could predict the true extent and importance of Arctic matters. The present result, therefore, is, unavoidably, a hodgepodge patchwork of piecemeal expansion. When back-alley garages and rented laundries serve as laboratories, it is no wonder that Government service experiences the loss of trained scientists and engineers about which we are so much concerned. RESTORATION REQUESTED If the requested $1,291,000 is not restored for this item, it would appear that we would have to resort shortly to the penny-wise, poundfoolish course of expanding and relocating existing facilities when suitable rented quarters could be obtained. This would be all the more deplorable in view of the fact that funds in the amount of $2,496,000 to go ahead with this high-priority item were provided in the fiscal year 1958 budget. This was intended at the time to be complete funding. Unfortunately, when designs were detailed and current costs were taken into consideration, these funds were found to be inadequate in the amount now being asked. It is my earnest hope that the restoration requested will be made so that this vital work will not be held up approximately a year. The need has long since been established. The location in connection with Dartmouth College has long been determined. This choice is excellent because of the pool of trained scientists and engineers available, the climate conditions, and the nearby location of the joint armed services experimental work at the summit of Mount Washington. Senator CHAVEZ. Thank you, Senator Bridges. We will next hear from Commander Ring, of the Navy. DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY STATEMENT OF COMDR. ELI D. RING, USN, PLANNING AND GENERAL SURFACE REQUIREMENTS BRANCH, SURFACE WARFARE DIVISION, OFFICE OF DEPUTY CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS (FLEET OPERATIONS AND READINESS) LORAN STATIONS Commander RING. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, the appropriation, "Loran stations, Department of Defense," provides funds which are advanced to the Coast Guard for the construction of loran stations in accordance with the defense requirement approved by the Joint Chiefs of Staff for the extension of loran coverage. Loran transmitting stations permit safe and effective operation of ships, submarines, and aircraft of the military services in all kinds of weather, day or night, by an electronic system which provides continuous navigational positions by means of intersecting lines of position. Recent improvements in the loran system have made it necessary to revise our long-range planning to make the best use of the improvements and still utilize fully the existing installations. The loran system will consist of loran A, previously known as standard loran; loran B, new short-distance, precision loran; loran C, new long-distance, high-accuracy loran. These three modes of loran transmissions are being integrated into a single system of navigation. The existing loran receivers in use throughout the world can be modified at low cost to permit use of any part of the loran system. The entire system works day or night in good weather and bad weather. Greatly improved accuracy and coverage, urgently needed in this era of rapidly changing weapons systems, is provided by loran B and C. The construction of additional loran A stations will be limited to those foreign areas for which agreements have been completed or are in their final stages of negotiation and for the extension of one domestic chain. It is planned to avoid duplicating any loran coverage except in those areas where loran A will not meet the accuracy requirements. There are several areas of the world in which there is little or no navigational coverage at this time. The appropriation requested for fiscal year 1959 will provide coverage in at least three of these areas. There will remain certain additional areas to be covered in succeeding years. NECESSITY FOR LORAN COVERAGE The necessity for Loran coverage rests primarily on the fact that the military services of the United States must be prepared to operate on the sea, under the sea, and in the air wherever and whenever their presence may be required. In order to carry out these operations effectively and efficiently, we must have an accurate means of navigation which will work under all conditions of weather. The Loran system is the only long-distance navigational system in operation today which will provide this service. Loran is a proven system and has been established and used successfully for over 10 years. Loran-A has been accepted by the NATO organization as a standard long-distance navigational system for its Armed Forces. It is used extensively by commercial shipping, private yachtsmen, fishermen, and commercial airlines. In the defense of the United States and her allies it is essential that our ships, submarines, and aircraft know their precise navigational position at all times. Ordinary means such as celestial navigation are often impossible to use due to weather conditions, and they do not provide the accuracy required in many operations. The Loran system provides a navigational position almost instantaneously for use at any time for any purpose. Prior to the 1959 program 12 Loran stations have been programed from funds appropriated to the Department of Defense. Of these stations, 2 have been completed, 2 are under construction, and the others are awaiting the completion of right-of-entry for construction and site negotiations with foreign governments. The program in fiscal year 1959 calls for (1) the completion of the Loran-A program with the construction of 4 stations and the purchase of equipment spares for the 16 stations under this program, and (2) the beginning of the Loran-C program with the construction of 6 transmitting and 2 monitor stations in priority areas, prototype equipment for testing and development work, and the purchase of longlead-time electronic equipment for additional stations scheduled after 1959 under the Loran-C program. The total cost of the 1959 construction program is $25,725,000, of which $5,725,000 will be provided through cancellation of 3 Loran-A stations and equipment previously programed under 1958 funds. In consequence, this appropriation request reflects the net remaining requirement of $20 million for the 1959 program. Senator CHAVEZ. Thank you, Commander. Senator CHAVEZ. The committee is handicapped until we find out what authority we have. The Armed Services Committee is meeting this afternoon. So we will be unable to continue with the Army at this particular time. FORT LEE, Va. Senator CHAVEZ. At this point in the record I shall insert a letter which I have received from Senator Robertson, requesting restoration of funds deleted by the House for the academic building at Fort Lee, Va. (The letter referred to follows:) UNITED STATES SENATE, July 30, 1958. Hon. DENNIS CHAVEZ, United States Senate, Washington, D. C. DEAR DENNIS: On the assumption that you will conduct the hearings on the military construction appropriation bill, I am writing to express my interest in the restoration of an item of $3,410,000 for an academic building at Fort Lee which was eliminated on the House side. This construction has been approved by the Armed Services Committee of the House and Senate, authorized in a construction bill passed by the Congress and is given a high-ordered priority by the Army. The Department of Defense will officially ask for the restoration of this item, and Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics of the Army, General Barney, will appear before our committee in behalf of the project. In the official statement of item justification data the Army will say: 1. Without the academic building military personnel which will do vast buying not only for the Army but other agencies in the field of consumer goods will not be properly trained to handle a future war. 2. Without training that would lead to a permanent commission in the Quartermaster Corps many able ROTC graduates will go back to civil life. 3. By concentrating instruction the services of 5 supervisors can be eliminated with a saving of $50,000 per year and at the same time increasing the efficiency of instruction. 4. By keeping superior instructors, $30,000 per year can be saved in training instructor replacements. 3. $24,000 a year can be saved in transportation. 6. $150,000 will be saved in heating and maintenance of heating equipment, $75,000 for maintenance of buildings, and $25,000 annually for maintenance of roads and grounds. 7. If the Quartermaster Corps is forced to continue to use temporary buildings in scattered locations, an immediate rehabilitation of heat, electric power, lights, and structural repairs at a cost of about $584,000 will be necessary. The House committee gave no good and sufficient reason for turning down this item. I agree with the military authorities that it is a construction item of high priority and, therefore, I shall move in our committee for its restoration. And in doing so, it, of course, would be pleasing to me to have your support as chairman of our Subcommittee on Defense Appropriations. With best wishes, I am, Sincerely yours, A. WILLIS ROBERTSON. ARMY WAR COLLEGE, CARLISLE, PA. Senator CHAVEZ. I shall insert in the record a letter from Senator Martin of Pennsylvania requesting restoration of funds for military construction projects at Carlisle Barracks. (The letter referred to follows:) Hon. DENNIS CHAVEZ, JULY 29, 1958. Chairman, Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense, Senate Office Building, Washington, D. C. DEAR DENNIS: I am writing you with regard to an interest I have in the military construction appropriation bill, H. R. 13489. The item is the acquisition of land in connection with the Carlisle Barracks at Carlisle, Pa. It comes under the appropriation for the Second Army. This project was approved in its entirety in the authorization bill, H. R. 13015. It originally called for $2,274,000 for hospital facilities, family housing, and the purchase of real estate. When the appropriation bill came before the House committee, the entire request for Carlisle Barracks was denied. The reason given was that there was not sufficient justification for the construction of a hospital nor for family quarters for senior officers. On the basis of the denial of the construction part of the project, the committee also refused the acquisition of land which would amount to only $354,000. It is my hope that I might be able to submit information to your committee that the acquisition of the land for this project is essential at this time to provide a proper entrance for the War College at Carlisle, and to prevent its acquisition for other commercial purposes that would entirely destroy the approach to the Army War College. It is, of course, my belief that the construction of the requested facilities is also essential, but the elimination by the House of the construction items would not necessarily preclude the desirability of acquiring certain land ajoining the entrance of the college. I would like very much to have the opportunity of submitting further information on this project to the committee when hearings are held, and will appreciate very much your consideration of my request. Very sincerely, EDWARD MARTIN. ARMY COLD REGIONS LABORATORY, HANOVER, N. H. Senator CHAVEZ. At this point I shall also insert a letter from Senator Cotton requesting restoration of funds for the Army Cold Regions Laboratory at Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H. (The letter referred to follows:) Hon. DENNIS CHAVEZ, COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COMMERCE, Chairman, Defense Appropriations Subcommittee, United States Senate, Washington, D. C. July 26, 1958. DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: I am writing to express my grave concern over two reductions which the House of Representatives made in H. R. 13489, the military construction appropriation bill, and to urge restoration of the full amount budgeted in both cases. The projects involved are both in New Hampshire, but the effects of the House cuts on our national policy and welfare are serious and far reaching. In denying additional funds for the Cold Regions Laboratory of the Army Corps of Engineers and suggesting a further study of available facilities, the House Appropriations Committee has delivered a severe setback to one of our most important research activities. As you know, the purpose of this laboratory is to increase the ability of the armed services to conduct larges-cale Arctic operations of all kinds. We are all coming to the vital realization that the U. S. S. R. does not lie either to the east or to the west of North America. It lies to the north-across the Arctic. A special Navy study group has reported that "expanded Arctic research is essential so that we may extend our northern military frontier to the Soviet Arctic littoral * ** a vacuum exists in the Arctic Ocean area due to our lack of capability in this region. Russia's historic preeminence in cold-regions research, development, and operations must be reckoned with in this connection. Large-scale, intensive, and competent Arctic research development is being pursued by the Soviets without fanfare." After many years of study, the Army Corps of Engineers, which carries on a large share of our Arctic research, recommended the establishment of a consolidated, well-equipped laboratory on the campus of Dartmouth College at Hanover, N. H., to meet the urgent needs of the Nation in this field. In my opinion, it would be tragic for us to delay this work in any way, and I hope the committee will recommend appropriation of the $1,291,000 requested for this vital project. The House Appropriations Committee also denied the Air Force request of $683,000 for additional water supply facilities at the Pease Air Force Base, Portsmouth, N. H. It appears from the statements in the committee report that their action is based on a misunderstanding of the situation. Appropriation of the full amount requested is essential, in my opinion, to enable the Air Force to meet its legal commitment for water to the city of Portsmouth and to do so wihout infringing on the rights of other communities in southeastern New Hampshire. The question of Federal infringement on existing water rights has often come before Congress in the past. In this case, the issue can be resolved to the satisfaction of all parties by construction of a surface water supply with the additional appropriation requested. I hope you will bring my views on these matters to the attention of all the members of the committee. Should it be desirable, I shall be happy to appear before the committee in person to testify on these projects. With every good wish, Yours sincerely, NORRIS COTTON, United States Senator. TEXAS PROJECTS Senator CHAVEZ. At this point in the record I shall insert a letter received from Senator Johnson relative to the reinstatement of certain Texas projects. (The letter referred to follows:) Hon. DENNIS CHAVEZ, JULY 31, 1958. Chairman, Military Construction Subcommittee, Senate Appropriations Committee, United States Senate, Washington, D. C. DEAR DENNY: I should like to request permission to appear before your subcommittee in order to urge the reinstatement of a number of important military construction projects in my State which were eliminated by the House of Representatives, as well as to urge the addition of two very important projects which were never even considered by the House Appropriations Committee. The budgeted items for Texas which I feel strongly should be reinstated are as follows: (1) James Connally Air Force Base, Waco, Tex. The The House committee deleted a parallel runway at James Connally Air Force Base, recommending that the Air Force make a thorough study of the requirement for it. The Air Force has already made a thorough study of this requirement and the runway is urgently needed as a safety measure. present runway is being utilized for jet takeoffs even though a hangar is located inside the limits specified by regulation for such takeoffs and a portion of the ramp must now be used as clearance. This situation greatly increases the possibility of compound aircraft losses from one accident. The Air Force states that the expenditure of this $32 million (approximately 16 percent of the total investment at the base) will result in an estimated increase of 30 percent in the capability of the base. (2) Fort Bliss, El Paso, Tex. The House deleted funds at Fort Bliss for 13 guided missile laboratory buildings and 2 administration and classroom buildings. The House committee stated it would offer no objection to the resubmittal of these buildings after design has been completed and realistic cost estimates are available. The Army states that these facilities are most essential for expanded missile training and |