companies, which furnish franks to machine followers, "one of which is bossed by Senator Platt," with their thousands of men, can be counted on for great service to the machine; and the telegraph companies, whose State officials can be found at the inner Quay councils, with the thousands of employees distributed at every important point throughout the State, and before whom a large share of all important news must pass, constitute "one of the most dangerous parts of the Quay machine."
Such is the machine-the "franchise-granting, legislationselling, monopoly-fostering, corporation-protecting, taxationincreasing, liberty-destroying, and manhood-crushing machine," as Mr. Wanamaker calls it which governs Pennsylvania. It is the most extraordinary form of government ever developed on earth.
ABSTENTION of voters, France, i. 149, | Arnold, Matthew, i. 25
Act of Settlement, 1700, i. 63, 67, 83
Act of Union with Ireland, i. 69
Administration, i. 42, 49, 75; only
executive and not Congress rep-
resents, 389; failure in United
States illustrated by tariff, 435;
English tariff, 438; illustrated by
civil service reform, 440-52;
treatment of slavery, 452-58; sepa-
rate election fatal to, ii. 14; State
and Federal, 25; contrast of Fed-
eral and State, 416; Federal sys-
tem, 524
Agricultural distress in England, 1815-
30, i. 99
Alger, Hon. R. A., ii. 525
Algeria, ii. 308
Alsace and Lorraine, i. 34, 248, 255, 291
America, Central and South, i. 9, 34
Amos Sheldon, i. 93
Amsterdam, i. 7, 25, 33, 105
Anarchy, i. 43, 108; ii. 438; following
Roman Empire, i. 57; fundamental
defect of French Revolution, 165;
intellectual, in France, 183; and
despotism in France, 351
Ancien Régime, i. 19, 152
Anne, i. 63, 67, 69, 78, 79
Answers to questions in Parliament,
i. 87
Anti-biennial campaign in Massachu-
setts, ii. 56, 448
Appropriations, committee of, i. 391,
393, 406; recklessness of, 406
Aristocracy, i. 23, 43, 99, 104, 117;
France governed by, 1815-48, 187
Armenia, Great Britain and, ii. 521
Army, hope of all classes in France, i.
347; standing, England free from,
350; British, 98; ii. 469
Arnaud, St., General, i. 249
Ashley, Lord, Earl of Shaftesbury,
i. 26
Assembly, Constituent, France, i. 230;
National, France, 4, 135, 140, 154;
exclusion of king's ministers, 143;
mistakes of, 143, 146; not demo-
cratic, 143; municipal, of Greater
New York, ii. 143
Assignats, i. 165, 477, 483
Australia, i. 9, 34, 315
Average welfare, i. 25; ii. 245
BAGEHOT, WALTER, i. 45, 63, 66, 76,
92, 109, 111; ii. 356, 371, 448; as to
leaders, 376
Ballot Act in Great Britain, i. 3, 27, 30
Bank of England, note, i. 477, 483;
Act of 1844, 477; principle of, 478;
advantages of, 478
Bankrupts in England, i. 26
Banks, national, i. 464; their notes
discussed. 485
Banks, State, to Civil War, i. 480
Banquets, French, 1847, i. 193, 194;
proposed in Paris, 198
Barrot, Odilon, i. 190, 194; ii. 202
Belgium, constitution of 1831, 1893, i.
8; ii. 204; executive power in,
204; parties in, 206; voters in, 206,
210; political situation in, 210; city
government, 113
Berlin, government of, ii. 115
Bills, private need assistance of gov-
ernment, i. 81; initiative with Con-
gress and not executive, 432
Birmingham, i. 97, 101, 104; ii. 118;
system not suited to United States,
Bismarck, i. 32, 256, 262, 268, 270, 288;
ii. 228; new Richelieu, i. 253; op-
posed to siege of Paris, 279; warn-
ing to disarm National Guard, 280
Blackstone, i. 25, 66
Blaine, James G., i. 356, 371, 506, 507
Blanc, Louis, i. 192, 222, 225, 235, 236,
246; History of French Revolution,
233
Bodley, France, i. 332-345; Political
France, i. 332; substitute for his
views, 343
Bolingbroke, Lord, i. 86
Bonaparte, i. 239, 292; against Royal-
ists, 163
[298
Bonapartists, i. 240, 246, 289, 290, 294,
Bordeaux, i. 32, 274, 278; Assembly at,
288; Pact of, 294
Boroughs, bought and sold, i. 69
Boston, first charter, ii. 84; by Judges
Shaw and Curtis, 96; police com-
mission, 3, 29, 98; public schools,
89; finances, 90; rapid transit com-
mission, 33; referendum on same,
35; charter of 1885, 152
Boulanger, General, i. 313
Bourbon, i. 33, 242; last king, 179
Bowles, T. J., as to events in Paris, i.
266, 268
Brand, Sir H. B. W., i. 93, 94
Bribery, i. 2, 73; ii. 176, 434, 443
Bright, John, i. 29
Broglie, Duc de, i. 312, 320
Brooklyn, N.Y., charter 1880, ii. 132;
failure of responsibility, 136; Board
of Education, 139; Estimate and
Apportionment, 141
Brougham, Lord, i. 103
Brown, John, raid, i. 454
Brunswick, Duke of, i. 154
Bryan, William J., ii. 497
Bryce, Hon. James, i. 66, 332, 354, 390;
election of President, 355; why great
men are not presidents, 356; presi-
dential conventions, 372; issues in
campaign, 378; whips, 387; neces-
sity of organization for 356 men,
390; qualification of residence, 417;
why politics are not honorable, 418;
why best men do not enter, 420; im-
portance of State governments, ii. 1;
decline of same, 6; distrust of legis-
latures, 53; town and city govern-
ment, 73; county government in
Southern States, 79; direct legisla-
tion by the people, 189; comments
upon, 191; Cabinet in Congress, 342;
President's veto, 350; leaders, 376;
rigid constitutions, 388, 402; lawyers
and constitution, 407
Budget, English, i. 106; commission,
France, 122; French, 330; United
States, 466
Burke, Edmund, i. 24; ii. 244, 248
CABINET, government formed, i. 64;
Council of Charles II., 65; British,
nature of, 74-92; excluded from
legislature, 114; from Congress, 65;
to be admitted to, ii. 324; Judge
Story upon, 340; advantages of, 327;
effect on finances, 333; on responsi
bility of President, 335; precedents,
337; argument of committee, 337;
not copy of English system, 341;
case supposed, 351; need not resign
when defeated, 354; independent of
Congress, 349; consequences of this,
356; would not eclipse President,
357; responsible to President, not to
Congress, 358; discussed by Thomas
B. Reed, 362; simple experiment,
404; Congress source of opposition,
404; also precedent, 407; lobby
hardest of all, 409; executive advo-
cates, 411; means of promoting it,
412; must be sought through States,
412
Cahiers, i. 134, 158
Calonne, i. 133
Calvin, i. 41
Cameron, Simon, ii. 44
Canada, Dominion of, executive must
initiate appropriations, i. 408; ii.
315; French in, prolific, 317
Candidates, not selected by voters, i.
415; must reside in their districts,
417
Carlyle, i. 37; ii. 375
Carnot, President, i. 319
Cassation, Court of, i. 346, 348
Catholic, i. 63, 98; association, 98;
emancipation, 98, 102
Caucus, i. 388; system in Birmingham,
England, ii. 121
Cavaignac, General, i. 218, 230, 239
Cavour, i. 33, 58
Centralization, i. 124; ii. 41, 45, 104;
and concentration of power, 369;
in United States, 534
Chamber of Deputies, France, i. 6, 8, | City government, Belgium, ii. 113;
Chamberlain, Joseph, ii. 118
Chambord, Count de, i. 298
Chancellor of the Exchequer, i. 75, 106,
460, 477
Changarnier, General, i. 245, 246
Chanzy, General, i. 270
Charities, Paris, ii. 110; department
in plan of city charter, 466, 475
Charlemagne, i. 349
Italy, 113; Germany, 114; Birming-
ham, 118; London, 125; Brooklyn,
N.Y., 132; Board of Estimate and
Apportionment, 134, 141; New York
charter, 1884, 140; Quincy, Mass.,
137; Greater New York, 142; Boston
charter, 1885, 152; Philadelphia, 154;
Chicago, 155; St. Louis, 156; two
objects in reform of, 158; competi-
tion for good, 159
Charles I., i. 58, 117, 129; cause of war, Civil service, Paris, ii. 107; Act, 1853,
Charles II., i. 62, 65, 129, 179
Charles Albert, i. 7
Charter, French, 1814, i. 177; Boston,
1822, ii. 96; of 1885, 152; evolu-
tion of, 96; New York, 1884, 140;
Greater New York, 142; Brooklyn,
1880, 132; Philadelphia, 1885, 154;
plan of a city, 456
Chase, Salmon P., i. 481; mistaken
ideas of currency, 484; organized
national banks, 485
Chatham, Earl, on parliamentary re-
form, i. 97
Chicago, riots, 1894, i. 519; govern-
ment of, ii. 155; convention, 1876,
496
Church property, England and France,
i. 141
Church and State, England and France,
i. 31, 128
Circulation of money, rapidity of, i. 473
Cities, foundation of, i. 57; govern-
ment of, ii. 2, 73; number of, in
United States, 73; commissions for
executive work, 87; character of
public men, 94; formation of char-
ters, 96; dissatisfaction with gov-
ernment, 98; signs of improvement,
100; European, 103-129; French
outside of Paris, 111; one branch of
council or two, 189
City, i. 4; government dependent upon
State, ii. 2; Boston first in Massa-
chusetts, 82; theory of government,
82; first charter of Boston, 84; coun-
cil, analysis of, 88; reform must fol-
low that of State, 102; plan of a
charter, 456; microcosm of State and
nation, 492
i. 76; reform in Great Britain, 30,
68, 446; in India, 445; commission,
440; Congress opposed to, 440; rea-
sons of difference, England and
United States, 448; in government
or in people? 451; taken offices
from President, 364; replaced spoils
by money, 434, 443
Civil war, i. 29, 35, 40, 162; in England
averted, i. 101
Classes, i. 29, 42; commercial, 57;
separation of, in France and Eng-
land, 121; prosperous, first dis-
turbers in 1848, 234; growing strife
between, ii. 60; jealousy fomented
by government, 266
Clergy, attitude towards war, ii. 519
Cleveland, Grover, i. 354, 357, 373,
501; ii. 52, 496; first Democrat since
the war, i. 371; action for civil ser-
vice reform, 443; Venezuela message,
515; averts war with Spain, 518;
intervenes in Chicago, 519; message
to Congress, December, 1896, ii. 493
Clive and Warren Hastings, ii. 314
Cobden, Richard, i. 193, 212
Code Napoleon, i. 147; ii. 317
Colonial dominion of United States, ii.
317; prospect of, 318
Colonization, light upon history of
nations, ii. 282; not peculiar to
Anglo-Saxon race, 283
Committee of Public Safety, i. 19, 21,
155, 160, 165
Committees, i. 41, 46; on standing
orders, 83; of inquiry, select, 87;
system in France, 320; budget com-
mission, 322; substitute for cabinet
government, 390; of House of Rep-
resentatives, 392, 401; procedure of,
392; relation to legislation, 433; of
|