effective utilization options for industry and government employer groups. The study was conducted by Dr. Harold Sheppard of the American Institutes for Research. Among other themes being developed in the study is a total review of retirement policies and how these can change over the coming years. We regard this as a positive complement to the legislation pending before the Subcommittee.

References

For positions of The American Association of Retired Persons/
National Retired Teachers Association, the National Association
of Retired Federal Employees, The National Council of Senior
Citizens, see: Hearings before the Select Committee on Aging,
House of Representatives, March 16-17, 1977, Comm. `Pub. 95-89.

For the National Council on the Aging, see: Public Policy Statement of the National Council on the Aging--1976-77, The Board of Directors, the National Council on the Aging, Washington, D.C., 1977.

Testimony of the National Chamber of Commerce and the AFL-CIO,
before the Subcommittee on Labor of the U.S. Senate Committee
on Human Resources, July 27, 1977.

cf. Aging in America: Myth and Reality, The National Council
on the Aging, Washington, D.C., 1974, p. 211.

"The Next Steps in Combatting Age Discrimination in Employment--
With Special Reference to Mandatory Retirement Policy." A Working
Paper Prepared by the Special Committee on Aging, United States
Senate, August, 1977.

Also, cf. "Mandatory Retirement: "The Social and Human Cost of
Enforced Idleness," The House Select Committee on Aging, Comm.
Pub. No. 95-91, August, 1977.

Report of the Secretary of Labor to Congress on Activities under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967. The U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, D.C., January, 1977.

Fox, Alan, Work Status and Income Changes, 1968-1972: Retirement
History Study Preview," Social Security Bulletin, December, 1976.
Haynes, S., McMichael, A., Tyroler, H., "Survival after Retirement,"
paper presented at the Second Epidemiology of Aging Conference,
Bethesda, Md., March, 1977:

Parnes, H., et al. The Pre-Retirement Years: Five Years in the
Lives of Middle Aged Men, The Center for Human Resource Research,
The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, Vol. IV, Chapter 4.

Hearings before the House Select Committee on Aging, March 16-17, 1977.

Ibid. Testimony of Harriet Miller, Executive Director of the
American Association of Retired Persons/National Retired Teachers
Association, March 16, 1977, pp. 1-26.

15

-

O'Meara, Roger, Retirement:

Reward or Rejection, The Industrial

Conference Board, New York, March, 1977.

Industrial

Schulz, J., "The Economics of Mandatory Retirement,"
Gerontology, Winter, 1974, pp. 1-13.

Testimony of Dr. Marc Rosenblum before the Subcommittee on Labor,
U.S. Senate Committee on Human Resources, July 26, 1977.

Fullerton, H., Flaim, p., "New Labor Force Projections to 1990,"
Special Labor Force Report 197, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau
of Labor Statistics (reprinted from the Monthly Labor Review,
December, 1976).

Butler, R.N., Why Survive: Being Old in America, Harper & Row,
New York. cf. Chapters 1, 3, and 4.

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security, Manpower
Administration, "Older Worker Adjustment to Labor Market Prac-
tices: An Analysis of Experiences in Seven Major Labor Markets,"
Washington, D. C., 1956.

Parnes, et. al. op. cit.

Note: The longitudinal study on preretired men is ongoing as part of the Department's analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of the U.S. labor force.

APPENDIX A

BACKGROUND RESEARCH

FINDINGS ON AGE, CAPACITY AND PRODUCTIVITY

REPORT TO THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON LABOR

UNITED STATES SENATE COMMITTEE ON HUMAN RESOURCES

Submitted at the Request of
Subcommittee Members

BY

THE EMPLOYMENT STANDARDS ADMINISTRATION

THE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Part 1

Appendix A

Productivity of Individuals Age 65 and Over

Eealth and Capacities Beyond Age 65

In 1971 the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association adopted a policy state declaring

**** compulsory retirement and artificial barriers
to employment based on age can be prime factors in
the deterioration of health ****

Subsequently, the American Medical Association filed Amicus Curiae briefs in several cases involving the issue of discrimination on the basis of age. Following are quotations from the AMA position submitted in such cases.

"It is the position of the American Medical Association that the Nation's social policy for the aging should insure that the older worker has the opportunity to continue in productive employment as long as he wishes and is able to maintain a satisfactory level of efficiency. Such opportunities will enable many more older people to look forward to more years of independence, dignity, and usefulness. The American .. Medical Association believes that the older worker who is able to continue working should have a choice about when, or even if he wishes to retire.

"Arbitrary retirement policies coupled with the denial
of work opportunity seriously threaten the health of
the individual concerned. Medicine sees in mandatory
retirement a direct threat to the health and life
expectancy of the persons affected.

"Chronological age has been observed to have no magic
in terms of judgment, ability, and physical dexterity.
Individuals may lose these qualities at age 40 or re-
tain them past age 80.

"Arbitrary segregation of individuals because of
artibrarily determined chronological age is not
healthy for the nation or the individual. The sud-
den cessation of productive work and earning power
of an individual, caused by compulsory retirement,
often leads to physical and emotional illness and
premature death." 1/