Alternative Toxicological MethodsHarry Salem, Sidney A. Katz Bringing together the recent and relevant contributions of over 125 scientists from industry, government, and academia in North America and Western Europe, Alternative Toxicological Methods explores the development and validation of replacement, reduction, and refinement alternatives (the 3Rs) to animal testing. Internationally recognized scientist |
Contents
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3 | |
9 | |
Recent Progress in the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicity Testing Methods | 15 |
Current Situation in the European Union | 31 |
Chapter 5 Integrated In Vitro Approaches for Assessing Systemic Toxicity | 43 |
Chapter 6 Summary of the OECDs New Guidance Document on the Recognition Assessment and Use of Clinical Signs as Humane Endpoints for Exp... | 51 |
The Humane Society of the United States Pain and Distress Initiative | 61 |
Chapter 24 Evaluation of Cytotoxicity Assays of Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Exposed In Vitro to Sulfur Mustard | 281 |
Chapter 25 Comparison of Spectrophotometric and Fluorometric Assays of Proteolysis in Cultured Human Cells Exposed to Sulfur Mustard | 287 |
Chapter 26 Effects of Low Dose Sulfur Mustard on Growth and DNA Damage in Human Cells in Culture | 295 |
Chapter 27 Imaging Sulfur Mustard Lesions in Basal Cells and Human Epidermal Tissues by Confocal and Multiphoton Laser Scanning Microscopy | 303 |
Implications for Toxicity and Medical Countermeasures | 313 |
Chapter 29 Development of Medical Countermeasures to Sulfur Mustard Vesication | 323 |
Neurotoxicology Molecular Biomarkers Transgenics and Imaging Technologies | 329 |
Lessons Derived from Transgenic Models | 333 |
Development of Predictive Methods Based on Mechanisms of Eye Irritation at the Ocular Surface Meeting Industry and Regulatory Needs | 75 |
Chapter 8 Meeting Industry and Regulatory Needs for Alternative Test Methods to the Draize Rabbit Eye Irritation Test | 77 |
Barrier Function and Mechanisms of Injury and Repair | 89 |
Chapter 10 Evaluation and Refinement of the Bovine Cornea Opacity and Permeability Assay | 109 |
Chapter 11 Corneal Organ Culture for Ocular Toxicity Test of Commercial Hair Care Products | 117 |
Chapter 12 Human Corneal Equivalents for In Vitro Testing | 125 |
A Reproducible In Vitro Means of Assessing Ocular Irritancy | 131 |
Chapter 14 ThreeDimensional Construct of the Human Corneal Epithelium for In Vitro Toxicology | 147 |
Scientific Relevance and Summary of Prevalidation Study Results | 161 |
Dermal Testing Alternatives | 187 |
Chapter 16 Alternative Methods for Dermal Toxicity Testing | 189 |
Mechanisms and Methods | 193 |
An Introductory Case Study | 207 |
Chapter 19 A Molecular Diagnostic Approach to Irritant or Allergic Patch Testing Using the DermPatch | 221 |
Chapter 20 In Vitro Skin Equivalent Models for Toxicity Testing | 229 |
A Case Study in the Use of Alternatives to Determine the Mechanism of Sulfur Mustard Action | 249 |
Chapter 21 Cellular Resistance of Tetrahymena to Sulfar Mustard | 251 |
Chapter 22 Studies of Cellular Biochemical Changes Induced in Human Cells by Sulfur Mustard | 259 |
Chapter 23 Human Keratinocyte Inflammatory Transcript Gene Activity Following Sulfur Mustard | 269 |
Chapter 31 A Microassay Method Using a Neuroblastoma Cell Line to Examine Neurotoxicity of Organophosphate Mixtures | 341 |
Chapter 32 Development of Integrin Expression as a Molecular Biomarker for Early Sensitive Detection of Neurotoxicity | 347 |
A Review of Recent Advances in DeepTissue Imaging | 361 |
Role of Transgenics and Toxicogenomics in the Development of AlternativeToxicityTests | 375 |
Chapter 34 The Application of Genomics and Proteomics to Toxicological Sciences | 377 |
Chapter 35 Use of Transgenic Animals in Regulatory Carcinogenicity Evaluations | 391 |
Chapter 36 Changes in Gene Expression after Exposure to Organophosphorus OP Agents | 413 |
Recent Innovations in Alternatives | 429 |
Minimizing Need for Animal Experiments | 431 |
An Overview with Special Reference to Biomedicine | 449 |
Chapter 39 World Wide Web Biomedical Chemical and Toxicological Information Resources from the National Library of Medicine | 473 |
Chapter 40 In Silico Approaches for Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling | 479 |
Chapter 41 In Silico Application of Quantum Chemical Methods for Relating Toxicity to Chemical Reactivity | 533 |
Increasing the Discovery of Therapeutics through HighPerformance Computing | 543 |
A Metric for Mutagenicity? | 559 |
A Gestational Toxicity Test Using Human Placental Trophoblasts | 567 |
581 | |
Back cover | 593 |
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acceptance activity addition agencies agents alternative analysis animal appears application approach assay assessment biological cause cell cultures cells cellular changes chemical compounds concentration containing corneal culture damage described determined distress dose Draize drug effects epidermal epithelial epithelium estimated et al evaluation experimental experiments exposed exposure expression factor Figure function gene gene expression growth Health human ICCVAM identify imaging increased indicate induced initial Institute integrin involved irritation laboratory levels Library materials measured mechanisms Medical molecular mustard observed obtained ocular Organization pain performed placenta potential prediction presented procedure protein publication receptor regulatory Research response Sciences scientific sensitization showed shown silico skin specific structure surface Table test method tissue toxicity Toxicol Toxicology transcript trophoblasts tumor validation values vitro vivo
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