Civilian Labor Force, October 1943 THE civilian labor force declined seasonally by 700,000 persons between September and October 1943 to a total of 52,600,000, according to the Bureau of the Census Monthly Report on the Labor Force. During the month interval, unemployment decreased by 100,000 persons to a record low of 700,000. At the same time, agricultural employment declined by 600,000 persons, while the level of nonagricultural employment remained unchanged. TABLE 1.—Estimated Civilian Labor Force by Employment Status and Sex, in Selected Months, October 1940-October 19431 [Source: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census] 1 All data exclude persons in institutions. For the past year, the manpower requirements of industry have been met in large measure by the entrance of new workers into the civilian labor force. The ranks of the unemployed have been a secondary source of industrial recruitment, but unemployment is now at approximately a minimum level. Consequently, the future participation of nonworkers becomes increasingly essential to replace men entering the armed services and to meet war production schedules. In this connection, the period from April to October 1943 indicates that as yet there has been no slack in the participation of these new workers. The increase in the female civilian labor force from spring to autumn has been parallel for the past three years at 1,100,000. Correspondingly, the number of 14-19 year olds, if the number of teen-age boys in the armed forces is included, shows an increase similar to that of last year. In addition, the increase in the number of persons aged 55 and over during the April to October interval was 300,000 both in 1942 and in 1943. TABLE 2.-Estimated Civilian Labor Force, Employment and Unemployment, by Age and Sex, in September and October 1943 and October 1942 í [Source: U S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census] 2 Persons on public emergency work projects are included with the unemployed prior to July 1943. Less than 50,000. December 1943 Absenteeism Absence due to sickness. By Dan L. Lynch, M. D. (In Industrial Medicine, Chicago, September 1943, pp. 575-582, charts. 50 cents.) The writer believes that if absenteeism is to be properly measured and controlled, a uniform definition of absenteeism should be adopted by industrial establishments so that comparable records may be obtained. Because of the lack of adequate data he thinks the huge estimates of production losses from absenteeism should not be accepted without question. Sickness absenteeism among male and female industrial workers, 1933-42, inclusive. By W. M. Gafafer. (In Public Health Reports, Federal Security Agency, U. S. Public Health Service, Washington, August 13, 1943, pp. 1250-1254, chart. 5 cents, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.) Methods of controlling absenteeism. Washington, U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1943. 8 pp. (Serial No. R. 1548; reprinted from Monthly Labor Review, July 1943.) Free. Cost and Standards of Living Quantity and cost budget for dependent families or children—prices for San Francisco, March 1943. Berkeley, Calif., University of California, Heller Committee for Research in Social Economics, 1943. 57 pp.; mimeographed. 50 cents. Wartime budget for a single working woman-prices for San Francisco, March 1943. Berkeley, Calif., University of California, Heller Committee for Research in Social Economics, 1943. 17 pp.; mimeographed. 20 cents. Civilian apparel. By Kendrick Lee. Washington, Editorial Research Reports, 1013 Thirteenth Street NW., 1943. 14 pp. (Vol. II, 1943, No. 2.) $1. Gives the reasons for the drain on civilian clothing, namely, diversion of material and equipment for war goods and higher civilian purchasing power, and discusses the outlook on possible clothes rationing. Recent changes in the character of civilian textiles and apparel. Washington, U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1943. 14 pp. (Serial No. R. 1573; reprinted from Monthly Labor Review, September 1943.) Free. Cost-of-living quiz: Some common questions on the [Canadian] cost-of-living_index answered by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Ottawa, [Bureau of Statistics], 1943. 7 pp. Presentation in simple form of the composition of and wartime changes in the official index numbers of cost of living. Wartime pattern of saving and spending. By Charles Madge. Cambridge, England, University Press, 1943. 139 pp. 6s.($1.50, Macmillan Co., New York). (National Institute of Economic and Social Research, Occasional papers IV.) A scientific study of saving and spending among wage earners in Great Britain that was made under a grant from the National Institute of Economic and Social Research. EDITOR'S NOTE.-Correspondence regarding the publications to which reference is made in this list should be addressed to the respective publishing agencies mentioned. Where data on prices were readily available, they have been shown with the title entries. The amounts do not include postage, and also they are subject to change. Employment and Unemployment Municipal employment and pay rolls in large cities, 1929-38. Washington, U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1943. 28 pp. (Serial No. R. 1540; reprinted from Monthly Labor Review, June 1943, with additional data.) Free. Post-war employment. By Edward S. Conway. London, Jonathan Cape, 1943. 143 pp., charts. 8s. 6d. The greater part of this book is devoted to the problem of unemployed juveniles in Great Britain and attempts of the Government and private organizations to deal with it. There is a chapter on post-war education and employment problems of ex-servicemen and other adults. Comprehensive plans concerning the training and employment of both juveniles and adults after the war are outlined. The unemployed-I, Interpretation; II, Case studies. By Eli Ginzberg and others. New York and London, Harper & Bros., 1943. 418 pp. $4. Deals with the effect of unemployment on the unemployed. Case studies were made among families in New York City representing various religious groups. Family Allowances Cash allowances for the families and dependents of soldiers, sailors, and marines. By Otto E. Pfeiffenberger. New York, William Frederick Press, 1943. 60 pp. 50 cents. (Distributed by Pamphlet Distributing Co., 313 West 35th Street, New York City.) Explains provisions of the Federal Servicemen's Dependents Allowance Act of 1942, and, by means of tables and examples, the calculation of allowances under the act. A new plea for family allowances. By Eva M. Hubback. London, Family Endowment Society, 1943. 8 pp. 3d. Presents the case for family allowances, basing the arguments on justice, poverty, and population trends, shows existing State provisions for children in Great Britain, and gives estimates of the cost of family-allowance schemes. What price children? By F. Emerson Andrews. (In Atlantic Monthly, Boston, November 1943, pp. 94-99. 40 cents.) Recommends the introduction of cash allowances for children, to help parents meet the cost of their dependents. Gives the coverage, amount of benefits, source of funds, and estimated total cost of a suggested system of such allowances. Handicapped Workers Employment of physically handicapped-a review of wartime loss prevention information for industrial executives. Boston, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Loss Prevention Department, 1943. 8 pp. The physically handicapped. By Bernard D. Karpinos. (In Public Health Reports, Federal Security Agency, U. S. Public Health Service, Washington, October 22, 1943, pp. 1573-1592; charts. 5 cents, Superintendent of Documents, Washington.) The report is based on the National Health Survey of 1935-36. It deals particularly with orthopedic impairments and shows the extent of such disabilities, causes and types of the impairments, employment status of handicapped persons, and racial and economic factors. The physically handicapped in industrial establishments of the Government-possibilities for their increased placement. By Verne K. Harvey, M. D., and E. Parker Luongo, M. D. New York, American Medical Association, 1943. 8 pp. (Reprinted from Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 121, No. 2.) Use of handicapped workers in war industry. Washington, U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1943. 9 pp. (Serial No. R. 1574; reprinted from Monthly Labor Review, September 1943.) Free. Blind persons employed in war industries in the United States as of January 1, 1943. Washington, National Society for the Blind, Inc., 1943. 33 pp.; mimeographed. Issued in cooperation with Service for the Blind, U. S. Office of Education, this report lists the jobs filled by totally or partially blind persons in different companies, by type of job, wage rate, and age and sex of worker. Health and Industrial Hygiene Edited by Jack E. Weiss. 1021 answers to industrial health and safety problems. Cleveland, Ohio, Occupational Hazards, Inc., 1943. 699 pp., bibliographies, illus. $10. Conference on industrial health, Westminster, England, April 9-11, 1943-report of proceedings. London, Ministry of Labor and National Service, 1943. 107 pp. 1s. 6d. Proceedings of a conference which was called to emphasize the importance of industrial health and to elicit further suggestions for promoting it. Health and industrial efficiency: Scottish experiments in social medicine. Edin 1s. burgh, Department of Health for Scotland, 1943. 56 pp. Report on various experimental studies in Scotland on certain aspects of the preservation and restoration of working capacity, dealing especially with an investigation of long-term incapacity for work and an account of the Clyde Basin experiment in preventing the break-down of workers, especially young workers. Chronic pulmonary disease in South Wales coal miners: I, Medical studies; II, Environmental studies. London, Medical Research Council, 1942 and 1943. 2 vols., 222 pp. each. (Special report series Nos. 243 and 244.) 10s. 6d. each. Tuberculosis survey among the employees of Santiago, Chile. By Benjamin Viel, M. D., and Eduardo A. Jelic, M. D. (In American Journal of Public Health, New York, September 1943, pp. 1088-1092. 50 cents.) Results of physical examinations of over 25,000 of the approximately 69,000 persons in Santiago insured under the preventive medicine law. A total of 889 active cases of tuberculosis, or 3.50 percent, was found, and 1,113, or 4.35 percent, had signs of residual tuberculosis. No relationship was found between economic status and the incidence of the disease although there was a more favorable response to treatment among the higher-income patients. Industrial Accidents and Workmen's Compensation 44 National safety competition of 1942. By W. W. Adams and T. D. Lawrence. Causes and prevention of injuries from falls in shipyards. Washington, U. S. (Serial No. R. 1582; reprinted from Free. Summary and analysis of accidents on steam railways in the United States subject State workmen's compensation legislation in 1943. Olycksfall i arbete åren 1934-1938. 147 pp. Free. Washington, U. S. Bureau of 1565; reprinted from Monthly Stockholm, Riksförsäkringsanstalten, 1943. Report on industrial accidents and diseases and compensation therefor in Sweden during the period 1934 to 1938. Printed in Swedish with a résumé in French, and French equivalents of the table of contents and certain other items. Industrial Relations The handbook of industrial relations. Edited by John Cameron Aspley and Eugene Whitmore. Chicago, Dartnell Corp., 1943. 1055 pp. $10. The book presents the views, the tested methods, the experience, and the practices of companies which have been successful in building sound relationships with their employees, both in the plant and in the office. 560488-43-15 |