cup tester. For the purpose of these regulations, flash points determined by other testing methods will be equivalent to those determined with an open cup tester as follows:

Open cup tester

(f)

EQUIVALENT FLASH POINTS

Tag closed cup tester (A.S.T.M.)

Pensky-Martens closed tester (A.S.T.M.)

• F.

140

Flammable liquid. "Flammable liquid" means any liquid which gives off flammable vapors (as determined by flash point from an open cup tester, as used for test of burning oils) at or below a temperature of 80° F. Flammable liquids are referred to by grades as follows:

(1) Grade "A": Any flammable liquid having a Reid vapor pressure of 14 pounds or more.

(2) Grade "B": Any flammable liquid having a Reid vapor pressure under 14 pounds and over 81⁄2 pounds.

(3) Grade "C": Any flammable liquid having a Reid vapor pressure of 82 pounds or less and flash point of 80° F. or below.

(g) Liquefied flammable gas. "Liquefied flammable gas" means any flammable gas having a Reid vapor pressure exceeding 40 pounds, which has been compressed and liquefied for purposes of transportation. Liquefied flammable gases are referred to by classes as follows:

(1) Class 1: Any liquefied petroleum gas, including gases or mixtures of gases produced with or derived from petroleum or natural gas, and composed predominantly of hydrocrabons or mixtures of hydrocarbons such as propane, propylene, butane, butylene or butadiene. (2) Class 2: Any liquefied flammable gas other than liquefied petroleum gas. (h) Pressure vacuum relief valve. "Pressure vacuum relief valve" means any device or assembly of a mechanical, liquid, weight, or other type used for the automatic regulation of pressure or vacuum in enclosed places.

(i) Reid vapor pressure. "Reid vapor pressure" means the vapor pressure of a liquid at a temperature of 100° F., expressed in pounds per square inch, absolute, as determined by the "Reid Method" as described in the American

Society for Testing Materials, Standard D-323 (most recent revision), Method of Test for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products. This standard is available at U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters for reading purposes, or it may be purchased from the society in Philadelphia, Pa.

(j) Flame screen. "Flame screen" means a single screen of corrosionresistant wire of at least 30 by 30 mesh or two screens, both of corrosion-resistant wire, of at least 20 by 20 mesh, spaced not less than one-half inch or more than 11⁄2 inches apart.

(k) Cofferdam. "Cofferdam" means a void or empty space separating two or more compartments for the purpose of isolation or to prevent the contents of one compartment from entering another in the event of the failure of the walls of one to retain their tightness.

(1) Spark arrestor. "Spark arrestor" means any device, assembly, or method of a mechanical, centrifugal, cooling, or other type and of a size suitable for the retention or quenching of sparks in exhaust pipes from internal combustion engines.

§ 113.92 Grading of vessels in accordance with products transported.

Vessels which are transporting Grade "A", Grade "B", Grade "C", Grade "D", or Grade "E" cargoes in bulk, or which being in ballast have on a previous voyage transported cargoes of these grades and whose tanks are not free of explosive gases, will be dealt with as Grade "A", Grade "B", Grade "C", Grade "D", or Grade "E" vessels, respectively. If a vessel is carrying two grades of hazardous cargo at the same time, it will be treated as a vessel of the grade corresponding to that of the more volatile product. A vessel in ballast, whose tanks are kept charged with an inert gas during transit shall be dealt with as a Grade "E" vessel. Tanks which are ballasted full to the level of the expansion hatch deck coaming will be accepted as the equivalent of a tank which has been gasfreed since last transporting hazardous cargo.

§ 113.93 Construction of cargo tanks. (a) Grade "A" cargo tanks shall extend to the main deck with hatches and vents located on the weather deck.

(b) All cargo tanks to be vented at a gage pressure of 4 pounds per square inch or less shall be constructed and tested as

required by standards established by the American Bureau of Shipping or other recognized classification society.

(c) All cargo tanks to be vented at a gage pressure exceeding 4 pounds per square inch shall be constructed in accordance with pertinent provisions of the Tank Vessel Regulations of the United States Coast Guard or in accordance with comparable regulations of regulatory agencies of other nations.

§ 113.94 Liquid level gaging, Grade "A" tanks.

Tank vessels which are to load or discharge Grade "A" liquids in Canal Zone waters shall provide a method of determining the liquid level in the tank without opening ullage holes, cargo hatches, or butterworth plates: Provided, That ullage holes fitted with sounding pipes tightly secured to the underside of the tank tops, open at the bottom, and extending to within 18 inches or less of the bottom of the tank shall be considered as complying with the foregoing requirement.

§ 113.95 Transportation of Grade “B”

or "C" liquids in shelter-deck vessels. Transportation of Grade "B" or “C” liquids is prohibited in cargo tanks having a shelter between deck space, not adapted or used for carrying hazardous liquid cargo in bulk, located over the tanks (between the tank top and main deck) unless such space is separated from other parts of the vessel by gas tight steel bulkheads. Hatches and vents of such tanks shall be located on the weather deck. Where ullage plugs are located in this space they must be secured and sealed in such manner as to necessitate breaking of the seal to open them: Provided, That the ullage holes may be opened during cargo transfer operations.

§ 113.96

Classification of vessels for carrying petroleum products in bulk. Grade "A," "B”, “C”, “D”, or "E" vessels are required to be maintained in class for carrying hazardous cargo in bulk by the American Bureau of Shipping, or other recognized classification society. If not so classed, vessels shall apply to the Board of Local Inspectors of the Canal Zone Government for a certificate of inspection stating their fitness for carrying hazardous cargoes in bulk in Canal Zone waters.

§ 113.97

Information to be furnished by vessels of all grades.

Vessels of Grade "A", "B", "C", "D", and "E" shall furnish the following information:

(a) Classification status.

(b) Amount and name of each grade of cargo carried.

(c) The actual vapor pressure in the case of Grade "A" cargoes, and certification that the vapor pressures for Grade "B" cargoes are less than 14 and more than 81⁄2 pounds per square inch, vapor pressures for Grade "C" cargoes are 81⁄2 pounds per square inch or less, and the flash points in the case of Grade "D" and "E" cargoes; all determinations to be made in accordance with definitions contained in § 113.91.

§ 113.98 Venting of cargo tanks.

(a) On all tank ships each cargo tank shall be equipped with a vent. The diameter of a vent shall be not less than 22 inches.

(b) Cargo tanks in which Grade "A" liquids are to be transported shall be fitted with a venting system consisting of branch vent line from each cargo tank connected to a vent header which shall extend to a reasonable height above the weather deck and be fitted with a flame arrestor or pressure-vacuum relief valve. Each branch vent line may be provided with a manually operated control valve, provided it is by-passed with a pressure-vacuum relief valve, or each cargo tank to which such a branch vent line is connected is fitted with an independent pressure-vacuum relief valve which shall extend to a reasonable height above the weather deck, or the control valve is locked in open position while in Canal Zone waters. Venting of Grade "A" cargo tanks near the deck line is prohibited.

(c) Cargo tanks in which Grade "B" or "C" liquids are to be transported shall be fitted with individual pressurevacuum relief valves, which shall extend to a reasonable height above the weather deck, or shall be fitted with a venting system consisting of branch vent lines connected to a vent header which shall extend to a reasonable height above the weather deck and be fitted with a flame arrestor or a pressure-vacuum relief valve.

(d) Venting systems required for Grade "A" liquids may be used in lieu of systems required for Grade "B" and "C”.

(e) Cargo tanks in which Grade "D”

or "E" liquids only are to be transported shall be fitted with gooseneck vents and flame screens unless such tanks are vented by pressure-vacuum relief valves or a venting system of branch vent lines and a vent header.

(f) Venting systems required for Grade "A", "B", or "C" liquids may be used in lieu of systems required for Grade "D" or “E”.

§ 113.99

Venting of bunker tanks.

Bunker fuel tanks shall be fitted with a gooseneck vent with suitable wire flame screen or a standard pressure-vacuum relief valve. The minimum size of vents shall not be less than 21⁄2 inches. The vent outlet shall be located above the weather deck.

§ 113.100 Venting of cofferdam.

Cofferdams shall be provided with gooseneck vents fitted with a flame screen or pressure-vacuum relief valves. The diameter of a vent shall not be less than 21⁄2 inches.

§ 113.101 Ventilation.

All enclosed parts of the vessel other than cargo, fuel, and water tanks and cofferdams, shall be provided with efficient means of ventilation. Pump rooms and compartments containing machinery where sources of vapor ignition are normally present shall be ventilated in such a way as to remove vapors from points near the floor levels or bilges. Effective steam or air actuated gas ejectors, blowers or ventilators fitted with heads for natural ventilation, will be approved for this purpose.

§ 113.102 Ventilation for certain hold spaces.

Hold spaces containing independent cargo tanks shall be considered to be equivalent to cargo pump rooms and shall be ventilated and safeguarded as such.

(b) Galley fires are normally permitted during cargo transfer operations: Provided, That prior to transferring Grade "A", "B" or "C" cargoes, the Master or Senior Deck Officer on duty and the Panama Canal Company Oil Plant Foreman or his representative shall make an inspection to determine whether in their judgment galley fires may be maintained with reasonable safety during transfer operations.

(c) Tank vessels that are to transfer Grade "A" cargo shall have all openings in the top of the tanks closed except branch vent lines.

(d) During transfer operations a red signal (flag by day and electric lantern at night) shall be so placed that it will be visible on all sides.

(e) Warning placards shall be displayed at the gangway, in a conspicuous place, during transfer of cargo, to warn persons approaching the gangway. The placard shall state in letters not less than 2 inches high the following:

DANGER

HANDLING PETROLEUM

NO LOITERING

NO FIRES, NO SMOKING
NO VISITORS

(The placards shall be supplied by the Panama Canal Company.)

(f) A sign shall be placed in the radio room warning against the use of radio equipment during transfer of Grade "A", "B", or "C" liquids, except as authorized by the Marine Director.

§ 113.104 Fire fighting requirements.

(a) Fire fighting equipment shall be adequate and in good operating condition. It shall include a steam smothering or a flue gas or a carbon dioxide or a foam system to the cargo tanks and water service, fire hoses and portable extinguishers.

(b) Fire hoses with suitable nozzles attached shall be connected to the outlets at all times while in Canal Zone waters. Sufficient hose shall be connected to reach all parts of the vessel. While moored to a dock, connections to shore lines shall be made if water pressure is not available aboard the vessel.

(c) In case of fire aboard a vessel the Port Captain shall be in complete charge for the purpose of coordinating the various Canal Zone Government or Panama Canal Company functions concerned.

The Panama Canal Company Oil Plant Foreman or his representative shall direct terminal fire fighting facilities until the arrival of the Canal Zone Government Fire Department, or the Port Captain or his representative. The vessel's crew shall cooperate with the terminal authorities. Nothing contained herein shall relieve the master of responsibility for the safety of his vessel.

§ 113.105 Smoking.

(a) Smoking is not allowed and shall not be permitted aboard tank vessels in Canal Zone waters while loading or unloading Grade "A", "B" or "C" cargoes.

(b) Smoking is not allowed and shall not be permitted on tank vessels carrying Grade "A", "B" or "C" cargoes while they are in the locks or within one-half mile of any lock.

(c) Smoking is not allowed and shall not be permitted on the weather deck of tank vessels in Canal Zone waters when they are not gas free.

(d) Smoking is not allowed and shall not be permitted on a dock in close proximity of a tank vessel that is not gas free. (e) "No smoking" signs shall be posted in appropriate places.

(f) Except where smoking is prohibited as provided above, the master or senior deck officer on duty shall designate where smoking is permitted. § 113.106

General safety requirements.

(a) Nonsparking tools shall be provided for opening and closing of cargo hatch covers.

(b) On Grade "A", "B", "C", or "D" vessels the electrical installation in a cargo pump room, or any enclosed space immediately adjoining cargo tanks shall meet the following requirements:

(1) Switch boards, distributing panels, switches, fuses and other circuit-interrupting devices are not to be fitted in these spaces.

(2) No portable lighting equipment except explosion proof, self contained, battery fed lamps shall be used in spaces that are not gas free.

(3) Wiring shall be leaded and armored and shall be run through gas tight fittings having stuffing glands at inlets and outlets.

(4) Joints in wiring shall be made only in wiring appliances, such as junction boxes, outlet boxes, etc., and such boxes shall be metallic and shall be gas tight.

(5) Lighting fixtures shall be of an approved type.

(6) Electric motors shall be of an approved type either totally enclosed or ventilated to the atmosphere by suction and discharge air ducts.

(c) Stacks of vessels shall not be cleaned while vessel is moored to an oil dock.

(d) Tank covers, ullage holes and butterworth plates shall, unless tanks are gas free, be kept closed under the following conditions:

(1) During transit.

(2) While self-propelled vessels are directly alongside, or any source of vapor ignition is present or in close proximity to tanks.

(3) Unless special permission has been granted by Canal authorities to open tanks: Provided, That ullage plugs may be removed when necessary for the purpose of gauging or sampling, or during cargo transfer operations.

(4) No cargo tank hatches, ullage holes, or butterworth plates shall be opened or shall remain open without flame screens, except under the supervision of the senior members of the crew on duty, unless the tank opened is gas free.

(e) No pitch, tar, turpentine, or other combustible shall be boiled on any pier or on board any vessel without permission of the Port Captain.

(f) All doors, air ports, etc., in compartments on weather deck that are facing or adjacent to cargo tanks and where fires, open flames, or other sources of vapor ignition exist shall be kept closed while in Canal Zone waters on all tank vessels that are not gas free.

(g) Riveting, burning, welding or like fire-producing operations shall not be undertaken within or on the boundaries of bulk cargo spaces or in spaces adjacent thereto until an inspection has been made by an authorized Panama Canal Company chemist to determine that such operations can be undertaken with safety.

(h) Tank vessels equipped to carry Grade "A", "B", "C", or "D" liquids shall have their galleys, living quarters, general cargo spaces, boiler rooms, and enclosed spaces containing propelling machinery, or other machinery where sources of vapor ignition are normally present, segregated from their cargo tanks by cofferdams or pump rooms, tanks, or air spaces.

(i) Exhaust lines from internal combustion engines, where run through the deck, or through the sides of the superstructure, shall be extended to a height of at least 4 feet above the deck. The exhaust piping shall be either insulated or water-cooled. A spark arrestor shall be installed in each exhaust line.

(j) Storage batteries shall not be located in cargo pump rooms. The space in which they are located shall be well ventilated and they shall be protected against mechanical and electrical injury.

(k) Tank vessels handling Grade “A”, "B", "C", or "D" liquids shall have their cargo pumps isolated from all sources of vapor ignition by gas tight bulkheads. Totally enclosed motors of the "explosion proof" type, motors ventilated on both the intake and exhaust by ducts to the atmosphere, and engines driven by steam shall not be considered to be sources of vapor ignition.

A sufficient number of the crew shall be on duty to perform transfer operations.

§ 113.108 Closing of scuppers and sea valves.

The Deck Officer in charge shall see that all scuppers are properly plugged during transfer operations except on tank vessels using water for deck cooling. Sea valves shall be closed and lashed, or sealed to indicate that they should not be open during all cargo loading operations. Under no circumstances shall such valves be secured by locks.

§ 113.109 Connecting cargo hose.

Sufficient hose shall be used to provide for the movement of the vessel. When cargo hose is supported by ship's tackle, the Deck Officer in charge is responsible for raising and lowering of the hose to prevent strains and chafing or other damage to hose.

§ 113.110 Electric bonding.

A tank vessel shall be electrically connected to the shore piping, through which the cargo is to be transferred, prior to connecting the cargo hose, and electrical connection shall be maintained until after the cargo hose has been disconnected and any spillage removed. The Senior Deck Officer on duty shall

Prior to transfer of cargo the Senior Deck Officer on duty, who shall be a licensed officer or a certificated tankerman, shall inspect the vessel and ascertain that the following conditions exist: (a) There is a sufficient number of crew on duty.

(b) All scuppers are properly plugged. (c) Warning signs are displayed as required.

(d) Cargo hose is connected and cargo valves are set.

(e) All cargo connections for the transfer of "A", "B" and "C" cargoes have been made to the vessel's pipe lines and not through open end hose in a hatch.

(f) In transferring Grades "A", "B" and "C" cargoes, there are no fires or open flames present on the deck, or any compartment which is located on, facing, or open and adjacent to that part of the deck on which cargo hose is connected.

(g) The shore terminal or other tank vessel concerned has reported itself in readiness for transfer of cargo.

(h) All sea valves connected to the cargo piping system are closed.

(i) In transferring Grade "A", "B" and "C" cargoes, that an inspection has been made to determine whether boiler fires can be maintained with reasonable safety.

(j) In transferring Grade "A", "B" and "C" cargoes that an inspection has been made to determine whether galley fires can be maintained with reasonable safety.

(k) No repair work in way of cargo spaces is being carried on without permission of the proper Panama Canal authority.

(1) The bonding cable has been properly connected.

(m) In transferring Grade "A" cargo, all openings in the top of the tanks are closed except branch vent lines.