This is to provide for the development, training, and related expenses of Indian school boards.

Summer programs provide remedial instruction to help Indian youth overcome academic deficiencies, and provide field trips, recreational and camping experience to broaden the background of the children from inadequate homes.

Examples of recent accomplishments.

Federal school education. The Bureau's total education program is remedial and compensatory in nature to help educationally and socially deprived children overcome handicaps growing out of poverty and isolation. The long range objective is to place Indian students on an equal footing with children from more stable environments and English speaking homes. In 1968, Federal facilities were provided 55,799 Indian children; 4,204 were housed in Federal dormitories and attended public schools and 51,595 were enrolled in Bureau schools. 05 this enrollment 74 percent were in elementary grades and 26 percent were in high school grades and post high classes. A total of 2,041 students graduated from Bureau high schools and 403 students received certificates of completion from post high classes.

An

Bureau schools opened 34 kindergarten classes in the fall of 1968. Each classroom is staffed with a teacher and a bilingual Indian teacher aide. orientation program was held for all kindergarten staff prior to the opening of school.

National Indian Advisory Committee on Education. This 16-member committee was established in 1967 to establish greater interest among Indians in educational programs, encourage parental and community involvement in school programs, and to improve the level of education and training of Indian people. Five meetings were held with the Advisory Committee in 1968 for exchange of information, discussions of school problems, and their solutions, and recommendations for future programs and joint participation in education matters.

Summer Programs. Summer programs were carried out in cooperation with Indian tribes and in 1968 served 19,748 Indian children as compared with 2,200 in 1960. Summer programs emphasize academic achievement, thus preparing a greater number of high school students to enter college. These activities are conducted in localities which are not participating in comparable Office of Economic Opportunity programs.

C

Adult Education and Community Development:

Fiscal Year 1969, $1,333,000; fiscal

year 1970, $2,283,000; increase, $950,000. The increase consists of:

The goal of the Community Development Program is to train and sensitize Bureau staff and Indian leadership alike so that the Federal-Indian relationship can be redefined as one in which tribes assume increasing management over and responsibilities for programs, services, and municipal functions which in the past have been performed for Indians.

A more rapid development of Indian self-sufficiency is impeded by the total or functional illiteracy of many Indian adults. It is estimated that about 75,000 Indian adults are functionally illiterate at the present time. The national average for the 25 and over age group with less than five years of formal schooling is 8.3%. For the American Indian the rate is 27%. (Data from the 1960 census). This compares with an estimated illiteracy rate of American Indian adults of approximately 40%. Functional literacy being defined as ability to perform at 5th grade level, an ability not assured by simply spending years in school.

Special emphasis will be placed in contracting with universities and other agencies to establish community development pilot projects in which a transitional position between the Bureau and the Indian people is occupied. Increase required, $400,000.

In order to advance the Community Development thrust in the Bureau, two skilled community development Specialists are requested for two of the eleven Area Offices presently without these positions, and for a special project Community Development team of five persons. One clerical position is also requested. Increase required, $150,000.

Community Development training activities will influence at least 3,000 Indian people and BIA employees in Fiscal 1970. Increase required for training, $55,000. The Community Development thrust also requires an expansion of the support services furnished by Adult Education. These additions are proposed: (1) contract funds to hire additiona! part-time teachers in Basic Literacy and High School GED preparation ($30,000); (2) grant and contract funds for special pilot projects in Adult Education ($100,000); (3) develop Adult Education programs at eight locations now without Adult Education activities ($120,000); (4) increase professional training activities ($20,000); (5) built-in program costs occasioned by increased Ludent enrollment ($75,000).

Program of Work. The major duties of the Area Community Development Officer will include BIA staff training; training Indian leaders in community development principles; developing and guiding community development projects; supervising university and other contracts; and in developing sources of assistance available to all citizens. Professional standards equal to those of the State Department in hiring community development specialists for assignments abroad will be required.

In a five-year period, the proposed adult education program can reduce the present 40% rate of Indian adult illiteracy (75,000 out of 200,000 adult service population) to a rate of 25%. At that time, up to 10,000 Indian Adults will be in training. If continued for ten years the Indian adult education program can assist in bringing the Indian population to within 5% of the national average for literacy.

Examples of recent accomplishments. During the past year there have been significant accomplishments in increased Indian self-sufficiency through the community development program.

The Salt River Tribal Council has contracted with the Bureau of Indian Affairs to take over the entire law and order program which formerly was managed by the BIA. The Agency Criminal Investigator, and five other federal law and order positions have been eliminated. In addition, the Tribe now contracts with the Bureau to operate a comprehensive social services program which has reduced the federal staff by two positions. Since April 1968, eight federal positions at this Agency have been dropped.

The Yankton Sioux Tribe, which had the resident service of a BIA community development specialist for an eight-month period earlier this year, is negotiating for maximum activities to be handled by the Tribe under contract.

The Portland Area Office, under a contract with Central Washington State College at Ellensburg, has funded a community development specialist who will occupy a position intermediate between the Tribes of Western and Central Washington and the Bureau of Indian Affairs. His function is to stimulate increased Tribal selfsufficiency so they themselves will increasingly assume programs, which in the past have been handled for them by BIA.

Finally, in the area of Adult Education, a similar contract with the Salt River Tribe of Arizona has been let to assist people to be more involved in the menagement of individual allotments. As a result of this, more than 800 of 1,500 owners of alloted land have unitized their lands, have appointed "unit spokesmen" and have directly leased more than 5,000 acres of agricultural land, as well es several parcels of commercial acreage.

A. General Assistance:

Fiscal year 1969, $7,152,000; fiscal year 1970,

$9,402,000; increase, $2,250,000. The increase consists of:

As in other areas with a high degree of poverty Indian reservation communities are beset with social problems including family instability; alcoholism, the need for direct financial assistance to provide daily necessities; and a need for an opportunity to be productively employed. The Federal Government has assumed responsibility for providing financial assistance and other social services to residents of reservation communities who do not receive State and county assistance.

Program increases will provide general assistance to 21,500 persons at a cost of $9 million or an increase of $1.9 million over fiscal year 1969. This represents no increase over the estimated 1969 caseload, and approximately 450 more persons than the actual caseload for 1968. This estimate anticipates that the activities of Employment Assistance, Industrial Development, and other anti-poverty programs will compensate for other factors such as population increase and decrease of unskilled seasonal labor opportunities, which in the past have increased the need for assistance. It assumes, also, that the fishing season in Alaska will return to the normal level thereby reducing caseload. However, it also takes into consideration the 1967 amendments to the Social Security Act requiring States to adjust State public assistance standards not later than July 1, 1969, in accordance with increased living costs. This will increase the

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number of persons eligible for assistance as well as increasing unit costs of assistance. Increased eligibility will compensate for any reduction in the Alaskan caseload.

The tribal work experience programs, which enable recipients of general assistance to do constructive work instead of being idle, were begun on a pilot basis. Where the programs are in operation, tribes prefer them to direct assistance which does not involve work, and additional tribes are interested in beginning such programs. Increase required $350,000.

Program of Work: General assistance will be provided to needy Indians on reservations who are not eligible for public assistance under the Social Security Act (Old Age Assistance, Aid to the Blind, Aid to Families with Dependent Children, and Aid to the Permanently and Totally Disabled) and for whom such assistance is not available from established welfare agencies or through tribal resources. Where possible, general assistance will be accompanied by rehabilitative services leading toward individual self-sufficiency. Tribes will be encouraged and assisted to develop work projects for employable recipients of general assistance. These expanded tribal work experience programs will provide work opportunities for an additional 500 employable persons who would otherwise receive welfare assistance.

B.

Other Welfare Assistance: Fiscal year 1969, $3,283,000; fiscal year 1970, $4,183,000; increase $900,000.

(1) Child Welfare: Fiscal year 1969, $3,153,000; fiscal year 1970, $4,053,000; increase $900,000. The increase consists of:

The proposed Child Welfare Program will require increased funding of $0.9 million, all of a built-in nature. An additional 200 children will receive child welfare assistance costing $0.3 million in fiscal year 1970 bringing the total caseload to 3,700. Increased unit costs for the 3,500 cases carried over from 1969 amounts to $0.6 million.

Program of Work: Necessary foster care and appropriate institutional care will be provided for dependent, neglected, and handicapped Indian children from reservations for whom such care is not available through established welfare agencies.

Miscellaneous assistance in the amount of $130,000, no increase over previous year, will provide burials for needy Indians and for other costs related to welfare programs, including arrangements with some needy tribes for meeting some of the costs of the surplus food commodities programs for needy Indian families. Social Services: Fiscal year 1969, $4,547,000; fiscal year 1970, $4,547,000.

C.

No change.