CRS- 70

fine arts, schools abroad, films, radio, télévision, books, and

sports.

The Goethe Institute, a non-profit organization with principal support from the Foreign Office, assumes responsibility for most cultural activities abroad. It operates a network of 115 cultural centers in 63 countries, and its programs include libraries, German language instruction, lectures, films, exhibits, and cultural

presentations.

CRS- 71

The Federal Press and Information Office is responsible for planning, funding and directing government information within the Federal Republic and abroad; it is directly under jurisdiction of the Chancellor's office and is headed by an appointee of the Chancellor. The division of the Press Office responsible for external political information activities receives less than ten percent of the total external information cultural budget. This division, however, operates a full range of information activities, including coordination with German missions in the field, contacts with foreign visitors, selection of German lecturers to go abroad, logistical support' for West German government ministers traveling abroad, and supervision of German publications distributed abroad. The Production Division of the Press Office prepares books, brochures, films, and periodicals for foreign distribution. In 1973 the FRG had 60 press attaches serving abroad, with an additional 40 who served in the dual capacity of press and cultural attache.

Two official, independent radio networks broadcast from Germany to foreign countries. The Deutsche Welle (DW), the larger of the two networks, broadcasts mainly to non-European countries on shortwave while the Deutschlandfunk (DLF) uses mediumwave transmissions to broadcast to European countries, with specific responsibility for broadcasts to the German Democratic Republic. Both stations are public corporations established by law; they receive financial support through the Ministry of the Interior but maintain independence

CRS-72.

from the government in matters of program arrangements and contents.

The radios together broadcast a total of 614 program hours per week

in 1973.

Numerous other organizations, some church-related, some tied

to the political parties, others independent, also contribute to the German information and cultural program. The Goethe Institute, one of the most important, falls into this category. Inter Nationes, an autonomous organization, is another example. It is a service organization for both the Press Office, which provides about 60 percent of its budget, and the Foreign Office, which is responsible :::: for the remaining 40 percent. Inter Nationes' functions, which are in many respects comparable to the British Central Office of Information, include coordination of foreigners' visits to the FRG, development of posters, graphics and other materials for German centers abroad, television and videotape presentation, operation of a news service which distributes press materials abroad, maintenance of direct contacts with foreign newspapers, and liaison with foreign correspondents in the FRG and West Berlin. In addition to these organizations, the Institute for Foreign Relations prepares most foreign exhibits and coordinates cultural, economic, and political interests in their preparation; four major organizations and several minor ones deal with academic and other exchange of persons programs; and each political party and major church maintains foundations or organizations active in cultural affairs abroad.

CRS-73

d. Japan

The Japanese information and cultural program is smaller than those of the United States and major West European states, but it has increased substantially in recent years. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the primary policy-making agency in the foreign information and cultural relations field, and the new Japan Foundation, established in 1972, is responsible for an expanding overseas cultural program. The 1973 information and cultural relations budget of $80,000,000 represents only slightly more than one-tenth of one percent of the

The Bureau of Public Information and Cultural Affairs within the

Ministry of Foreign Affairs is responsible for both domestic and foreign press programs; its overseas information activities include production and distribution of films and periodicals and administration of 24 information/cultural centers abroad. The Cultural Department of the Bureau handles exchange programs and cultural presentations, although many of these activities are expected to be assumed by the Japan Foundation. Information and/or cultural officers are assigned on a full or part-time basis to 147 Japanese missions overseas. The Economic Affairs Bureau of the Foreign Ministry publishes an economic newsletter to be distributed abroad and oversees the activities of the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO), a semi

private organization with 75 foreign offices whose principal function is export promotion.

CRS-74

The recently established Japan Foundation seeks to promote international understanding through greater cultural interchange. Capital subscriptions to the Foundation are sought from both government and private sources; in time the Foundation's operating budget is expected to be derived entirely from interest on this capital, which would free it from the annual appropriation process and provide greater flexibility of action. The Foundation still receives substantial annual government subsidies and the extent of government control under which it can and will operate has not yet been established. In 1973 the Foundation granted $1 million each to 10 U.S. universities and to universities in France, West Germany, and the United Kingdom for support of Japanese Studies programs. In the future, the Foundation expects to establish and support Japanese cultural centers abroad.

Radio Japan is the overseas broadcast outlet of the Japan Broadcasting Corportion, a public corporation responsible to the Ministry of Post and Telecommunication.

Overseas broadcasting has

not been a principal activity of the Japan Broadcasting Corporation or of the Japanese external information program; foreign radio programming in 1973 averaged 259 hours per week:

e. Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China

Differences in political and economic systems make it extremely difficult to make meaningful comparisons between the external