lates of our legal order forbid the imposition of a penalty for disobeying a command that defies comprehension."

The dissenting Justice Douglas argued that if the decree was an injunction under Rule 65(d), it was also an injunction under the NorrisLaGuardia Act. He suggested an accommodation between Norris-LaGuardia and the LMRA that would limit the applicability of the anti-injunction provision in cases such as this where injunctive

relief is vital to the purpose of section 301 of the LMRA. The latter act, he said, is designed to encourage collective bargaining agreements in which the parties agree to refrain from disruptive unilateral action. The dissenting Justice added that allowing a union to submit a dispute to arbitration and to disregard the arbitrator's award with impunity results in a "heads I win, tails you lose" situation which is disruptive to the Federal scheme of arbitration in labor disputes.

-Arnold Ordman.

Chronology of

Recent Labor Events

November 5, 1967

MEMBERS of Textile Workers (TWUA) Local 406 voted to accept a Federal mediator's contract proposal with the New England Division of Maremont Corp. Under the plan, company and union representatives decided on a contract term of 22 months. Workers previously had rejected a contract for a 34-month term. Wage and benefit changes were comparable for both. About 1,500 workers had been on strike since November 1.

November 6

A CIRCUIT COURT in Richmond reversed an NLRB ruling that Westinghouse Electric Corp. was guilty of unfair labor practice for refusing to bargain over the price of food in a company cafeteria run by a caterer. The case was Westinghouse Electric Corp. v. NLRB. (See MLR, February 1966, p. 189.) November 7

SECRETARY OF LABOR Willard Wirtz ordered that child labor regulations be changed to provide greater work opportunity for those 14 to 16 years old. Youths 14 and 15 years old will be allowed to work until 9:00 p.m. between June 1 and Labor Day instead of till 7:00 p.m., and those between 14 and 16 will be allowed to participate in work-training programs during school hours under certain Economic Opportunity programs. At the same time, the Secretary redefined occupations especially hazardous to youth concerning the operation of motor vehicles and those involving work in agriculture.

November 8

THE SUPREME COURT reversed a contempt finding by a Philadelphia District Court against ILA Local 1291 on grounds that the District Court was not specific as to what it required or prohibited. Issued September 15, 1965, the order instructed the union to comply with an arbitrator's ruling about a contract "set back" provision. When further work disruptions occurred in the Philadelphia port, the same District Court, in March 1966, held the union and its officers in contempt for violating the

September 15 order. The case was International Longshoremen's Association, Local 1291, v. Philadelphia Marine Trade Association. (See p. 65, this issue.)

November 15

GOVERNOR Nelson A. Rockefeller designated the Civil Service Employes Association as bargaining agent for 124,000 New York State employees, valid for 1 year. The action was taken under provisions of the Taylor Act, passed earlier in the year. (See MLR, June 1967, p. 79.)

November 17

CHRYSLER CORP. and the United Auto Workers reached agreement on a 3-year contract covering about 95,000 workers. Economic gains were similar to those specified in the UAW-Ford contract (see MLR, December 1967, p. 53), but the agreement with Chrysler included a provision to bring Canadian wage rates up to U.S. levels by June 1, 1970. The two sides reached an accord on November 27 covering about 8,000 salaried employees. These white-collar workers will receive salary increases, ranging from $35 to $87 a month, retroactive to October 16. (See p. 69, this issue.)

November 20

BY ORDERING representation elections for nonprofessional employees at two establishments, the NLRB extended its jurisdiction to private hospitals and nursing homes. In Butte Medical Properties, the Board established its authority over proprietary hospitals with a gross revenue of $250,000 or more, and in University Nursing Home, Inc., over privately owned nursing homes with gross revenues of $100,000 or more.

November 23

THE AMERICAN BROADCASTING Co. and the National Association of Broadcast Employees reached an agreement affecting about 1,500 technicians and engineers. The 4-year contract provides for a reduction in the workweek and an immediate increase of $19 a week, $14 of which will be retroactive to April 1, 1967. Minimum pay will reach $275 a week by October 1, 1970. The technicians had been on strike since September 22.

November 27

NEW YORK CITY Taxi Drivers Local 3036 and the Metropolitan Taxicab Board of Trade reached an agreement on a 3-year contract covering about 29,000 drivers. The agreement will not take effect, however, until the city approves an "adequately" higher fare. The pact includes an immediate increase in commissions to 48 percent (from 47), and to 49 percent 18 months from now, with an additional 1 percent in each case for drivers with long service. 67

Developments in Industrial Relations*

AUTOMOBILE NEGOTIATIONS continued in November with agreements covering 95,000 hourly and 8,000 salaried Auto Workers being reached at Chrysler Corp. Settlement terms were similar to the previous month's Ford-UAW agreement, but wage parity for Canadian workers was added. Scattered walkouts preceded ratification of the Chrysler contracts.

Idleness caused by strikes in October rose to 6,510,000 man-days or 0.54 percent of the estimated total working time,1 compared with 2,190,000 mandays, or 0.19 percent, in October 1966.

Metalworking

The Chrysler Corp., in November, became the second major automaker to settle with the Automobile Workers as 3-year contracts were ratified covering 95,000 production and maintenance workers and 8,000 salaried workers in the United States. Terms were closely patterned after the Ford Motor Co. settlement.2 Agreement was reached to bring 12,500 Canadian hourly employees of Chrysler up to the U.S. pay scale in four steps by June 1, 1970. In addition, pension service credits were restored for workers laid off between 1958 and 1962, when Chrysler was in financial difficulty. The hourly worker agreement, reached November 8, was not ratified until November 17 because of local strikes which idled 50,000 workers at their peak. The salaried employees' agreement was reached on November 27.

A month-long strike by 4,500 Automobile Workers at Burroughs Corp. plants in the Detroit area ended in late October with ratification of a 3-year agreement. Wages were increased 2.8 percent a year, with skilled workers receiving an additional 30 cents an hour in the first year. Pensions were increased to $5 from $2.80 a month for each year of credited service.

About 5,800 employees of Whirlpool Corp., Evansville, Ind., Division were affected by an Oc

tober 17 settlement with Local 808 of the Electrical Workers (IUE). Terms of the 3-year contract included an immediate 12-cent wage increase (20 cents for skilled employees), additional 10-cent increases in both 1968 and 1969, continuation of the limited escalator clause, eighth and ninth paid holidays, and improved insurance and pension vesting provisions.

A 16-day strike by 7,300 workers ended in October when the Collins Radio Co. of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and the Electrical Workers (IBEW) agreed on a 3-year contract. A wage increase averaging 20.8 cents an hour was effective immediately, with an average 12.5-cent-an-hour increase in both the second and third years. Provisions for limited costof-living increases effective in the 18th and 30th months of the agreement were added; other terms were not reported. The plant, which employs a total of 13,000 workers, produces electronic 'equipment.

In the Cleveland area, TRW, Inc. (automobile and aerospace products) and the independent Aircraft Workers Alliance reached agreement in November on a 3-year contract. The contract, which was retroactive to the June 1 termination date of the previous agreement, incorporated some of the provisions and improved others, of the wage-benefit terms the company had announced in June as a "downpayment" towards the final package. The company had made the June announcement during a suspension of bargaining resulting from an objection filed by the Automobile Workers to a May NLRB election in which the AWA retained bargaining rights.3

Final terms for the 7,200 workers were a 6-percent wage increase effective June 1, 1967; 3-percent wage increases in the second and third years; additional adjustments of up to 26 cents an hour for skilled employees; and continuation of the cost-ofliving escalator clause, with no limit on the size of increases. Normal pension benefits were raised to $6 for each year of service up to 30 years, with an additional $3 a month for each additional year. Previously, the minimum normal pension for retirees with 30 years or more of service was $210, including social security benefits. Early retirement

with no actuarial reduction was made available at age 62. Other provisions included establishment of a savings plan, with employees being able to invest up to 6 percent of their annual base pay and TRW contributing $1 for each $2 invested by the employees; 2 additional paid holidays, bringing the total to 10; increased jury duty pay; paid funeral leave; and improved vacation, sickness and accident, and surgical benefits.

Other Manufacturing

The protracted negotiations in the New York City newspaper industry drew nearer to completion when the American Newspaper Guild (ANG) settled with the Daily News and the Times. The 3-year contracts followed the pattern of the earlier agreement the ANG negotiated with the Long Island Press, also a member of the Publishers Association of New York, and those negotiated by five other unions with each of the three papers. Negotiations continued with three unions.

In the Times contract, which was negotiated on October 24 and affected 2,500 employees, the pattern 8-, 6-, and 6-percent annual wage increases resulted in gains totaling $42.75 a week for reporters and photographers and $16 for the lowest paid classification, which includes cleaners and office boys. Top minimum rates (attained after specified lengths of service) were also increased, resulting in a $275-a-week scale for the highest rated classification (including columnists and departmental editors) in the final year of the agreement (a $60 increase) and a $250 rate for reporters and photographers (a $50 increase). Other provisions included introduction of a cost-of-living escalator clause and improvements in vacations and severance benefits.

The ANG-Daily News accord, which was reached in late September and affected 1,300 employees, resulted in increases in the top minimum rates ranging from $15.65 in the lowest classifications to $45.90 in the highest, bringing the minimum for the top classification to $260.90 a week. Fringe benefit changes in the Daily News settle

For terms of some of these earlier settlements, see Monthly Labor Review, August 1967, p. 68, and July 1967, pp. 60-61.

For earlier settlements involving the Michigan Road Builders Association, see Monthly Labor Review, November 1967, p. 61, and December 1967, p. 59.

• For earlier settlements with 6 other trades, see Monthly Labor Review, November 1967, p. 60.

ment were similar to those negotiated at the Times.

In late October, the American Enka Corp. reached agreement with the United Textile Workers on a 3-year contract for 2,400 workers. Terms included a 6-cent-an-hour immediate increase, additional wage adjustments for some classifications, and provisions for wage bargaining in 1968 and 1969, as well as improved vacation benefits for workers on continuous shifts.

The Upholstered Furniture Manufacturers' Association of the Metropolitan District (the New York City area) and Furniture Workers Local 76 reached agreement in early October on a 3-year contract covering 2,000 employees in 28 shops. The agreement provided an hourly wage increase of 20 cents, retroactive to September 1, with additional 15-cent increases in 1968 and 1969. Minimum hourly rates were increased to $3.60 for mechanics, from $3.25; $1.65 to $2.50 for apprentices, from $1.30 to $2.50; and $1.65 to $2.10 for other classifications, from $1.40 to $1.90. The contract also included a provision for a wage reopening tied to living costs.

Construction

In Michigan, heavy and highway construction bargaining was completed as the Road Builders Association settled on 3-year contracts with the Carpenters and Teamsters.5 The agreements provided a $1.96-an-hour package for 4,500 workers and an estimated $1.71-an-hour package for 2,500 workers, respectively.

The current round of construction industry bargaining in the Lake Charles, La, area was concluded with agreements between the Associated General Contractors (AGC) and the Iron Workers, the Operating Engineers, and the Sheet Metal Workers. The 3-year wage-benefit packages were $1.24 for Iron Workers, $1.05 to $1.30 for the Operating Engineers, and $1.35 for the Sheet Metal Workers. Earlier, the Painters had agreed to a $1.05 package. The unions had been on strike since July 1.

A late October settlement between the AGC and the Bricklayers in Waco and Ft. Hood, Tex., provided a $1.00 wage increase over 2 years.

In late October, the Boilermakers negotiated a 3-year area agreement for field construction work