high cost of living in the U.S.S.R. in view of the meat prices that Mr. Khrushchev referred to a few days ago. One is on the high cost of meat prices. One on how not to advertise communism. One which compares a variety of subjects, "Cows, Cold Cuts, and Communism." Mr. MONAGAN. These are all directed to Russia, I take it? Mr. LOOMIS. These will not be done in the Russian language. They will be done in English. They will be done in the other Communist languages, Hungarian, Polish, and so forth.

Mr. MONAGAN. Are these directed to more than one country? Mr. LOOMIS. Yes. These are the commentaries on which the language versions will be based in the 38 languages we broadcast.

Mr. MONAGAN. Even though we are not immediately concerned with that area here, this type of program might well be broadcast to some of the Latin American countries.

Mr. LOOMIS. It certainly would be. It would be broadcast in Lao, Chinese, Hindi, the African languages, and so forth.

Mr. MONAGAN. Are some political commentaries directed at only one country?

Mr. LOOMIS. Yes; sometimes. We wish we could do more. It is a matter of men, money, and materials.

Mr. MONAGAN. It is less common to do it that way?

Mr. LOOMIS. It is less common mostly because of men and money involved. Many are aimed more at an area. In other words, we might have one to south Asia in which we would broadcast in Urdu and Bengali, or some especially appropriate for South America where we broadcast in Spanish and Portuguese.

Mr. MONAGAN. You don't have in mind any of the individual programs at the moment?

Mr. LOOMIS. They cover almost any subject you want to name. Mr. KLIEFORTH. For illustrative purposes, the general subject of the price rise in the Soviet Union, the figures on agricultural production in all of the Communist orbit, both the satellite orbit and the Red Chinese orbit, has been one that we have followed very consistently for many years, to show that it is the system that fails and not the productivity of the land or the quality of the farmers

concerned.

As the fortunes of the Soviet Union have waxed and waned in this particular respect, our Central Services Unit has turned out what you might call master commentaries. These are then adapted in the several languages in a targeted way, that is, that this material is then applied specifically to conditions which prevail in a given area or country.

In another way, we have the reverse. For example, we were able to get a good deal of information from the three Baltic countries as to the agricultural situation there. These three language services wrote commentaries on the agricultural situation in each of the three countries. The material was of such general value that it was then reused in other languages so that there is a dual process from the specific to the general, and from the general to the specific.

It is in this way that we treat with areas of overall interest, for example, the failure of communism economically or agriculturally, applying it as specifically as we can in terms that are intelligible to a given area.

To Latin America, we talk about it somewhat differently than we would to southeast Asia.

Mr. MONAGAN. You also spoke, Mr. Loomis, of presenting aspects of American life on Voice of America programs. Do you have any examples of programs of this type? What aspects of American life have you been talking about?

Mr. LOOMIS. We try to discuss over a period of time all significant aspects of America. This is a terribly difficult job because America is such a many-faceted diamond.

We again try to pick the subjects that are of particular interest to an area. Obviously our agriculture, our science, our political system in all its varieties, much on the problems of labor, labor compensation, unions, union-management relationships, social security, the whole problem-not the problem, but the fact that we do it, which is generally unknown and unbelieved overseas.

Of course, we spend a great deal of time on our science, to show that, first of all, we are one of the great scientific countries, and second, to refute the contention of the Communists that we have been surpassed in a variety of fields.

Religion-we do a great deal on religion and also the culture of the United States. We feel without a mention of its culture, it would be an unbalanced picture. The whole problem is to try to give a balanced projection of significant aspects. The trouble with this is that they are two judgment words.

Mr. MONAGAN. Do you have any policy with reference to the treatment of the material aspects of American life?

Mr. LOOMIS. I would say that the only policy on this would be to try to be as accurate as possible, and not to paint a misleading picture of America as being absolutely ideal and having solved all our problems.

Mr. MONAGAN. Perhaps you are answering it, but I am thinking of the criticism that some people have made of us in some of our contacts with Communist countries for overemphasizing the consumer goods and the material benefits of the country, while we have not sufficiently emphasized some of the intellectual or spiritual or cultural aspects of the United States.

Mr. LOOMIS. This again is a matter of balance and judgment. We don't believe we have made that mistake. We could understand where it could well be made. We know, for instance, that most travelers in the Communist countries almost unanimously report an insatiable demand for just these specifics from any Communist they talk to in a private way: How much do you earn? What kind of house do you have? Do you have a car? How much did you pay for this suit? All of those terribly personal and terribly important issues. We try to give them the specific answers to those kinds of questions, but also show that is not because that man is particularly smart, but it is because of the way the system works.

We try to start from a specific example of how many hours a day you work for a pair of shoes and show why we are able to keep reducing that figure.

Mr. MONAGAN. I take it that there is a definite interest in these countries in the material aspect of American life?

Mr. LOOMIS. I would say this is one of the most unanimous nndings of travelers to the Communist countries.

Mr. MONAGAN. Incidentally, Mr. Loomis, I think as long as you referred to the number of hours of broadcasts, that it might be helpful for us to have that information in our record, if you will be willing to supply it.

Mr. LOOMIS. All languages?

Mr. MONAGAN. I think all languages, because I would like to have in the record an indication of how the European effort compares with the American or the Latin American, if that is the way you divide them.

I don't think we need them this minute, but if you will leave them with Mr. Schupp, we will put them in the record.

(The documents above referred to are as follows:)