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wage and hour enforcement is a primary area for increased

enforcement.

1. The Farm Labor Contract Registration Act, as
amended December, 1974, contains a provision pro-
hibiting the knowing employment of illegal aliens.
A similar provision should be incorporated into all
other important labor standards' and labor relations'
laws, and should be accompanied with commensurate
increases in resources for enforcing such provisions.
2. The INS and Wage and Hour Enforcement Division
of the Department of Labor jointly should sponsor
a pilot project in a large metropolitan area where
there is evidence that substantial numbers of illegal
aliens reside. The greater New York City area is
an example since there are currently less than 50
compliance investigators working there. It would
involve:

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In addition to more effective coordination with the above agencies, INS can take steps internally to more

optimally allocate its resources and improve its ability to cope with illegal immigration. Although the Service

Conse

has sought additional resources, it has also recognized the need to improve current methods of operation. quently, a number of evaluations and consultant studies have been undertaken.

INS is often buffeted between competing pressures. This competition is markedly shown in the inspection for admission process. At ports of entry, emphasis is frequently placed on speedy facilitation of entry to the detriment of careful screening of applicants. Screening for fraud can be a laborious process and tends to mitigate against facilitation. However, to some extent, this can be overcome by careful staffing, training and motivation of personnel. The Service should not maximize its presence at all ports of entry, but instead assign its personnel to critical and heavily used points in a manner which deploys them at peak traffic times.

Currently about 91 percent of all inspections are performed at land border ports and about 65 percent of these are along the Southwest border.

Illegal entry is detected

through ports along the Southern border eight times as often

as at ports along the Northern border. In FY 1974, for

every workyear devoted to primary inspection 207 aliens

were denied entry on the Northern border and 1,839 aliens were denied entry on the Southwest border.

However, only

23 percent of the inspections work force is stationed along

the Southwest border, while 37 percent of all the inspections 20/ workforce is on the Northern border.

Along the border, the Service is also investigating

the efficacy of using certain border patrol staffing patterns that involve flooding areas at peak times in an effort to maximize apprehensions. This effort should be coupled with continuing experiments for improving the configuration and placement of sensor systems.

Finally, some joint ADP and Telecommunication development and sharing between INS, the U. S. Customs Service and the Drug Enforcement Administration has a wide range of potential benefits. Some INS and Customs personnel at field offices around the country are frequently co-located; the use of remote ADP terminals and the development of a common communication network could result in significant cost

savings.

For example, it appears feasible that INS' Alien Documentation, Identification and Telecommunication system could use the existing Customs Service's ADP and communication network.

20/ There are 147 land ports on the U.S.-Canadian border and 40 on the U.S.-Mexican border.

Therefore, it is recommended that INS:

1. Develop expanded and ongoing training of supervisory

and journeyman personnel.

This is particularly important

for an agency which is undergoing so much change.

two years.

There

will be considerable turnover within INS over the next Added to the large numbers of new personnel received in recent budgets are the impending retirements brought about by the Law Enforcement Officers Retirement

Act.

2. Continue to place emphasis on evaluation techniques, process studies and simulation models that offer the prospect of improving the current deployment

of resources.

In striving to achieve this goal, INS should take full advantage of the wide range of technical services that are available within the federal government.

3. Investigate the feasibility of applying alternative enforcement techniques. This could include but would

not be confined to: expansion of preclearance inspection operations abroad, development of specialized investigative units to combat smuggling, and expanded use of investigations at overseas posts.

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While further interagency efforts are quite necessary and hold promise for improving overall immigration enforcement, such initiatives must be augmented by legislative improvements which seek to diminish the strength of the pull factors drawing people to enter and remain illegally in the U. S. Stronger checks, referred to as disincentives are intended to (1) create additional impediments for those persons who are contemplating illegal entry or who intend to violate their status while in the United States; (2) deny various benefits to persons who clearly act in circumvention of the law; and (3) attempt to lessen the effect of the immigration law where it currently works in a manner contrary to its stated purposes. As current conditions exist, there

are many persons who use their very illegality to gain immigration status and preference under the system. This is unfair and tends to undermine the whole immigration system. It is unrealistic to hope that we can be completely successful in preventing an alien from entering the United States illegally, or remaining in violation of law if he succeeds in entering lawfully. However, the problem can be mitigated by reducing the incentives for illegal immigration. Those incentives are essentially economic.

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