Mr. REIFEL. I don't know what personnel problem you would have as a result of cutting back the number of hours a week. That is something you should consider. The only point I make is that the Members of Congress demand these conveniences here and the American public is coming. We are saying this is the Nation's Capital and the people should be accommodated. We are even talking about adding on a restaurant out here where one can look down Pennsylvania Avenue. If that is done the costs will go even higher. Even so, this is the Nation's Capital and there should be certain concessions on the part of Congress to accommodate those who come. I know I want the restaurant open. If I go to the Rayburn Building I want that open. Mr. CoWAN. That is right. Mr. REIFEL. We are opening these additional places with no appreciable increase in business in order to accommodate the public and ourselves and I think we have to be prepared to pay for it and ask the Congress and the American public to pay for it when deficits occur because this is not the same as the usual commercial operation. I just want the record to show that I feel that Mr. Cowan has done everything possible to be frugal and carry on a serviceable operation for the Members, the staff, guests, and the public. We demand these services and you do everything you can to give them to us. Mr. ANDREWS. The gentleman has hit the nail on the head. I imagine one of your big problems is the instability of the business. Mr. COWAN. That is right. Mr. ANDREWs. Take on a Friday when the House is not in session. It is almost comparable to a Saturday. Mr. COWAN. That is right. Mr. ANDREWS. Yet you have to have the full complement of employees and be prepared for the biggest rush. Mr. CoWAN. That is right. Mr. ANDREWS. Thank you, gentlemen. MONDAY, MAY 9, 1966. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WITNESSES L. QUINCY MUMFORD, LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS JOHN G. LORENZ, DEPUTY LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS WILLIAM J. WELSH, ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR, PROCESSING DEPART- ROY P. BASLER, DIRECTOR, REFERENCE DEPARTMENT LEWIS C. COFFIN, LAW LIBRARIAN PAUL L. BERRY, ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR, ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT ABRAHAM L. KAMINSTEIN, REGISTER OF COPYRIGHTS LESTER S. JAYSON, DIRECTOR, LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE SERVICE ROBERT S. BRAY, CHIEF, DIVISION FOR THE BLIND WILLIAM W. ROSSITER, BUDGET OFFICER Mr. ANDREWS. The committee will come to order. We will take up this morning the Library of Congress. We are glad to have with us this morning the very able Librarian of Congress, Dr. Mumford, and his staff. Doctor, if you have a general statement we will be glad to hear from you. DEPUTY LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS Dr. MUMFORD. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee: First of all I would like to introduce the new Deputy Librarian of Congress, John Lorenz. He was appointed last fall as Deputy Librarian, and I am pleased to present him to you. He came to the Library of Congress with an excellent background in public and State library work and with broad experience in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare in the administration of nationwide library programs. Since this is his first appearance before this subcommittee, you may wish to have a brief biography for insertion in the record. Mr. ANDREWS. We will be glad to have it inserted at this point and we are glad to have you with us, Mr. Lorenz. Mr. LORENZ. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. BIOGRAPHY OF JOHN G. LORENZ, DEPUTY LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS Born in New York City on September 28, 1915, Mr. Lorenz received a B.S. degree in 1939 from the College of the City of New York, where he was a Library Fellow in 1939-40. In 1940 he received the B.S. degree in library science from Columbia University, and in 1952 he received the M.S. degree in public adminis tration from Michigan State University, where he devoted his master's thesis to "Organization and Administration of State Library Agencies." In 1940-44, Mr. Lorenz was a librarian in the Queens Borough and the Schenectady (N.Y.) Public Libraries. Then he was Chief of the Reference Division at the Grand Rapids (Mich.) Public Library for 2 years. From 1946 to 1956 he served as Assistant State Librarian at the Michigan State Library. As Assistant State Librarian, he supervised the General Library Division; the acquisition, cataloging, and processing of all library materials; and the business administration, personnel services, property management, and building-planning; and assisted in preparing and presenting the agency's budget to the State legislature. In January 1957, Mr. Lorenz joined the U.S. Office of Education as Assistant Director of the Library Services unit, established in the Office in 1938. During the next year, he supervised the development of administrative procedures for the first Federal library-grant program under the Library Services Act; planned and took part in regional conferences on that program; and was liaison with State library agencies and with librarians and library administrators at the municipal, State, and National levels. Mr. Lorenz was promoted to Director of the Library Services Branch in February 1958. In this post, in addition to administering the library-grant program, he was responsible for studies, research, and consultative services to improve and extend services of school, public, college, university, research, and State libraries; his role involved the appraisal of the library needs and problems of the States and of the Nation. In this period Mr. Lorenz served as a United States expert to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization for a short time in 1960-61 to consult with representatives of 10 other countries in developing an International Guide to Educational Documentation (1963) and to supervise preparation of the U. S. chapter. In September 1962 he served at the invitation of Unesco as Director of a Seminar on Public Library Development in Africa. In January-August 1961 he served as Acting Assistant Commissioner for Research, and in April 1961 the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare presented the Department's Superior Service Award to him. In May 1963 Mr. Lorenz became Director of the Division of Continuing Education and Cultural Affairs, responsible for policies and programs to promote improved adult education, education in the arts, and library services. In September of that year he represented the U. S. Office of Education at a Council meeting of the International Federation of Library Associations at Sofia, Bulgaria. In May 1964 he became Director of the Division of Library Services, with added responsibilities resulting from the expanded Library Services and Construction Act of 1964 and by the transfer of funds from the Office of Economic Opportunity to administer and make grants under Title II, Part B (Adult Basic Education), of the Economic Opportunity Act. On July 1, 1965, this division became the Division of Library Services and Educational Facilities. In the American Library Association, the American Association of State Libraries, the International Federation of Library Associations, and on many committees and boards, he has been an active participant in projects to forward the work of libraries. GENERAL STATEMENT OF LIBRARIAN Dr. MUMFORD. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, the justification which you have before you presents in detail the Library's estimates for fiscal year 1967. In my introductory remarks I should like to summarize and point out the most significant aspects of my requests, and I would welcome an opportunity to explain our needs in greater detail later and answer your questions. The Congress, especially this committee, has been understanding of the Library's programs and sympathetic to its needs. I also greatly appreciate the personal interest that the members of this committee have shown in the Library's activities. For a number of years you have granted increases. The need for me to continue to request these increases is twofold. The first reason can be stated simply: a research library must grow or die. Congress has recognized that the growth of the Library of Congress is not only inevitable but necessary and desirable, especially today when we are not only in the midst of an information and publishing explosion but when the Nation's interests know no boundaries. Over a million pieces of material are added to the Library's collections each year and, to be of use, this material must be cataloged or otherwise recorded. This need to grow is not unique with the Library of Congress. It is the same for all research libraries. For example, according to the U.S. Office of Education, between the academic years 1962 and 1964, the library costs of America's public and private colleges and universities rose 35 percent. The second reason for requesting increases is the growing need for service to Members and committees of Congress, other Federal agencies, other libraries, and the research community. There is particular concern about centralized cataloging and bibliographic automation, fields in which there is an insistent demand for the Library of Congress to provide leadership. The tremendous increases in expenditures for research of all type since World War II, together with technological advances in the field of communication, the shortage of trained librarians to catalog and service the great wealth of printed material pouring from the world's presses, the impetus given to education by new Federal programs, all combine to require new methods of coping with the information explosion. INCREASES REQUESTED The total of the Library's request for 1967 under all appropriation heads come to $31,146,000, which is an increase of approximately $4,794,000 over the 1966 level, inclusive of the supplemental for the pay increase. Of this increase, 14 percent is for built-in added costs, such as pay raises and price increases; another 18 percent is for requests under the special foreign currency program; about 18 percent is for the rental of space to prevent further congestion in our present quarters and to provide space for operations during the next few years while the third library building is being planned and constructed; and 10 percent is requested for the next stage in the development of an automated system for the Library. Two activities whose total return to the Treasury about equals their total expenditures, the Copyright Office and the Card Division, account for 11 percent of the total increases. For another important national service, Books for the Blind, I am asking for a 9-percent increase. These special items comprise 80 percent of the increase requested. The remaining 20 percent are directed toward meeting the growing demand for the traditional services of the Library. I watch very closely the status of various arrearages. They are the fever charts of the Library's health. Most of these requests for increases are in response to significant increases in arrearages, which take the form of books awaiting cataloging, cards awaiting filing, reference questions unanswered or answered hastily and partially under too much pressure, or they may take the form of increased time required to register a book for copyright or to fill an order from another library for catalog cards. SALARIES AND EXPENSES Turning to specific appropriations, under our main appropriation, "Salaries and expenses, Library of Congress," the estimate includes 58 new positions at a cost of $399,000. These positions are needed for: (1) cataloging, indexing, and classifying library materials for use, (2) giving reference and specialized informational service to users; and (3) keeping the collections up to an acceptable standard of cleanliness and repair. For the last mentioned, I am also asking for an increase of $60,000 for binding, which is urgently needed to take care of an additional 26,000 volumes. I have included $475,000 for further developmental work on the automation program. We have made considerable progress since the inception of this program, particularly in the past year, proceeding after careful planning. We are now conducting a pilot demonstration with funds received from a foundation to provide machine-readable catalog data on magnetic tape or punched cards to 16 selected libraries in various parts of the country. They will experiment with this data and give us essential feedback. The results of this pilot project should play an important part in the eventual development of an automated service. Other accomplishments to date include the development of a preliminary version of a standard format for a machine-readable bibliographic record, corresponding to the catalog card, and the development of the new automated book and card printing processes in cooperation with the Government Printing Office. The major part of the funds requested for this activity for 1967 will be used for a contract with a system development firm to develop specifications for a computerized system for the cataloging and bibliographic activities of the Library, and to continue the demonstration referred to above. It will require several more years of intensive planning and development before the system can be made operational. $880,000 is requested to rent 220,000 square feet of building space through the General Service Administration. Congestion at the Library is increasing at the rate of 44,000 square feet a year and it has been estimated that the third building cannot be ready for occupancy in less than 5 years. The space requested will serve to keep the serious congestion of the present building at approximately the present level. This is a nonrecurring item in the Library budget, since the cost will be included after the first year in the General Services Administration budget. Finally, an additional $45,000 is requested for various housekeeping and printing items, including office supplies, postage, photoduplication, and telephone services, for which I have asked very little increase in the past few years, although prices have been advancing steadily. COPYRIGHT OFFICE For the Copyright Office I am requesting 25 new positions at a cost of $141,000. This is a self-supporting operation, as the fees received plus the value of the books and related materials selected for the Library exceed the amount of the appropriation by about one-third. Most of the new positions are directly related to the total number of applications, deposits, and assignments. Registrations since 1961 have increased 25 percent while the staff has increased only 8 percent in the same period. In 1962 applications were processed and certificates issued about 2 weeks after their receipt. Today, applicants must unfortunately wait 6 to 8 weeks, sometimes longer. As you know, an increase in the copyright fees took effect on November 26, 1965, as a result of Public Law 89-297. LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE SERVICE Turning to the Legislative Reference Service, I am requesting 46 new positions at a cost of $330,000, plus $25,000 for supplies and photoduplication. During the 1st session of the 89th Congress and 63-051-66-11 |