requirements, and, we hope, of accomplishments. S. 105 is a method, even though small in its immediate impact, of helping to meet these requirements and of maintaining its position as leader of the Western defensive alliance. There is little doubt that the Soviet Union is pouring every effort into its educational program, with the single-minded aim of overtaking us, of surpassing us, and eventually of conquering us. This is a threat which we cannot overlook, because it goes beyond mere national defense and grapples with the question of survival. In our last appearance before you, we cited an extensive list of authorities for the facts that Russia is graduating more doctors, more scientists, and more We technically qualified persons from its schools than is the United States. wil not reiterate that testimony here, because the facts are too well known to all of us. We would, however, draw your attention to the fact that on May 23, 1959, President Eisenhower's Science Advisory Committee, after long study, recommended strongly that the Nation as a whole must spend at least $30 billion a year to bring its educational plant up to standard if there is any hope of meeting our national requirements. This sum is almost exactly twice that ($15 billion) now being spent annually for education in the United States. Furthermore, the Science Advisory Committee, then headed by Dr. James Killian, president of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, stated that there must be a new emphasis on science in the educational efforts of the United States. The report of the Science Advisory Committee, entitled "Education for the Age of Science," covered a broad range of matters relating to education and scientific education generally, making these major recommendations: (1) While the importance of nonscientific education cannot be diminished or overlooked, a proper balance must be maintained between these two general areas. But "we fear that in the past there has been inadequate emphasis on mathematics and science." (2) The strengthening of scientific education requires the strengthening of all education. (3) Every school and college should reexamine its curriculums periodically to make sure it is living up to the challenge. (4) As a nation, we should improve our scientific education at all levels, attempting to give better understanding of science to the nonscientists, as well as to discover and stimulate more individuals who have the talents to become scientists and engineers. President Eisenhower, commenting on the recommendation that all spending on education be doubled, said that "if we wisely spent twice that much to achieve higher quality it would be more than worth the cost. Doubling our current annual investment in education is probably a minimal rather than an extravagant goal." SMATHERS BILL A STEP TOWARD THE GOAL In light of this recent call for a stepped up campaign to improve our educational plant, particularly our capacity to educate scientists, it seems quite clear that S. 105 wil comend itself to your committee as a step toward the long-range goal which this Nation must meet. You will notice how this bill dovetails with the statement of the Science Advisory Committee that more effort must be made to develop the scientific genius we know to exist in our modern youth. The bill is designed to see to it that a large number of these high school graduates who are gifted and talented, but who cannot afford to go on to higher education, be permitted to do so. The cost today of sending an undergraduate to a public college averages $1,500 a year compared with $747 in 1939-40. Only about 5 percent of those attending such colleges are currently on scholarships. In these circumstances, and apart from the alien property question involved, your committee is faced with an unprecedented opportunity to put available funds to work for the constructive benefit of this Nation and of the record crop of high school graduates seeking admission to the Nation's colleges and universities. You can take great pride, in approving S. 105, in the knowledge that you very likely will make possible the education of many young persons, otherwise unable to continue their education, who will dream the dreams this Nation needs to assure its leadership and its survival in the space age. IN REGARD TO S. 1103 Beginning with the 83d Congress and in every session since, the legislative department of the AFL-CIO has supported and urged congressional legislation identical to S. 1103 which would permit the Attorney General of the United States to sell to private American interests at public sale this Government's majority stock control in General Aniline & Film Corp. This large American industry is in the manufacture at nine plants in six States of materials vital to the defense of this country. These plants are in Alabama, Kentucky, California, New Jersey, Michigan, and New York and within them we have 18 affiliated local unions, representing over half the total employment of General Aniline & Film Corp. Among the products that General Aniline & Film manufactures are chemicals, dyes, cameras, film of all types including X-ray film, whiteprint duplicating machines, sensitized papers, acetylene chemicals, chlorine, products used in manufacture of television equipment, and many others. We no not wish to see this American corporation returned to former enemy owners, who have been the conductors of slave labor. The workers of this American industry are concerned with their future, which obviously this Congress holds within its power in the form of future ownership of the corporation. List of affiliated groups in General Aniline & Film plants International Union of Operating Engineers. United Association of Plumbing & Pipefitting Industry of the United Binghamton Printing Pressmen & Assistants' Union. Sheet Metal Workers International Association. Motion Picture Laboratory Technicians I.A.T.S.E. Dyestuff and chemical division, Linden, N.J.: General Industrial Workers' Union.. Leadburners' Union.. Bricklayers, Masons & Plasterers. Rensselaer, N.Y.: International Chemical Workers Union.. 227 513 Ozalid division, Johnson City, N.Y.: International Association of Machinists.. La Habra, Calif.: Printing Specialists & Paper Products, Joint Council, International Printing Pressmen and Assistants' Union. New York, N.Y.: International Brotherhood of Pulp, Sulphite & Paper Mill Mr. WOOD. Mr. Riley, are you familiar with the fact that no department or agency of the Government concerned with education, and no educational association has endorsed the Smathers bill? Mr. RILEY. I am not as familiar with it as you are, Mr. Wood, because you are on the staff. However, that wouldn't alter our viewpoint of this legislation whatsoever. We have been in the minority in the past, and still thought we were right. Senator JOHNSTON. We are glad to have had you before us. Thank you so much. Is Mr. C. P. Verinis here? Apparently he is not here. Mr. David Ginsburg will be our next witness. Mr. Ginsburg is an attorney of Washington, D.C. STATEMENT OF DAVID GINSBURG, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Mr. GINSBURG. My name is David Ginsburg. I am an attorney here in Washington, with offices at 1632 K Street NW. I represent certain German property owners, organized in Bremen, Germany, as the Society for Study of Private Property Inerests Abroad. Mr. Chairman, I have several times appeared before this committee. You have asked that witnesses before you be brief, and my statement will be very brief. Senator JOHNSTON. I will appreciate it. Proceed. Mr. GINSBURG. Mr. Wood introduced into the record, a few minutes ago, an address by Mr. Loftus Becker, Legal Adviser for the State Department, delivered on May 2, 1959, and entitled, "Just Compensation in Expropriation Cases Decline and Partial Recovery." This address was delivered before the American Society of International Law, Mr. Chairman; some of Mr. Becker's remarks led me to review the record which has already been made before this committee, a record which by now consists of some 3,000 or 4,000 pages. There have been hundreds of witnesses before you who have said everything that virtually can be said on the subject of vested assets and the propriety of the proposed methods of dealing with them. What I have done is gone through the record having in mind the views expressed by Mr. Becker and prepared for consideration by the subcommittee what I have titled, "A Brief Against Confiscation." I have tried to avoid duplicating exactly materials already in the record; some overlapping is unavoidable but I believe that a compilation, in a single place, will be helpful to the members of the subcommittee who have the problem before them. In that brief, I have also, included such comments as I have on the bills pending before the subcommittee. I appear in full support of S. 672. I have no further comment for the subcommittee at this time, since I have appeared here so often before. My views are set forth at length in the record and in this brief. I offer the brief, Mr. Chairman, for the record, at this time. Senator JOHNSTON. We have a couple of questions by Mr. Wood, but at this point we will receive your statement and it will be printed in the record. (The statement of David Ginsburg is as follows:) |