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could see the satellites of Jupiter1 with their unarmed eye. In some respects the animals excel us. The birds have a longer sight, beside the advantage by their wings of a higher observatory. A cow can bid her calf by secret signal, probably of the eye, to run away, or to lie down and hide itself. The jockeys say of certain horses, that "they look over the whole ground." The out-door life, and hunting, and labour, give equal vigour to the human eye. A farmer looks out at you as strong as the horse; his eyebeam is like the stroke of a staff. An eye can threaten like a loaded and levelled gun, or can insult like hissing and kicking; or, in its altered mood, by beams of kindness it can make the heart dance with joy.

The eye obeys exactly the action of the mind. When a thought strikes us, the eyes fix and remain gazing at a distance.

There is no nicety of learning sought by the mind which the eyes do not vie in acquiring. "An artist," said Michael Angelo, "must have his measuring tools not in the hand but in the eye;" and there is no end to the catalogue of its performances.

Eyes are bold as lions-roving, running, leaping, here and there, far and near. They speak all languages. They wait for no introduction; ask no leave of age or rank; they respect neither poverty nor riches, neither learning nor power, nor virtue, nor sex-but intrude, and come again, and go through and through you, in a moment of time. What inundation of life and thought is discharged from one soul into another by them! The glance is natural magic. We look into the eyes of a stranger to know if this other form is another self; and the eyes will not lie, but make a faithful confession what inhabitant is there. The spirit in that momentary glance which responds to yours appears at the windows of the house and tells its own tale.

The eyes of men converse as much as their tongues, with the advantage that the ocular3 d'alect needs no dictionary

When the eyes say

but is understood all the world over. one thing and the tongue another, a practised man relies on the language of the first. If the man is off his centre, the eyes show it. You can read in the eyes of your companion whether your argument hits him, though his tongue will not confess it. There is a look by which a man shows when he is going to say a good thing, and a look when he has said it. Vain and forgotten are all the fine offers and offices of hospitality, if there is no welcome in the eye. Cold and empty are all the fine phrases of condolence, if there is no warm sympathy in the eye. How many furtive inclinations are avowed by the eye, though dissembled by the lips!

There are eyes, to be sure, that give no admission into the man, but that very fact reveals the leading features of his character. Some eyes speak more distinctly than others, but nearly all speak a language that can be universally understood. The alleged power to charm down insanity in man or ferocity in beasts is a power1 behind the eye. must be a victory achieved in the will before it can be signified in the eye. "Tis very certain that each man carries in his eye the exact indication of his rank in the immense scale of men, and we are always learning to read it.

'Satellites of Jupiter. - Jupiter, one of the planets, is attended by four satellites, or moons. 2 Michael Angelo.-A great painter and architect. Born in Tuscany, 1474.

RALPH WALDO EMERSON.

It

Chief architect of St. Peter's at Rome.
3 Ocular dialect. Language by
means of the eyes [L. oculus, an eye.]

• Power behind the eye.-A power in the mind which the eye only expresses.

A CHARADE.'

PRONOUNCED as one letter, and written with three,
Two letters there are and two only in me;
I'm double, I'm single, I'm black, blue, and grey,
I am read from both ends, and the same either way.
I am restless and wandering, steady and fixed,

And you know not one hour what I may be the next;

I melt and I kindle, beseech and defy,
I am watery and moist, I am fiery and dry.
I am scornful and scowling, compassionate, meek,
I am light, I am dark, I am strong, I am weak.
I'm piercing and clear, I am heavy and dull,
Expressive and languid, contracted and full.
I'm a globe and a mirror, a window, a door,
An index, an organ, and fifty things more.
I belong to all animals under the sun,

And to those which were long understood to have none.2
By some I am said to exist in the mind,

And am found in potatoes, and needles, and wind.
Three jackets3 I own, of glass, water, and horn,
And I wore them all three on the day I was born.
I am covered quite snug, have a lid and a fringe,
Yet I move every way on invisible hinge.
A pupil I have, a most whimsical wight,
Who is little by day, and grows big in the night,
Whom I cherish with care as a part of myself;
For in truth I depend on this delicate elf,

Who collects all my food, and with wonderful knack,
Throws it into a net, which I keep at my back;
And though heels over head it arrives, in a trice
It is sent up to table all proper and nice.
I am spoken of sometimes as if I were glass,
But then it is false, and the trick will not pass.
A blow makes me run, though I have not a limb;
Though I neither have fins, nor a bladder, I swim.
Like many more couples, my partner and I
At times will look cross at each other, and shy;
Yet still though we differ in what we're about,
One will do all the work when the other is out.
I am least apt to cry, as they always remark,
When trimmed with good lashes, or kept in the dark ;
Should I fret and be heated, they put me to bed,
And leave me to cool upon water and bread.
But if hardened I grow they make use of the knife,
Lest an obstinate humour endanger my life;

Or you may, though the treatment appears to be rough,
Run a spit through my side, and with safety enough.
Like boys who are fond of their fruit and their play,
I am seen with my ball and my apple all day.
My belt is a rainbow,' I reel and I dance ;
I am said to retire, though I never advance.
I am read by physicians, as one of their books,
And am used by the ladies to fasten their hooks.

My language is plain, though it cannot be heard,
And I speak without ever pronouncing a word.
Some call me a diamond, some say I am jet;
Others talk of my water, or how I am set.
I'm a borough in England, in Scotland a stream,
And an isle of the sea in the Irishman's dream.
The earth without me would no loveliness wear,
The sun, moon, and stars, at my wish disappear ;
Yet so frail is my tenure, so brittle my joy,
That a speck gives me pain,

A charade.-A species of riddle, the
subject of which is a word to be discovered
from the description of its parts.
"To have none.-The mole was for-
merly thought to have no eyes.

Three jackets.-The eye has three coatings the outside of a horny nature, whilst within are two humours called aqueous and vitreous respectively [L. aqua, water; vitrum, glass],

and a drops can destroy.

A net.-That is, the retina or network of nerves at the back of the eye. 'Heels over head. An inverted image is formed on the retina.

To table, etc.-The image comes to the brain all right, so that the object is not seen upside down.

A rainbow.-The coloured part of the eye is called the iris, which is the Greek name for a rainbow.

A drop.-e.g., a drop of vitriol.

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THE TOWN PUMP.

[SCENE. The corner of two principal streets. The Town Pump talking through his nose.]

ON HIS OWN IMPORTANCE.

NOON, by the north clock! Noon, by the east! High noon, too, by these hot sunbeams, which fall, scarcely aslope, upon my head, and almost make the water bubble and smoke in the trough under my nose. Truly we public characters have a tough time of it! And among all the town officers chosen at March meeting, where is he that sustains, for a single year, the burden of such manifold duties as are imposed in perpetuity upon the Town Pump? The title of "town treasurer" is rightfully mine, as guardian of the best treasure that the town has. The overseers of the poor ought to make me their chairman, since I provide bountifully for the pauper, without expense to him that pays

taxes.

I am at the head of the fire department, and one of the physicians to the board of health. As a keeper of the

peace, all water-drinkers will confess me equal to the constable. I perform some of the duties of the town clerk, by promulgating public notices when they are pasted on my front. To speak within bounds, I am the chief person of the municipality,' and exhibit, moreover, an admirable pattern to my brother officers, by the cool, steady, upright, downright, and impartial discharge of my business, and the constancy with which I stand to my post. Summer or winter, nobody seeks me in vain; for all day long I am seen at the busiest corner, just above the market, stretching out my arms to rich and poor alike; and at night I hold a lantern over my head, both to show where I am, and keep people out of the gutters. At this sultry noontide I am cupbearer to the parched populace, for whose benefit an iron goblet is chained to my waist. Like a dram-seller on the mall at muster-day, I cry aloud to all and sundry in my plainest accents, and at the very tiptop of my voice,-Here it is, gentlemen! Here is the good liquor! Walk up, walk up, gentlemen; walk up, walk up! Here is the superior stuff! Here is the unadulterated ale of father Adam; better than Cognac,2 Hollands, Jamaica, strong beer, or wine of any price: here it is by the hogshead or the single glass, and not a cent to pay. Walk up, gentlemen, walk up, and help yourselves!

It were a pity if all this outcry should draw no customers. Here they come. A hot day, gentlemen! Quaff, and away again, so as to keep yourselves in a nice cool sweat. You, my friend, will need another cupful, to wash the dust out of your throat, if it be as thick there as it is on your cowhide shoes. I see that you have trudged half a score of miles to-day, and, like a wise man, have passed by the taverns and stopped at the running brooks and well-curbs. Otherwise, betwixt heat without and a fire within, you would have been burnt to a cinder, or melted down to nothing at all in the fashion of a jelly-fish. Drink, and make room for that other fellow, who seeks my aid to quench the fiery fever of last night's potations, which he drained from no cup of

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