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THE DRESS AND ORGANIZATION OF THE GERMAN ARMY IN 1881.

The Guard Division constitutes a strong corps d'armée complete in every respect, and with the exception of two regiments at Spandau and one at Coblentz, is permanently stationed in Berlin or at Potsdam. It comprises four regiments of Foot Guards, one of Fusiliers, four of Grenadiers, and two battalions of Rifles-total, twenty-nine battalions; one regiment Garde du Corps, one of Cuirassiers, two of Dragoon Guards, one of Hussars, and three of Uhlans-forty squadrons; two regiments Horse and one Foot Artillery; one battalion of Pioneers; one regiment of Military Train; besides which there is a corps of Gendarmerie, and a company of Palace Guards; also a company of Guards Invalids.

The Guards as well as the Line wear a dark-blue single-breasted tunic, with scarlet collar and cuffs, shoulder-straps varying in colour. The Guards are distinguished from the Line both in Prussia and in the minor states by white lace bars on the collar.

With the exceptions hereafter stated, the whole army wear dark-blue trousers, with a red seam, precisely similar to those of the British infantry. The helmets of the Guards are plumed with white, excepting the Fusilier Guards, who wear black. The forage-cap is blue, with a scarlet band. The 1st Foot Guards and 1st Grenadier Guards have white shoulder-straps; 2nd Foot Guards and 2nd Grenadiers, scarlet; Fusiliers, 3rd Guards, and rd Grenadiers, yellow; 4th Grenadiers and 4th Guards, sky-blue

ones. The 1st Foot Guards (mounted officers excepted) wear a conical head-dress of the pattern in vogue during the reign of Frederick the Great. The Guard Rifles are dressed in dark green, with scarlet facings for one battalion, black, with red piping, for the other. All Rifle corps wear shakos with black plumes.

The Garde du Corps and the Cuirassiers of the Guard have brass helmets surmounted by an eagle; white tunics (facings for the former scarlet, for the latter, sky-blue), white shoulder-straps with scarlet or sky-blue piping. The Garde du Corps have black, the Cuirassiers brass cuirasses. The Garde du Corps officers' court dress is deep red. All Cuirassiers and Dragoon Guards have kettledrums.

The 1st and 2nd Dragoon Guards wear the usual helmet with blue and white plumes; sky-blue tunics, scarlet facings; shoulder-straps-1st, gold lace, 2nd, silver lace. The Hussars of the Guards wear scarlet tunics, five rows of gold braid, scarlet busby-bags and forage caps, white plumes; gold lace on the overalls. Prussian Hussars have no facings.

The three regiments of Guards Uhlans, or Lancers, are in dark-blue tunics, and wear the usual Lancer cap, the upper part colour of lappels, and a white plume; 1st Regiment, scarlet facings and white lappels; white scale shoulder-straps; silver lace on collar; 2nd Regiment, scarlet facings, lappels and shoulder-straps, gold lace; 3rd Regiment, yellow facings, lappels and shoulder-straps, silver lace.

The Horse Artillery of the Guard wear dark-blue tunics, black facings, gold lace, scarlet shoulderstraps, helmet with white plume. The Foot Artillery only differ in the colour of shoulder-straps, which is white.

Guards Pioneer similar to Foot Artillery, except silver lace and black plumes. The Guard Military Train wear shakos with black plumes, light-blue tunics, and sky-blue facings and shoulder-straps.

Gendarmerie of Guards wear a brass helmet with blue and white plumes; dark green tunic, with scales

like the Lancers; sky-blue collar and cuff with scarlet piping; gold collar lace.

The Palace Guard Company are in dark blue, scarlet collar, with white piping, and shoulder-straps, blue cuffs.

The Guard Invalids wear forage caps only, plain dark-blue tunic, scarlet collar, and white shoulderstraps.

II. INFANTRY OF THE LINE.

Though numbering up to 134, the 127th Regiment has yet to be formed. The twelve oldest regiments are styled Grenadiers, and wear black plumes. The 89th Mecklemburg Grenadiers, 100th and 101st Saxon Grenadiers, 109th and 110th Baden Grenadiers, 115th Hesse-Darmstadt Guards, 119th and 123rd Wurtemburg Grenadiers, also wear plumes. The 33rd to 40th, 73rd Hanoverians, 80th Hessians, 87th Schleswig-Holstein, 90th Mecklemburg are Fusilier regiments, with no particular distinctive dress.

The 1st to 72nd are old Prussian regiments; but after the conquests and annexations in 1866, a considerable addition was made to the army, and the contingents of the minor states, Bavaria excepted, were incorporated with the German Army; thus the 73rd, 74th 77th and 79th are Hanoverians. The 75th and 76th are furnished by the Hanse Towns. The 80th, 81st, 82nd and 83rd are Hessians. The 84th, 85th and 86th are Schleswig-Holsteiners. The 87th and 88th represent the army of the ex-Grand Duke of Nassau; 89th and 90th Mecklenburgers; 91st from Oldenburg; the 92nd are Black Brunswickers; 93rd, Anhalters; 94th, 95th and 96th are Thuringian regiments, but the 97th, 98th, 99th, 128th, 129th, 130th, 131st and 132nd, which have just been formed, are Prussians. The 128th to 132nd were formed in Alsace and Lorraine.

The Saxon contingent are numbered 100 to 108; the latter regiment, being Rifles, wear green, with black facings. After the Saxons the Badeners take rank, from 109 to 114. The four grand ducal corps of Hesse-Darmstadt number 115 to 118. Then

come the Wurtemburg infantry (distinguished by double-breasted tunics), filling up the numbers from 119 to 126; while the two junior regiments, 133rd and 134th, have just been formed in Saxony.

Though, as already stated, the German infantry are all dressed pretty much alike in helmets, dark blue tunics, with scarlet collars and cuffs, there exist certain minor distinctions that are worth notice. The shoulder-straps vary in colour, from scarlet to white, yellow, green, sky-blue.

The Saxons have dark blue shoulder-straps, with red piping and blue sleeves-slashes, most of the others wearing scarlet ones. The Guard regiments of the smaller states wear white or yellow lace on the collars, and these corps wear black or white plumes. The 92nd Brunswickers, who form part of the permanent garrison of Metz, are dressed in shacos with black plumes, black tunics with sky-blue facings and shoulder-straps, and wear on their headdress a skull and the word "Peninsula," also their duke's initial with the words " Immote Fides."

The 1st, or Crown Prince's Regiment, have the date 1619, and the 9th Foot, Colberg, 1807, on the helmet. The 1st and 2nd battalions, 34th, and two companies of the 33rd, bear a scroll denoting they were once the Queen of Sweden's Life Guards. The 115th Hessian Guards have the date 1621 on a gold band encircling the helmet. No. 9 company of the 117 Hessians wears a wreathed anchor on their caps.

The 1st company 89th Mecklemburg Grenadier Regiment wear bearskin caps on state occasions. The Fusiliers, 33rd to 40th, the 73rd, 80th, 86th, 89th, 92nd, 100th to 120th, the 133rd and 134th, wear black accoutrements, the rest of the infantry white. Band and drummers (92nd excepted) wear red plumes. There are various little distinctions in dress too minute to be worth recording. There are fourteen battalions of Rifles. They wear shacos and black plumes; the 1st to 11th are in dark green, with scarlet collars, cuffs and shoulder-straps; the 12th and 13th Saxons are faced with black with red

piping, while the 14th Mecklemburgers wear dark blue tunics with light green facings piped with scarlet.

Thus the German Infantry of the Line consists of 413 battalions, each on the war footing of 1,002 men. Sergeants wear gold lace round collar and cuff, and corporals a gilt button on each side of the collar.

A German cavalry regiment consists of five squadrons, the fifth forming the depôt in war time. The dress is far more showy and varied than that of the infantry. Exclusive of the Guards, this branch of the service consists of eight regiments Cuirassiers, twenty-six regiments Dragoons, nineteen regiments Hussars, twenty regiments Lancers, one regiment Saxon Guards, one regiment Saxon Reiters-total, 375 squadrons.

The Cuirassiers wear white metal helmets, no plumes, white tunics, forage caps, and shoulderstraps; band of forage cap colour of facing, which in 1st Regiment is black; 2nd, crimson; 3rd, sky-blue; 4th scarlet; 5th, pink; 6th, dark-blue; 7th, yellow, and 8th, bright green. White breeches and long boots are worn. They are all Prussians, and the 3rd is called after the late Field-Marshal Wrangel. The 2nd Regiment is permitted to wear on the helmet the words, "Hohenfriedburg, 4 June, 1745," in commemoration of their gallantry in one of Frederick the Great's early victories. Cuirassiers and Dragoon Guards have kettledrums. The former wear brass cuirasses, and officers in undress dark blue tunics.

Dragoons wear helmets of infantry pattern with black plumes, the Badeners and Wurtemburgers excepted, who have white ones. The forage cap is the colour of the tunic, band that of facing. The 23rd Hessian Dragoon Guards wear dark-green tunics, with scarlet facings and shoulder-straps; the 24th Hessian Life Regiment, dark-green with white facings and shoulder-straps, while the other twentyfour corps are uniformly dressed in sky-blue tunics,