The Lesson of Popular Government

Public institutions and buildings, in | Railroads, in relation to politics, ii.
plan of city charter, ii. 465, 485,
486

Public men, effect of English and
French systems, i. 325; France
and United States, 334, 335; same
in States as in Congress, ii. 57; in
Massachusetts legislature, 58; in
cities, 94; Paris and Amsterdam,
109; how affected by executive
responsibility, 436

Public office, something to get and

not to do, i. 416; ii. 57; no possible
credit to be gained, i. 416; reputa-
tion to be lost, 416; scandals in
America, ii. 257

Public opinion, nature of, i. 38; sup-
plied by party, 69; created, 70;
undeveloped, 73; forced parliamen-
tary reform, 105; why none in
France, 339; not brought to bear
in United States, 430; maintained
by frequent elections, ii. 53; train-
ing of, 161; as a whole and in
fractions, 399, 411; difficulty of
ascertaining, i. 122; ii. 391, 513;
what appeal to, might have done
in 1898, 514; not represented by
Congress, 515; by whom then, 517;
absence of peace meetings proves
nothing, 519; manufacture of, 520;
real source of responsibility, 531
Publication of debates in Parliament,
i. 71

Puritans, i. 45, 59

QUAKERS, i. 45

Qualification for suffrage, i. 12; pe-
cuniary, 2, 4, 7-9, 37, 143, 177, 185

Quay, Matthew S., ii. 44, 438

60; and interstate commerce, 420
Randall, Samuel J., i. 406

Readjustment of executive and legis-
lature, ii. 447
Rebellion, 1745, i. 97

Reed, Thomas B., in the first Con-
gress, i. 397, 404; overruled by
House, 405; ii. 522; effect of his
rule, i. 506; admits necessity of re-
form, ii. 363; but opposes Cabinet
in Congress, 364; on civil service
reform, 365

Referendum, ii. 194; Boston Rapid
Transit Commission, 35; Bryce
upon, 177, 189; comments upon him,
191; Oberholzer and A. Lawrence
Lowell, 195; J. R. Commons upon,
197; different basis from local op-
tion, 199; Switzerland, 239
Reform, i. 4, 36, 43; ii. 542; prospect
of, in cities, 101; must begin in
States, not nation, 447; Bill of 1832,
Great Britain, i. 2, 103; of 1867-68,
2; parliamentary, 71, 73, 77, 101; in
France, 192

Reichstag, German imperial, i. 6; ii.
227

Remedies, political, three available,
ii. 162; in readjustment of power,

202

Reporting, public, of debates, i. 29,
71, 102

Representation, i. 1, 2, 4, 97; modern
system of, 1, 11
Representative, i. 41, 43; system, ex-
perience of, in France, 329; body,
45; government, 57; institutions
not fitted for French, 334; not fairly
tried, 335; on mission, France, 155

Queen, different from elected ruler, i. | Republic, French, Second, i. 190;

114

Questions, in Parliament, i. 87; notice

of and answer to, 87; ii. 325
Quincy, Josiah, Mayor, advisory coun-
cil not a cabinet, ii. 476

Third, 290; Dutch, 7; ii. 299
Republicans, French, i. 290, 298; party
in United States, 386, 434, 441, 497,
501; ii. 49, 52, 438, 515, 534, 539;
Convention, St. Louis, 1896, 494

Quincy, Massachusetts, city of, char- Reputation lost, and none won, i. 416,
ter, ii. 137

Quorum, construction of, i. 398

RACE and circumstances in history,
i. 116, 287; Mill and Lecky on, ii.
261; Lecky, 316

419, 422; ii. 57, 95

Resignation, i. 72, 75, 90, 109; ii. 345,
346

Responsibility, i. 46, 72, 73; concen-
tration of, 75; of ministers, 77, 78,
89; necessity of, ii. 138; enforced

upon strong executive not yet tried, | ST. Louis, government of, ii. 156;
281; of executive in British Parlia- platform, 1896, 494
ment, direct and personal, i. 360; Sardinia, i. 7
in United States only through in-
vestigating committees, 360; of
Cabinet to President, not Congress,
ii. 345, 358; executive should be ex-
tended to States, 362; and not power
aimed at, 375; to and by whom
enforced, 530; of office, i. 86; of
Cabinet in Congress, ii. 328; for
administration, 328

School Boards in England and Wales,
i. 27

Schools, voluntary, i. 27; public in
Boston and Massachusetts, ii. 2, 28,
89; superintendent of, 90
Scotland, i. 27; ii. 247

Secretary of the Treasury, i. 484; sup-
posed in Congress, ii. 351
Sections, Paris, i. 153

Responsible executive government, i. Self-denying ordinance, i. 61, 146; ii. 511
351; means of promoting, ii. 412
Restoration, English, i. 97, 175; United
States, 175; French, 174, 175; used
Napoleon's arrangements, 176
Revolution, English, of 1688, i. 25, 63,
64, 68, 70, 96, 131, 179, 181; French,
18, 31, 52, 57, 60, 98, 115, 135-161, 353;
of July, 101, 102, 179, 189; of 1848,
French condemned for, 189; Prus-
sian, 1848, ii. 219; social, in Massa-
chusetts, 37

Rhode Island, i. 9; bad behavior of, 54
Richelieu, i. 31, 58, 117, 129; ii. 303;
the new, i. 253

Right Centre, France, i. 290
River and Harbor Bill, i. 407

Robespierre, i. 146, 152, 158, 160, 162,
347

Roman Catholics, i. 98

Self-government, France, at first
worked well, i. 148
Self-interest, i. 39, 40
Self-sacrifice, i. 39, 40
Senate, United States, i. 359, 398; ii.
536; made up by jobbing legislatures,
i. 399, 400; most powerful branch of
government, 400; organization and
procedure, 401; courtesy of, 401;
financial control, 402; does not elect
presiding officer, 403; has become
a debating club, 506; election by
popular vote, ii. 45; Bill to admit
Cabinet to Congress, 324; report of
committee on, 326; Bill not copy of
English system, 341; to be improved
through legislatures, 442; preserves
State importance, 443; new States
no worse than old, 444

Roman Catholic Church, i. 23, 129, 138, Separation, of powers, i. 50; in Massa-

147, 287; ii. 303

Roman Empire, i. 57, 349

Rome, people of, i. 2, 11, 33

Romilly, Sir Samuel, i. 25; rules for

National Assembly, 138

Roses, wars of, i. 58
Rousseau, i. 24; ii. 251

Routledge, "Popular Progress in Eng-
land," i. 98, 107

chusetts constitution, ii. 14; income
and expenditure, 92; non-existent
in United States, 324; in plan of
city charter, 459

Shaw, Albert, ii. 103-126; favors Eng-
lish municipal system for United
States, 123; distinct issue with this
work, 125
Sicily, i. 33

Royalists, France, i. 163, 165, 174, 177, Sièyés, i. 152
298

Rules, i. 94, 395, 397, 398, 403, 411; in
Parliament, favor control by minis-
ters, 85

Russell, Lord John, 1832, plan of re-
form, i. 102, 103

Russell, William E., as to government
by commissions, ii. 450; answer
of committee to, 452; submits in
silence, 455

Silver, free coinage of, proposed, 16 to
1, i. 468; favored by the Senate, 401;
the invasion of, 487; decline of, 488;
purchase of, by United States gov-
ernment, 488; free coinage advo-
cated, ii. 498

Simon, Jules, i. 258; government of,
M. Thiers, 279

Single district elections, ii. 167, 172;
comments upon, 176

Slave trade, i. 26
Slavery, i. 26, 34, 42; process of abo-
lition in United States, actual, 452;
supposed, 456

Snow, Dr. Freeman, objections to
Cabinet in Congress, ii. 342; Cabi-
net irresponsible, because so to
Congress, 343; President does not
represent the whole country, 347;
House of Commons more power than
Congress, 349; people should govern
themselves, 370; democracy should
not choose best and wisest states-
men, 371; legislature should govern,
374; objects to leaders, 376; people
should determine questions of policy,
377; if Congress incompetent, popu-
lar government a failure, 382
Social, questions, i. 42; revolution in

Massachusetts, ii. 38

Socialism, i. 143; in France, 326; Lon-
don county council, ii. 130; agita-
tion in United States, 131

Sophia, Princess, i. 63

of budgets, 2; government of cities,
2; uniformity of, 3; receive little
attention, 5; why? 6; centrali-
zation increasing, 39; finances,
45; increasing removal from the
people, 52; less frequent elections
and sessions, 53; strife between
classes, 60; real blemishes in, 71;
reform must precede that of city,
102; executive responsibility must
begin in, 412; work for Massachu-
setts, 448

States, ii. 1-72, 416-455; no political
intercourse between, 62; governor's
messages, 68; same difficulty as at
Washington, 416

States-General, first, in France, i. 3;
none in France from 1614 to 1789, 4;
France in Middle Ages, 118; diffi-
culty in summoning, 1789, 122; con-
voked at last, 134; because bank-
ruptcy impending, 142; on basis of
universal suffrage, 143

States of the Church, i. 33

South Carolina, i. 53; county govern- Stephens, H. Morse, on French Revolu-

ment in, ii. 78

South, the, i. 29, 35, 455, 500; ii. 535
Sovereign can do no wrong, i. 72
Spain, i. 6, 7, 9, 32, 48, 58; ii. 505,
512; domestic history of, 288; Cortés
and Pizarro, 293; modern history at
home and abroad, 294

Spanish, report on Maine explosion,
ii. 506; offer of arbitration, 507;
refused, 508

Speaker, i. 385, 403, 505; position of,
English, 92-94; United States, ap-
points committees, 394; great and
irresponsible power, 397; compared
with Moderator, ii. 75; Professor
Commons on, 165

Specie payments, return to England,
1819, i. 477; United States, 1878, 487
Spectator, London, i. 47, 95; as to re-
sponsibility, ii. 138

tion, i. 115; orators of the Revo-
lution, 137; quotes Sir Samuel
Romilly, 138; harmony of two pow-
ers necessary, 144; what Assembly
should have credit for, 147; on
Marat, 155; futility of trusting
government to an Assembly, 164
Storthing, i. 8

Story, Hon. Joseph, on exclusion of
Cabinet from Congress, ii. 340; on
the Constitution, 510
Strafford, Earl, i. 117, 131
Stuarts, i. 350

Subordinates, independent of superior,
i. 47; ii. 12, 14, 26

Suffrage, date of wide extension, i. 2-
10; wide in Ireland, ii. 260; woman,
i. 13; ii. 189

Sumner, Charles, i, 454, 481
Sumter, Fort, i. 35, 454

Speech, at opening of Parliament, i. Sunderland, Earl of, i. 68
80

Spoils system, i. 39, 434; replaced by
money in politics, 443
Stamp Act, American, i. 97
Standing army, i. 34, 116, 518
State governments, importance com-
pared with national, ii. 1; amount

Superior, must control subordinates,
i. 48; ii. 416, 428, 430, 431

Supply, in Great Britain, wholly pro-
posed by government, i. 82; con-
trast in United States, 405
Surplus, i. 106, 461, 463–465
Swallow, Rev. Silas C., ii. 440

INDEX

Sweden, i. 8
Switzerland, i. 5; character of country,
ii. 231; government, 230; constitu-
tion of 1848, 230; revision of 1874,
231; legislature supreme, 232;
Federal Council, 234; referendum
and initiative, 239

Sybel, on universal suffrage, ii. 273
Symes, J. E., on Notables, i. 133;
emigration from France, 139; treat-
ment of Church, 142; National
Assembly, 147; Legislative Assem-
bly, 151; September massacres, 155;
fall of Robespierre, 161; Reign of
Terror, 162

TAINE, H., " Ancien Régime," i. 19,
120, 121; taxes under, 142; "French
Revolution," self-denying ordinance,
146; abstention of voters, 149; Ja-
cobin club, 150; small number of
Jacobins, 151; need of strong gov-
ernment, 151; "Régime Moderne,'
education under Napoleon, 169; ap-
pointment of bishops, 176
Tammany, ii. 51, 52, 127, 144, 152
Tariff, English, 1841, i. 106; English,
French, and United States, 331;
United States, uncertainty of, 433;
English legislation, 438; furnishes
campaign funds, United States, 444;
effect on revenue, 463; at St. Louis,
1896, ii. 476; McKinley elected upon,
514

Tasmania, i. 34

Taswell-Langmead, "English Consti-
tutional History," i. 63, 65, 68,
116

Taxation by Continental Congress, i.
51; ministers must not be asked to
explain until ready, 82; abstract
resolutions in Parliament opposed,
83; royal, in France, 118; ii. 46, 71,
90, 92, 94, 98, 156; without repre-
sentation, 255

Taxes, ii. 135, 156; qualification for
voting, i. 4-9; proposed in Great
Britain only by government, 82;
cannot be imposed without consent
of Parliament, 83; arrears of, in
France, 142

Taylor, Hannis, ii. 295; as to Cabinet
in Congress, 329

589

Temple, Sir William, The Netherlands,
i. 65; ii. 299, 300

Terror, Reign of, i. 19, 130, 155, 160
Texas, i. 364

Thiers, just attracting notice, i. 178;
leading part in forming government,
1830, 180; rivalry with Guizot, 183;
the National, organ of, 190; pre-
dicts Revolution of 1848, 195; forms
ministry, 207; brings home remains
of Napoleon, 242; chosen chief of
executive power, 291; conflict with
Chamber, 295; question of exclud-
ing from Chamber, 296; resignation
of executive power, 297

Third Republic, France, i. 32; hostility
to Church, 177; comparison with
United States, 287; with England,
287; its development, 301; phases
to, 1894, 302; failure not in uni-
versal suffrage, but in organization,
311; discussion by Duc de Broglie,
312; organization of, 321; Bodley,
as to, 332-345

Third term for President, i. 360
Thureau-Dangin, "Monarchy of July,"
i. 181, 183, 190, 197

Times, London, i. 28, 95; ii. 128
Tocqueville, "France before the Revo-
lution," i. 118, 121, 124-128; "Souve-
nirs," 237, 241; predicts Revolution
of 1848, 195; discussion of same, 216;
of National Assembly, 218; on con-
stitution of 1848, 231; on election of
President, 380; on democracy, ii. 528
Todd, Alpheus, i. 75-91, 113
Tories, i. 52, 296, 494
Town government, organization in
Massachusetts, ii. 75; moderator, 75;
only real example of separation of
power, 76; compactness of business,
77; defects in, 77; lasted until 1822,
82

Town meeting, i. 2; New England, 395;
ii. 75

Towns, power destroyed in France, i.
123; ii. 74, 291, 296, 297
Trade unions, ii. 267
Transportation, i. 26, 28
Tribunal, revolutionary, i. 155
Trochu, General, i. 258, 261, 262, 264,
266, 276

Trollope, T. A., i. 123, 130

Tudor, i. 58

Tuileries, i. 154, 206, 208
Tuscany, i. 33

UNION, the, i. 35, 40, 42, 51, 56, 352;
ii. 536, 540; citizens', New York,
1897, 145

United States, i. 5, 23, 45, 48, 49, 53,
351; as colonial power, ii. 317, 364-
367, 369-372, 376, 385, 392, 438, 442,
494, 512, 514, 518, 533, 543, 545
Units, i. 41; ii. 16, 386, 389
Universal suffrage, i. 1, 5, 6, 10, 37,
292; failure of, 16; in France, 185,
238; praised for keeping Congress
straight, 398; natural right or ex-
pediency, ii. 242, 244; not to blame
for condition of politics, i. 429; fail-
ure of government not owing to, 435

VENETIA, i. 33

Venezuela, case of, i. 514; ii. 509
Venice, i. 1, 7

Vermont, i. 54; ii. 40

Versailles, i. 149, 274, 291; coronation
of William I. of Germany, 285
Veto, absurdity of, i. 49; in Great
Britain belongs to legislature, 50;
limited, granted to Louis XVI., 145;
of President of United States, 364;
history of, 366; summary for and
against, 368; Judge Story on, 384;
James Bryce upon, ii. 350
Vice-President, United States, i. 403;
no control over Senate, 404; ii. 17,
501

Victor Emmanuel, i. 7, 33, 58

public executive responsibility, ii.

445

WALPOLE, SIR ROBERT, i. 69
Wanamaker, Hon. John, i. 434; ii. 439
War, see Civil, in United States; dis-
traction from discord at home, i.
513; Great Britain declines, 516;
first attempt on Spain, 517; dangers
of foreign, 518; for the sake of war,
ii. 509

Washburne, Hon. E. B., i. 258, 260
Washington, city of, i. 422; ii. 17,
365; opinion not that of country,
515; steamer, 506
Washington, George, i. 41, 52, 53, 55;
appears in Senate, ii. 337, 405; fare-
well address, i. 492; ii. 522
Ways and Means, Committee of, i.
391, 398, 406, 433

Weber, George, "Universal History,"
i. 165, 167

Webster, Daniel, i. 454

Wellington, Duke of, i. 32, 102, 104, 188
Wesley, i. 41

West End Street Railway Company,
ii. 20

Whigs, i. 63, 68, 494

Whips, i. 69; and lobbyists, 387
Whitfield, i. 41

Wide suffrage, society for obtaining,
i. 28

Wilkes's bill against rotten boroughs,
i. 97

William and Mary, i. 26, 62, 180
William I. of Germany crowned at
Versailles, i. 286

Victoria, Queen, i. 63; ii. 205; her William III., i. 117; to work out gov-

reign, 264

Virginia, i. 9, 53, 55

Von Moltke, i. 41, 256, 270, 293
Vote, i. 4, 6, 7, 12, 37, 354; ii. 35, 56,
57, 499; adverse, 72, 75; the limited,
183; the cumulative, 183; single,
transferable on Hare system, 184;
compulsory, 187; plural, 158
Voters, i. 3-8, 379, 380, 409, 410,
426; in Belgium, ii. 206, 210; do
not select candidates, i. 415; no
power of doing so, 415; effect of
politics upon, 426; effect upon, of

ernment, 67; ministers complained
no control of Parliament, 84
William IV., i. 102, 187; ii. 205
Wilson, Woodrow, i. 390, 393, 394, 396,
397; ii. 364; as to power of Presi-
dent, i. 369

Woman suffrage, i. 13; ii. 189
Wolsey, President, i. 15
Workshops, municipal, France, i.
143; National, 1848, 228, 230
Wyoming, valley of, i. 54

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The Lesson of Popular Government, Volume 2