Setting National Priorities: The 2000 Election and Beyond

Front Cover
Henry J. Aaron, Robert Danton Reischauer
Brookings Institution Press, 1999 - Political Science - 496 pages
" If the subject of influence in Washington interests you, this series of books deserves your respectful attention...it has changed the ways in which American politicians think about the budget." - The Washington Post For the first time in more than four decades, the federal budget has registered two consecutive surpluses, and the need to reduce the deficit is not casting a pall over the policy debate. This new, highly accessible book examines the policy options that are available in this new environment to address the new and recurring challenges that face the nation. The book, which continues the Brookings Institution's highly acclaimed and influential Setting National Priorities series, will serve as a guide for understanding many of the complex issues that will be discussed during the presidential and congressional campaigns of 2000. The book centers around three themes: providing opportunity in the domestic arena, restoring confidence in government, and adapting to the post-Cold War international environment. It tackles such critical issues as Medicare and social security, tax reform, and foreign policy spending, as well as many areas not included in previous editions; namely, education, urban problems, the environment, trade, government renewal and reform, crime and drugs, and families. In addition to the editors, the contributers are Gary Burtless, I. M. Destler, John J. DiIulio Jr., William Gale, Bruce Katz, Donald F. Kettl, Paul C. Light, Thomas E. Mann, Michael O'Hanlon, Paul R. Portney, Diane Ravitch, Isabel V. Sawhill, and James Sly.
 

Contents

The Dawning of a New Era
1
The Economy
2
The Budget
3
The Issues
14
Chapter Summaries
16
Defense and Foreign Policy Time to End the Budget Cuts
37
The Budget Facts
38
US Military Strategy Today
40
The Need to Reform Categorical Programs
282
Beyond City Limits A New Metropolitan Agenda
303
The Patterns of Metropolitan Growth
304
The Dark Side of Metropolitan Growth
306
The Challenges Facing Metropolitan Communities
308
The Impact of Federal and State Policies on Patterns of Metropolitan Growth
310
The Rise of Metropolitan Politics
316
The Federal Metropolitan Agenda
324

The US Military Today
43
Buying Adequate National Defense on 275 Billion a Year
52
International Affairs
64
Conclusion
69
Trade Policy at a Crossroads
73
NAFTA the Uruguay Round and Beyond
75
The Failure to Extend Fast Track
76
Anxiety over Globalization
81
Multiple Reasons to Persist
84
Breaking the Stalemate
87
Families at Risk
97
Families under Stress
98
What Can Be Done?
110
Growing American Inequality Sources and Remedies
137
Why Should We Care?
140
Why Has Inequality Increased?
144
Policy Responses
152
Future Directions
158
Conclusion
161
Measuring Income Inequality
162
Paying for an Aging Population
167
Darling We Are Growing Older
168
The Economic Burden of Dependents
169
Public Budgets
171
Social Security
172
Medicare
189
Medicaid
203
Conclusion
207
The Rocky Road to Tax Reform
211
An Overview
212
Effects of Federal Taxes
220
Does the Budget Surplus Justify Large Tax Cuts?
232
Strategies for Modifying the Current Tax System
235
Specific Reforms
240
Fundamental Tax Reform
248
Conclusion
261
The National Agenda in Elementary and Secondary Education
269
Student Performance
270
The Problem of Teacher Quality
275
Reforming the Governance of Education
277
The Promise and the Challenge
327
Federal Crime Policy Declare a Moratorium
333
Public Concern Keeps the Focus on Crime
335
Counting Crime Victims
338
Sentencing Violent Felons
341
Treating DrugOnly Offenders
348
Handling Juvenile Offenders
350
Environmental Policy in the Next Century
359
Trends in Environmental Quality and Public Opinion
360
The Environmental Protection Agency and Environmental Regulation
365
New Directions in Environmental Policy
373
Global Climate Change
381
Conclusion
385
Changing the Shape of Government
393
An Inventory of Change
395
Accidents and Confusion
402
Reshaping by Other Means
413
Conclusion
416
The Three Faces of Reinvention
421
Three Faces
422
Works Better Costs Less
423
What Should Government Do?
425
Search for Political Relevance
426
The Effects of Reinvention
428
The Lessons of Government Reform
435
Reforming the Reforms
438
The Government Performance and Results Act
439
Information Technology
441
Civil Service Reform
442
Conclusion
444
The US Campaign Finance System under Strain
449
Theory versus Practice
450
Chronic and Acute
457
Comparative Perspectives
460
Alternative Approaches to Reform
462
The Politics of Campaign Finance Reform
474
Contributors
479
Index
483
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