Becker, Hon. Frank J., Member of Congress from the State of New York.. Boland, Hon. Edward P., Member of Congress from the State of Massa- Dent, Hon. John H., Member of Congress from the State of Pennsylvania.. Dorn, Hon. William Jennings Bryan, Member of Congress from the State Dulski, Hon. T. J., Member of Congress from the State of New York... Dwyer, Hon. Florence P., Member of Congress from the State of New Free Albania Committee (statement on rift between Russia and Albania). Gallagher, Hon. Cornelius E., Member of Congress from the State of New Majer, Vaclav, member of the Executive Board, Committee for Free Czech- Multer, Hon. Abraham J., Member of Congress from the State of New Pell, Hon. Claiborne, U.S. Senator from Rhode Island... Philbin, Hon. Philip J., Member of Congress from the State of Massachu- Price, Hon. Melvin, Member of Congress from the State of Illinois. Rhodes, Hon. George M., Member of Congress from the State of Penn- Excerpts from report of special study mission to Poland (1961)----- Zenkl, Hon. Petr, former mayor of Prague, First Deputy Prime Minister and Member of Parliament of Czechoslovakia, now president, Executive Examples of Voice of American broadcasts... Letter from Frank H. Thomas, chief of CARE mission in Poland, giving United Nations draft covenant on civil and political rights concerning freedom of movement. 142-143 Article by Arthur J. Olsen, "Warsaw Sponsors Bicycle Race To Compete With Corpus Christi". 172-173 State Department position on what should be done about the propaganda activities of the Soviet-bloc countries in the United States_ 215-216 Studies by Aleksander Kutt on captive nations trade in 1960------ 278 TABLES SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD Voice of America broadcasting service-Weekly program schedule______ United States trade with Poland, 1947, 1959, 1960, and 1961__ Commodities licensed for export to Poland in the first quarter, 1962----- Summary of CARE operation in Poland__ Immigrants admitted from specified countries, and the number of such immigrants naturalized, July 1, 1945-December 31, 1961 ---- Voice of America broadcasts to Eastern Europe in the language of the area.. Page CAPTIVE EUROPEAN NATIONS WEDNESDAY, JUNE 6, 1962 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON EUROPE, Washington, D.C. The subcommittee met, pursuant to call, in room G-3, U.S. Capitol, at 2:50 p.m., Hon. John S. Monagan presiding. Mr. MONAGAN. I will call the hearing to order. I apologize for being late. We had a matter on the floor concerning the tax on railroads, which is of some interest to my State, and I wanted to be there for a few minutes. Mr. Loomis, we are very glad to have you with us. I assume you have a prepared statement, so we will be happy to have you start with that statement, if you would like to do that. STATEMENT OF HENRY LOOMIS, DIRECTOR, VOICE OF AMERICA (USIA); ACCOMPANIED BY ALEXANDER A. KLIEFORTH, PROGRAM MANAGER, VOICE OF AMERICA (USIA); AND STAN PLESENT, GENERAL COUNSEL, U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY Mr. LOOMIS. Very well, Mr. Chairman. The content and tone of VOA broadcasts are determined by a directive issued during the last administration and reconfirmed by the present administration. Mr. MONAGAN. Would you mind beginning by giving a brief biography? Mr. LOOMIS. I am Henry Loomis, Director of the International Broadcasting Service of USIA, which is commonly called the Voice of America. I have been Director of the Voice since 1958. I have been in the U.S. Information Agency since 1953, except for a short period when I served as staff director to Mr. Killian when he was assistant to the President for science and technology. I have been in government, in various capacities, since 1950. Mr. MONAGAN. Your present position, you stated? Mr. LOOMIS. Present position is Director, Voice of America. This directive, applicable to broadcasts to any part of the world, is particularly pertinent in our broadcasts to the captive nations of Eastern Europe, where independent sources of reliable information are not available to the peoples from their own domestic sources. Under this directive, the VOA has three principal missions. First, VOA must establish itself as a consistently reliable and authoritative source of news: VOA news must be accurate, objective, and comprehensive. Second, VOA must represent America, not any single segment of American society; it must therefore present a balanced and comprehensive projection of significant American thought and institutions. Third, as an official radio, VOA must present the policies of the United States clearly and effectively and must also present responsible discussion and opinion of these policies. President Kennedy, in his address at the 20th anniversary ceremonies of VOA, pointed out that: The Voice of America carries a heavy responsibility. Its burden of truth is not easy to bear. It must explain to a curious and suspicious world what we are. It must tell them of our basic beliefs. It must make our ideas alive and new and vital in the high competition which goes around the world since the end of World War II. VOA programs to the captive European nations contain about 50 percent news and 50 percent commentaries and features. The news broadcasts are devised to present a rounded world picture, with special attention to important developments in or regarding the target areas. By cross-reporting developments in one area to other areas, we seek, as President Kennedy said a free flow of information across national boundaries and oceans, across Iron Curtains, and stone walls. We have little room in our newscasts for news items of solely local interest, which would only divert the attention of our listeners from events of real importance or would give them a distorted picture of our evaluation of events. Our commentary and feature programs include highlights of important policy statements, speeches made by leaders of both U.S. parties, and other free world leaders, interpretations of these statements, explanations of our positions in delicate diplomatic negotiations, discussions of our aims and methods dealing with vital international, social, and economic problems. American and worldwide press comments give our listeners varied views and opinions on international issues, or on significant domestic developments in the United States and in other parts of the world. Whenever U.S. national interest and support of U.S. policies toward a target area so requires, VOA discusses internal developments of the area. Measured and objective analyses of these developments and careful tone of delivery are essential to show our listeners a sympathetic understanding of their problems while avoiding emotional discussions which would easily be misinterpreted. VOA broadcasts report on the important actions, undertakings, and statements of exiled leaders and refugee groups, on the basis of inherent news value. However, VOA does not encroach in this respect on the domain of Radio Free Europe. It is important that the fundamental distinction between VOA and RFE be maintained: VOA is the official voice of the United States, its people and its leaders, speaking to the target areas, while RFE is the voice of free East Europeans speaking to their captive homelands. A large portion of VOA's feature programs depict American life and institutions, American social, economic, and cultural trends. Economic and labor reviews, discussions of new books, plays, films, religious life in the United States, progress in science, interviews and roundtable discussions with Americans whose native land is the |