duty, because it is necessary to the performance of his other duties, and the attainment of his other ends. If he does not make his business answer, all his plans and arrangements for the improvement of his workmen, however wise or benevolent, necessarily fall to the ground. Thirdly, it is his first duty, because, when the existence of numbers is bound up in his success, any failure or catastrophe on his part involves numbers in misery.— Quarterly Review.

Captain Stansbury, the leader of the United States surveying expedition to the region of the Salt Lake, in his official report to Government, bears this testimony to the value of the Sabbath :— I here beg to record, as the result of my experience, derived not only from my present journey, but from the observation of many years spent in the performance of similar duties, that as a mere matter of pecuniary consideration, apart from all higher obligations, it is wise to keep the Sabbath. More work can be obtained from both men and animals by its observance than where the whole seven days are uninterruptedly devoted to labour.

FRUGALITY.

To make our industry more certainly successful, we must add to it frugality. A man may, if he knows not how to save as he gets, "keep his nose all his life to the grindstone, and die not worth a groat at last." "If you would be wealthy, think of saving, as well as of getting." The Indies have not made Spain rich, because her outgoings are greater than her incomings. Away, then, with expensive follies, and you will not then have so much cause to complain of hard times, heavy taxes, and chargeable families. "What maintains one vice would bring up two children.”

Beware of little expenses; "Buy what is needful." Many a one, for the sake of finery, has gone hungry and half-starved.

"A ploughman on his legs is higher than a gentleman on his knees." "If you would know the worth of money, go and try to borrow some; for he that goes a borrowing, goes a sorrowing."

"It is easier to suppress the first desire, than to satisfy all that follow it." "Pride that dines on Vanity, sups on Contempt; Pride breakfasted with Plenty, dined with Poverty, and supped with Infamy."

Think what you do when you run into debt; you give to another power over your liberty. If you cannot pay at the time, you will be ashamed to see your creditor; you will be in fear when you speak to him; you will make poor, pitiful, sneaking excuses, and, by degrees, come to lose your veracity, and sink into base, downright lying. "The second vice is lying, the first running into debt," and again, "Lying rides on Debt's back," whereas a freeborn Englishman ought not to be ashamed nor afraid to see or speak to any man living.

Gain may be temporary and uncertain; but ever, while you live, expense is constant and certain.

it

In families, as with nations, the best source of wealth is economy; may well be said that economy is half the battle of life.

Sir Thomas Chambers, Q.C., M.P., in speaking on "Thrift," observed that it was an excellent old English word, which implied a consideration of the future and the providing beforehand for a rainy day. It happens, he said, to every man to have "to turn corners," and very often at such times the wind was strongly against him, but once having got round the corner, he was all right again. A fund to fall back upon was a great saving from anxiety and embarrassment.

FAILURE.

NEVER be cast down by trifles.

If a spider breaks his web
Make up your mind

twenty times, twenty times will he mend it.

It is related of

to do a thing, and you will do it. Try again. Timour, the great conqueror, that he was once forced, in flying from his enemies, to hide in an old ruined building, where he sat alone many hours. He tried to turn his mind from his troubles and to forget danger, by watching very closely an ant,

that was carrying a grain of corn larger than itself up a high wall. In its effort to get up, he found that the grain fell sixty-nine times to the ground; but the seventieth time, the ant reached the top of the wall with it. "This sight," said Timour, "gave me hope and courage at the moment, and I have never forgotten the lesson taught me by the little ant."

Now, when you have a difficult task, and have tried sixty-nine times in vain, try again; there is yet hope of success in the seventieth effort. You surely would be ashamed to show less perseverance than this little insect. And yet how much might man learn, even from the inferior animals, if he would but see and think!

The greatest orators, from Demosthenes down to the present time, have failed at first. The shouts of laughter with which Mr. Disraeli's maiden speech was received by an assembly generally indulgent to first attempts, did not crush the aspirant for power. He, like Sheridan, felt that there was something in him, and he merely uttered a prophecy, since fulfilled-"The time will come when you shall listen to me." In a memoir of the life of the celebrated preacher, Robert Hall, by Dr. Gregory, it is stated that, when a student at Bristol, he had to preach in his turn at Broadmead Chapel; after proceeding for a short time, he suddenly stopped, covered his face, and exclaimed, "I have lost all my ideas," and sat down. The second attempt was a failure Hall tried again—we know with what

more painful to witness.

success.

A respectable tradesman, with a large family, having sustained a serious loss of property by the failure of some relations for whom he had become security, was asked by a friend (after he had pulled through his liabilities) what means he had adopted to surmount difficulties which would have crushed the spirit and damped the energies of ninety-nine out of a hundred. "By two very simple expedients," was the reply; "one was to sell my horse and gig, and the other to buy two new aprons."

It is far from being true, in the progress of knowledge, that after every failure we must re-commence from the beginning. Every

failure is a step to success; every detection of what is false directs us towards what is true; every trial exhausts some tempting form of error. Not only so; but scarcely any attempt is entirely a failure; scarcely any theory, the result of steady thought,' is altogether false; no tempting form of error is without some latent charm derived from truth.

ADVICE TO YOUNG PERSONS INTENDED
FOR TRADE.

Remember that Time is Money.-He that can earn ten shillings a day at his labour and goes abroad or sits idle one-half the day, though he spends but sixpence during his diversion or idleness, ought not to reckon that the only expense; he has really spent or thrown away five shillings besides.

Remember that Credit is Money.—If a man lets his money be in my hands after it is due, because he has a good opinion of my credit, he gives me the interest, or so much as I can make of the money during that time. This amounts to a considerable sum where a man has large credit and makes good use of it.

Remember that Money is of a Prolific or Multiplying Nature.Money can produce money, and its offspring can produce more, and so on. Five shillings turned is six, turned again it is seven and threepence, and so on until it becomes a hundred pounds. The more there is of it, the more it produces every turning, so that the profits rise quicker and quicker. He that throws away a crown destroys all that it might have produced, even scores of pounds.

Remember that Six Pounds a Year is but a Groat a Day.-For this little sum (which may be daily wasted either in time or expense unperceived), a man of credit may, on his own security, have the constant possession and use of a hundred and twenty pounds. So much in stock, briskly turned by an industrious man, produces great advantage.

Remember this saying, "The good paymaster is lord of another

man's purse."-He that is known to pay punctually and exactly to the time he promises, may at any time and on any occasion raise all the money his friends can spare. This is sometimes of great use. Next to industry and frugality, nothing contributes. more to the raising of a man in the world than punctuality and justice in all his dealings; therefore, never keep borrowed money an hour beyond the time promised, lest a disappointment shut up your friend's purse for ever.

The most trifling actions that affect a man's credit are to be regarded. The sound of the hammer at five in the morning or nine at night, heard by a creditor, makes him easy six months longer :. but if he sees you at a billiard-table, or hears 'your voice at a tavern, when you should be at work, he sends for his money the next day, and demands it before it is convenient for you to pay

him.

Beware of thinking all your own that you possess, and of living accordingly.--This is a mistake that many people who have credit fall into. To prevent this, keep an exact account for some time,. both of your expenses and income. If you take the pains at first to enumerate particulars, it will have this good effect, you will discover how wonderfully small trifling expenses mount up to large sums; and will discern what might have been, and may for the future be saved, without occasioning any great inconvenience.

In short, the way to wealth, if you desire it, is as plain as the way to market. It depends chiefly on two things, industry and frugality; that is, waste neither time nor money, but make the best use of both.

THE BEST SCHOOL.

THE most prolific school of all has been the school of difficulty. Some of the very best workmen have had the most indifferent tools to work with. But it is not tools that make the workman, but the trained skill and perseverance of the man himself. Indeed, it is proverbial that the bad workman never yet had a good tool. Ferguson made marvellous things, such as his wooden clock,