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S., Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh; being a continuation of the Dissertations on the Progress of Physical Science to the present time. WILLIAM EMPSON,-better known as Prof. Empson, and editor of the "Edinburgh Review,"―died on the 10th inst., at the East India College, Haileybury, in his sixtythird year, the immediate cause of his death being a ruptured blood-vessel. Mr. Empson filled the important chair of Professor of Civil Law at Haileybury,—a chair formerly occupied by Malthus and Mackintosh. Mr. Empson was educated, first at Winchester, and afterwards at Trinity College, Cambridge. He married Francis Jeffrey's only child, and through his influence succeeded the late Mr. Macvey Napier as editor of the "Edinburgh Review." Mr. Empson is said to have written some sixty articles for the "Edinburgh Review:"these chiefly, of course, during the period when he was not its editor. 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THE METHODIST QUARTERLY QUARTERLY REVIEW. JULY, 1853. ART. I.-THE BACON OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. IN a former number of this Review* we exhibited the need of a second grand Instauration of the Intellect, and the reasonableness of anticipating its early accomplishment. But the investigation which led us to those conclusions, however important in itself, was undertaken chiefly as a necessary preliminary to the examination of the characteristics by which we might recognise the true Coryphæus of the new reform, if such recognition should be deemed possible, and to the determination of the validity of the claims already alleged in favour of M. Comte, or hereafter to be advanced in favour of any other system-builder, to be esteemed truly the Bacon of the Nineteenth Century. These are questions of great moment, involving, as they do, the correct estimate of the present necessities and prospective fortunes of existing civilization; and awarding or refusing, according to their decision, the highest intellectual prize which is presented to human ambition, or is spontaneously bestowed when due, as the loftiest meed of intellectual service which humanity can confer on the greatest of its recognised benefactors. It is with a proper sense of the magnitude and difficulty of the subject, and with a full consciousness of the necessity for extreme caution, impartiality, and sobriety of judgment, that we venture upon the task of attempting to solve, honestly and candidly, however imperfectly, these great problems. We believe with a firm conviction that the completion of the investigation proposed will enable us to question on broad and elevated grounds the pretensions advanced in behalf of M. Comte by his zealous but indiscreet followers, and, at the same time, will assist in expediting the coming Instauration, by preshadowing its true type. If it should still leave our allegiance free, we shall at least be rescued from the imminent perils of a fatal deluJuly, 1852, Art. I. FOURTH SERIES, VOL. V.-21 sion; we shall be better qualified to detect the numerous false prophets who may yet arise, or may have already arisen; and we shall have our eyes opened to the quick discernment of the real Bacon of the Nineteenth Century, whenever he may appear, to lead us by miraculous ways from the midst of our present Egyptian bondage. But to attain these results is no light endeavour. Those whom we are about to summon before our tribunal are no ordinary suitors. We are not merely to decide on the rights of the ostensible litigants, but to settle the prospective claims of a long succession of illustrious philosophers, perhaps as yet unborn. If M. Comte is accidentally, or in consequence of his merited prominence, the nominal defendant, it is not merely his privileges and honours which are to be adjudicated, but those of any who may hereafter occupy a like eminent position; and to him we might almost address the words of Anchises : "Illustres animas, nostrumque in nomen ituras, The subject, too, in dispute is one of unusual amplitude—so unusual, indeed, that it can be presented but on few occasions in the long lapse of centuries. All ages are before us; and the greatest intellects of all time are the witnesses on whom we must in great measure rely. The great minds of the present and approaching generations are the parties among whom we are to judge; the evidences which must guide our judgment are to be gathered from the obscurity of the past; the persons to be affected by it are many of them still, in all probability, in the dim future, while the destinies of a trembling civilization hang uncertain in the balance; and though, perhaps, little is to be effected by the criticism of any single individual, yet all these things must be estimated by us with such accuracy as may be compatible with our powers. It would be a weak and ridiculous presumption to contemplate any authoritative decision as the result of our inquiries; but, so far as we may, we will endeavour to raise ourselves "To the highth of this great argument," and, if unable to solve the dark and arduous enigmas propounded to us, we may hope at least to determine some of the conditions of their adequate solution, and to disclose the existence of important topics of investigation, but little apprehended by the generality of minds, and whose ultimate solution may possibly be expedited by our earnest, though unavailing efforts. We are thus inclined to link the cause of M. Comte with the great question of the characteristics and essentials of all efficient intellectual renovation throughout all time. We take peculiar pleasure in test ing his claims on broad and general grounds, and determining his relation to a great crisis by considering that crisis itself in its historical relations, instead of limiting ourselves to a special analysis of the aptitudes and tendencies of his philosophy, and narrowing the inquiry to a bare examination of his distinctive doctrines. For M. Comte we entertain, and have uniformly expressed, the utmost deference and respect for his labours the utmost admiration; and though we deplore the supposed tendencies of his creed, and cannot consent to accept his system as complete, conclusive, and exclusive-yet no intemperate judgment or indiscriminating opposition shall betray us into the folly of rejecting the valuable truths which he has enounced, or of depreciating, directly or indirectly, the eminent - reputation which he has deservedly acquired. If the enthusiasm of a few eager acolytes transcend the bounds of moderation, we may examine how far their praises are legitimate, and how far they are exaggerated; but the world owes too much gratitude to M. Comte for stimulating and assisting the social speculation which is so preeminently required by his age, for us not to be more willing to bestow undue eulogy upon him than inadequate commendation. It will readily be recognised by reflecting men that the antagonism is not the less earnest or uncompromising which is limited to what we believe to be his errors; nor is the resistance less efficient which recognises the merits and the prowess of an adversary. Having indicated by these remarks our due appreciation of the solemn nature and difficulty of the contemplated inquiry, we proceed to the execution of our task. It will be our first duty to determine the essential characteristics of any fresh instauration, in order that by the results of that induction we may be governed in our estimate of the requirements which must be satisfied by any philosopher who claims, or is alleged to be the second Bacon of another age. It is in this part of our speculations that we deem it expedient to recur to the instruction of former times, and to revert to the experience of humanity in previous analogous crises for the explication of the present. This procedure might have been useful at an earlier stage of our investigations for the full solution of the questions relative to the need and the probability of a new instauration; but as those points admitted a sufficient, if only provisional solution from other sources, we left them without directly availing ourselves of such assistance, to receive further illustration from the light which might be reflected upon them from the researches on which we are now about to enter. In the previous article, to which we have referred, we specified three intellectual renovations in the past history of humanity which |