oramented production, when the whole is completed, being estimated with initial letters, illuminated with gold and colours; to reach a million dollars. That the work, which claims the centres of the most of these are unfinished, and the to represent the latest conclusions of scholarship, is manuscript itself is a fragment. Bound, competent, and trustworthy will be proved to The description of Edward's person is accompanied by an odd representa-lish scholars, philologists, and lexicographers. Among our readers by the testimony to its merits borne by Engtion of his face in the midst of an initial letter. The those who raise their voices in its favour are Professors features bear the same cast as the portraits of the king; Sayce and Dowden, of Oxford and Dublin respectively. there is the small haughty mouth, the severe penetrating Prof. Skeat and Dr. Murray bear also their indisputable eyes, and the long straight nose; the king is meant to be shown in glory, but the head is surrounded with three testimony to its value. Both praise the phonetic element tiers of most suspicious-looking flames. However, such in the spelling, and Dr. Murray speaks in highest terms as it is, it doubtless satisfied the royal widow, to whom of Prof. Marsh's editorship of this department. Dr. Murray approves, in the case of a popular dictionary, the work was dedicated."-Pp. 199, 200. the system adopted, where a word has many meanings, of putting the meanings in the order of their currency or popularity, and declares, from a study of the specimen pages supplied him, that they appear to be as well done as is practicable" within the necessarily small compass of a single-volume dictionary." In explanation of this it may be said that the work is to be issued in one volume as well as in two. This high praise is echoed from most of the American universities, and the statement that the work will serve all purposes of a general dictionary, and puts to shame all previous books on anything approximate to the same lines, finds utterance from numbers of those best entitled to speak. A feature of great importance is that of the hyphening of words,

Miss Strickland does not mention where this MS. is deposited. Over the chief entrance to Carnarvon Castle, which was begun by Edward I., is a statue of the founder, with his hand upon a half-drawn sword, whilst his shield lies at his feet, to indicate the termination of the war with Wales. The statue is mutilated, but I think the head has suffered less from ill-usage than other parts of the figure. A photograph would show this, and could be obtained from the place direct.

H. G. GRIFFINHOOFE.

introduction of modern instances and analogies the
reader is enabled to realize and share in this stirring
period of Athenian life as if it were passing around him.
We can recommend Mr. Grant's compendium as both
readable and accurate. It is beautifully printed and
nicely illustrated.

Proverbi Inglesi: Studio Comparativo. Per Paolo Bel-
SIGNOR BELLEZZA has compiled an interesting monograph
lezza. (Milano, Cogliati.)
on our national proverbs, which he compares and con-
His acquaintance with English literature seems laudably
trasts with those of his own and other modern languages.
wide for a foreigner, and he makes extensive use of our
own columns. His critical faculty is sometimes at fault;

the decision whether a word should be written tow-path or towpath. In the case of pronunciation of words the scientific alphabet prepared by the American Philological Association has been used with happiest effect. Illustrations are given, and add materially to the clearness and vivacity of the explanation. In some cases, as in those of birds, they are coloured after life. Every latest arrangement for facilitating reference is adopted, and one who masters a very simple method will find the process of seeking a word marvellously quickened. Nothing is more interesting than the explanation in the introduction of the reasons that lead to the inclusion or rejection of a word. In the case of obsolete words the rule, not always easy of application, is observed that the words likely to be sought in a dictionary are given, and not others. Within anything approaching to the limitse. g., in reproducing the now discredited theory that the fixed it is impossible to give a tithe of the words for which a man may possibly seek. Take, for instance, the word flaskysable, which has been lately debated in 'N. & Q. More than thirty years ago that word arrested our attention in Lydgate, but no dictionary included it. Even now it does not appear, nor will it find a place until the Oxford dictionary reaches the letter F, with which, indeed, it is at present occupied. It would be impossible to insert in a work such as that before us this word, which no Book-Song. Edited by Gleeson White. (Stock.) writer other than Lydgate apparently employs, and across A DELIGHTFUL little volume is this edited for Mr. which the reader might well have never come. In other Wheatley's "Book Lover's Library." It consists of cases, such as scientific phraseology, the principles poems on books by modern authors, and is rich in conadopted commend themselves to common sense. Un-tributions by Messrs. Swinburne, Austin Dobson, Stevenson, Le Gallienne, &c. Some excellent poems from American sources are also supplied.

familiar words from trades and occupations, such as Victor Hugo loved to acquire, are given, and constitute very much of a novelty. There is, indeed, little to challenge dissent or even discussion, and the praise liberally bestowed upon the work is well merited. It is very greatly in advance of any dictionary of its class in either England or America, and is gladly recommended to all who need a dictionary. It is a work of great value and authority, and does infinite credit to all concerned in its production. It is issued by subscription, and possesses, among other recommendations, that of comparative cheapness.

A Book of the Heavenly Birthdays. By E. V. B. (Stock.) ONLY in England could a book such as this, dealing wholly with death, hope for a large circulation. The author of Ros Rosarum,' to whom it is due, took down at first her quotations with the view of compiling a birthday-book. As it grew the scheme changed, and the whole now consists of a well-selected series of poems or verses on the subject of loss coupled with the hopes of future meeting. How much ground has been covered in the researches undertaken becomes evident when it is said that the very first quotation is from Thomas D'Urfey, whose name is seldom present in anthologies. Sidney, Chaucer, Drummond of Hawthornden, and other poets, to Tennyson and Rossetti, are laid under contribution. It is to be regretted that the name which in the address to the reader and in the index appears as Mackail is in the body of the book printed W. M. W. Call.

Greece in the Age of Pericles. By A. J. Grant. (Murray.) IN writing this manual for the "University Extension Series" Mr. Grant has given some variety to a well-worn theme by bringing into prominence the social aspects of the period, especially in their bearing on the condition of women and slaves. Here Dr. Mahaffy's books have stood him in good stead; but he has gone to the original authorities for the history of the time he deals with. He gives us one chapter on "The Religion of the Greeks," another on The Essentials of Greek Civilization," another on "Society in Greece, and Thought and Art in Athens." All these are very well done; and by the

Thames, which so few succeed in firing, was originally the stuff called tamis or tammy. He is even so indiscreet as to parallel this with the French, "Il ne mettra pas la Seine en feu," explaining seine in the sense of fishing-net, and this in the face of the Latin saw (quoted The foreign printer yields his customary crop of misby himself), "Tiberim accendere nequaquam potest." prints in the English words.

-A NEW work, entitled 'Medieval Music: an Historical Sketch, with Musical Illustrations,' by R. C. Hope, F.S.A., will be published immediately by Mr. Elliot Stock.

MR. E. A. VICKERS, 28, Manor Row, Bradford, seeks a copy of the song on Abraham Newland. Some one will RIGAUD. See 6th S. viii. 329, 374; ix. 156. doubtless oblige him, as they previously obliged GENERAL

Notices to Correspondents.

We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

We cannot undertake to answer queries privately.

To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate."

A. MILLHOUSE ("Charles II, and the Oak ").-We have the authority of Charles II. that he took refuge in the Boscobel Oak, concerning which see N. & Q.,' 6th S. viii, 165, 317, 351.

JONATHAN BOUCHIER.-George Sand was born July 1, 1804. She died at Nohant, June 7, 1876.

A. W. CORNELIUS HALLEN.-The initials are W. G. N. ERRATUM.-P, 116, col. 2, 1. 24, for "Bacon" read Wotton.

NOTICE.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries ""-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.

We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception.

ALL THE YEAR ROUND,

Conducted by CHARLES DICKENS.

The MONTHLY PART for FEBRUARY contains

The OPENING CHAPTERS of a NEW SERIAL STORY, entitled

Author of Joan Vellacot,' 'A Woman of Forty,' 'Kestell of Greystone,' &c.

THE FOLLOWING PAPERS:

NOTABLE NEW YEAR'S DAYS.

A RIDE to LITTLE TIBET.

The IRON HORSE in the HOLY LAND: ON CANNOCK CHASE.

Railway to Damascus.

LONDON: 12, ST. BRIDE-STREET, LUDGATE-CIRCUS, E.C.

Sold at all Railway Bookstalls, Booksellers', and Newsvendors'.

L'INTERMÉDIAIRE

CHERCHEURS ET CURIEUX;

OR,

FRENCH NOTES AND QUERIES.
Founded in 1864.

LUCIEN FAUCOU, 13, Rue Cujas, Paris.

Printed by JOHN C. FRANCIS, Athenæum Press, Bream's-buildings. Chancery-lane, E.C.; and Published by the said
JOHN C. FRANCIS, at Bream's-buildings, Chancery-iane, E.C.-Saturday, February 17, 1894.